Wuchuan history and culture

After the reform and opening up, with the development of market economy, cultural diversity and relaxed religious belief environment, the original folk customs, ideals and beliefs and religious beliefs have been impacted, forming new ideas, new cultures and new fashions. Etiquette and customs introduced from other countries blend with the original concepts, cultures and fashions, and coexist and prosper together. People's food, clothing, housing and transportation, weddings and funerals of the elderly, festivals and celebrations at the age of 20, social etiquette and customs, production and living customs, bad living habits, etc. It has been severely impacted and coexists with new ideas, new cultures and new fashions. When people encounter corresponding things, they often follow old customs and traditions, but they also follow new rules and create new fashions.

Wuchuan has a long history and a long culture. After the founding of New China, the county party committee and the county government attached great importance to cultural activities, forming a diversified cultural development pattern such as literature counseling, reading, cable broadcasting, Cantonese opera performance and Quyi parade. After the reform and opening up, mass cultural activities have become more colorful, forming a creative upsurge of art, calligraphy, photography, poetry, literature and folk literature, and creating a large number of literary and artistic works, which have been published and exhibited at or above the provincial level.

Folk arts bring forth the old and bring forth the new, and there are traditional clay sculptures exhibitions in Jiefang Road, Jiang Yan Road, Haigang Avenue and Jiang Xindao, in addition to Mei Reuters. On the fifteenth night of the first month of every year, ten thousand people swim across the sea. On 16 and 17, residents in Meilutou, Meiling, Getang and Wayao all decorated with floating colors, lion dances, dragon dances and dances.

Wuchuan three wonders (floating color, clay sculpture, flower bridge) and Wuchuan Yuanxiao are well-known at home and abroad. 1987 In February, Sun Danli, Ph.D. in folk music from the Music Department of the University of Washington, visited Wuchuan to inspect drama and folk art. On the evening of March 8, 1988 CCTV broadcasted a special program of folk art activities of Wuchuan Lantern Festival for the first time. Wuchuan's floating colors, flower bridges, clay sculptures, movable colored sculptures and flower pagodas, 1990, were invited to Guangzhou to participate in the "China First Tourism Art Festival". Wuchuan has several accents, such as local dialect, Oriental dialect (Li dialect) and Shanghai dialect. Wuyang dialect, Lu Mei dialect and Tang Zhu dialect are also different in dialect. Wuchuan has the most people who speak Wuyang accent, especially in Wuyang and Huang Po near Zhanjiang. Wuchuan dialect generally refers to the voices around Wuyang and Huang Po.

The biggest feature of Wuchuan dialect is its strong ancient rhyme. This is a special mixed language, which combines Cantonese, Min and Liao Ligu Yue, and some pronunciations still retain the characteristics of Min. Later, due to the influence of Gaozhou vernacular, it gradually became vernacular, but it always kept a huge gap with other vernacular and could not communicate with other vernacular branches. Wuchuan dialect belongs to Wuhua dialect of Cantonese, and it is also one of the representative dialects of Wuhua Cantonese. Pronunciation, Wuchuan dialect is extremely harmonious, which is rare in China.

On kinship terms, Wuchuan dialect is quite old. If you call your father or Lao Dou, some people call you uncle or brother. Call mom mom, mom or daughter; Call dad's elder sister (a glass of milk) and elder sister (a daughter-in-law). Call me grandpa Yayi, my grandma Yayi, and my great-grandparents Gong Zu and grandma. Daughter-in-law refers to the husband's parents as husband and wife. Call the daughter-in-law the bride; Call me grandpa, my grandpa and my grandma. Call mother's brother's wife a "ghost" and grandmother's brother and wife a "nine palaces" and a "ghost woman"; Call a son a son or a horse.

In Wuchuan, in addition to the vernacular, there are also eastern dialects (that is, Leihua) and Shanghai dialects (Jixiang).

First of all, the vernacular Chinese can be divided into two categories:

One is the vernacular dialect represented by Lu Mei dialect, which can be divided into Lu Mei dialect, Tangbian dialect and Changqi dialect. Lu Mei accent is mainly used in Lu Mei Street; Tangbian accent is mainly used in Tangbian area in northwest China; Changqi accent is mainly used in shallow water and northern Changqi area, which is close to the vernacular accent in neighboring Maoming and Huazhou. The other is the "vernacular" represented by Wuyang dialect (also called slang locally). It passes through the towns and streets of Wuyang, Huang Po, Tang Wei and Wen Zhen. According to statistics, people who speak Wuyang dialect (slang) account for more than 60% of the city's total population; Today, Potou District belongs to Zhanjiang City, which was originally under the jurisdiction of Wuchuan City, and 90% of the residents also speak Wuchuan dialect. Lufeifang dialect and Wuyang dialect belong to the vernacular, have common characteristics and can communicate with each other on the whole. In contrast, Lu Mei dialect is slightly close to Guangfu dialect, and Wuyang dialect is obviously different from Guangfu dialect, which is called Tu.

Second, the Oriental dialect.

Dong dialect is Li dialect, also called Leihua, which is very close to Leizhou and Xuwen's Leihua and belongs to Min dialect. Mainly distributed in Shi Lan, Wangcun Port, Qinba and other towns. It is estimated that nearly100000 people speak Cantonese. These towns are located in the east of Wuchuan City, which is connected with shuidong town, the neighboring Dianbai County. They call shuidong town's words "Oriental Dialect", hence the name Wuchuan Oriental Dialect.

Third, Shanghai dialect.

Shanghai dialect, also known as auspicious dialect, is an endangered language, which is distributed in auspicious areas. Lantern Festival customs

On the 14th to 17th day of the first lunar month, the Lantern Festival in Wuchuan is very lively. The streets and alleys of Meilong Street are decorated with colorful lights and tourists. What a festive scene. Lantern Festival activities are colorful, including lifelike clay sculptures and electric colored sculptures, towering bamboo and wood five-level archways and flower pagodas, colorful flower bridges and mighty parades. During the parade, gongs and drums were loud, and dragons, lions, brave dancers, Erzhen dancers, six generals, ten fans, flute players and pottery drums danced together. There are all kinds of floats, "ground color" and wonderful and ingenious "floats", as well as colorful flower cluster teams, bunting teams, honor guards and martial arts teams, and the whole city is immersed in one. In particular, floating colors, clay sculptures and flower bridges, known as "the three wonders of Wuchuan", attracted thousands of people at home and abroad to watch.

According to the statistics of relevant departments, during the Lantern Festival every year, the number of people who directly participate in artistic activities reaches100000, and the number of tourists who come to watch the Lantern Festival reaches 6.5438+00000. CCTV and Guangdong TV have broadcast feature films "Three Wonders of Wuchuan, Guangdong" and "Wuchuan Lantern Festival Parade" at home and abroad for many times, and gained a high reputation. In 2000, Wuchuan City was named "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" by the Ministry of Culture. In 2002, Wuchuan officially designated the Lantern Festival as "Wuchuan Lantern Festival".

Wu chuan San Jue

Wuchuan City, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, is famous for its floating colors, clay sculptures and flower bridges. Wuchuan's Fuse 1992 and 1997 went to Beijing twice to attend CCTV Spring Festival Gala. In 2003, Wu Chuan's floating color modeling works went to Beijing to participate in the first exhibition of cultural relics and imitations, that is, folk handicrafts, and won the gold medal. In 2000, the Ministry of Culture named Meilong, Wuchuan City as "the hometown of China folk art (floating color and clay sculpture)", and the Guangdong Provincial Department of Culture named Huang Po Town as "the hometown of Guangdong folk art (floating color)"; In May 2006, Guangdong Provincial People's Government compiled "Wuchuan Piaose" as the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage list; In 2007, Wu Chuanpiao was listed in the "Second Batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage List", and Wu Chuan clay sculpture was listed in the "Guangdong Intangible Cultural Heritage List" in June 2007.

In July 2009, Wuchuan Piaose participated in Chengdu International Intangible Cultural Heritage Festival as the only invited team in Guangdong Province. June 5438+October 2009 10, Wuchuan clay sculpture was invited to participate in the Wuxi National Clay Fighter Exhibition, and his works were collected by China Clay Fighter Museum. June 20 10, Wuchuan Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance Base was established.

Piaose

Wuchuan's floating color began in the Qing Dynasty. Children dressed up as various figures, or stood or sat on "colorful boards", sang and danced in the parade, flying like a fairy, thrilling and wonderful, and was praised as "hidden art" and "Oriental floating art". In September 2003, Wuchuan went to Beijing to participate in the first China cultural relic imitation and folk craft exhibition, won the gold medal, and was praised by experts and scholars as "the uniqueness of China Lingnan folk art" In 2005, Wuchuan Piaose became the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage masterpieces. In June, 2006, at the invitation of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong, Wu Chuanpiaose participated in the parade held in Hong Kong on July 1 to celebrate the return of Hong Kong and the ninth anniversary of the establishment of the SAR Government, which was well received by people from all walks of life, and major newspapers and TV stations in Hong Kong made special reports. On the Lantern Festival in 2006, Wuchuan held the first national "Dinglong Cup" floating color show, and Wuchuan won three sets of floating colors, including gold medal, four sets of silver prize and 1 set of bronze prize.

clay sculpture

Clay sculpture originated in the Tang Dynasty. Clay figurines are diverse, vivid and touching, and have high ideological artistry. Wuchuan Folk Sculpture Garden is the first folk sculpture garden in China. Pan He, a famous sculpture artist in China and deputy director of the National Urban Sculpture Art Committee, wrote the name of Wuchuan Folk Sculpture Garden for the sculpture garden, and also created a batch of clay sculptures for visitors to enjoy. Lu Mei Street is called "the hometown of clay sculpture". It is said that Mei Lan's clay sculpture has a history of hundreds of years. The rise and development of clay sculpture is related to the well-developed ceramic brick industry in Meiyu. It is said that at the end of the Tang Dynasty, one year during the Lantern Festival, a Potter in Wayao Village of Meilong was idle and picked up a clay sculpture portrait, which attracted many people to watch. In this way, other potters also came to knead clay figurines, which virtually formed the clay figurine exhibition of the Lantern Festival. Since then, people in Wayao Village made clay sculptures to celebrate the Lantern Festival, and gradually formed local customs, which spread. The art of clay sculptures spread to surrounding villages, such as Meilutou and Yao Di, and was deeply influenced. Every Lantern Festival, life-size clay sculptures will be exhibited in the streets and nearby villages of Meilong. In 2000, Meilong Town of Wuchuan City was named "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" by the Ministry of Culture, and Wuchuan clay sculpture played an important role in this honor. As long as it is mentioned, people will think of Wuchuan, and clay sculpture has increased its popularity.

Huaqiao

Wuchuan Huaqiao began in the Ming Dynasty. Across the banks of the river, the bridge is covered with cloth sheds and covered with colored lights, flags, ribbons and balloons. On both sides of the bridge, flowers are blooming and poetry and painting are beautiful; There is a large clay sculpture "Fairy Scattered Flowers" at the bridgehead, which is exquisitely carved and ingenious. At night, the flower bridge, with colorful lights flashing and blue waves like a rainbow, is extremely spectacular. Dish system

Wu Sichuan cuisine belongs to Cantonese cuisine system, which is in the same strain as Guangzhou cuisine. Wu Sichuan cuisine inherits the tradition of Cantonese cuisine and absorbs the essence of Cantonese cuisine. What is the popular flavor of modern Cantonese cuisine? It can be summarized by the words "clear, fresh, tender, smooth, refreshing and fragrant", and it can also be used to summarize the characteristics of Wu Sichuan cuisine. Wuchuan's street cooking is characterized by heavy fragrance and begging for gas. The street cooking in Wuchuan is rich in flavor, but only a small amount of ginger, onion and garlic are used as "ingredients" to make it fragrant, and less spicy spices such as pepper, pepper, star anise and fennel are used as seasonings, so the taste will not be too strong. Wu Sichuan cuisine is fragrant but not strong, which is a refreshing fragrance; The wok gas is to heat the wok (a large wok for cooking) with strong fire, add oil, boil the oil, put down a small amount of ginger, onion and garlic and stir fry quickly with strong fire. The fried dishes are particularly fragrant. The dish fried in this way is called "wok gas", which means the heat is just right.

Wuchuan wedding banquet is rich in dishes. Wedding banquets in surrounding counties and cities are generally 13 dishes, one soup and one syrup. Wuchuan wedding banquet has 16 to 18 dishes, and 18 dishes are the most common, because Wuchuan people like the homonym of "18" as "true hair", which means "it will be developed".

No matter in the past or now, many people in Wuchuan like to put wine at home, and some even borrow the street temporarily, and set up scaffolding and stoves on the street, and the wine and meat are all over the street. Neighbors, neighbors, aunts and grandmothers, all came to help. Killing ducks and bringing chickens, washing pots and bowls, moving tables and setting stools are busy. Now there is a professional family banquet team, the host only needs to order good dishes, and the rest of the work and chores are all contracted to the professional team. Compared with hosting a banquet in a hotel, hosting a banquet at home is not only economical, but also rich in dishes. You can also make a scene at home, and your relatives and friends are beaming.

Wuchuan people usually come to dinner at the invitation of others. This is respect for the guests, except in special circumstances, but people will come even if they don't get the gift money.

Famous specialty

Wuchuan is rich in resources. The climate here is mild, the scenery is beautiful and the land is fertile. There are abundant agricultural products such as rice, sugarcane, peanuts, jute, watermelon, oranges, longan and northern vegetables. The 10,000-acre ecological reserve is a paradise for all kinds of rare birds and waiting birds, where sparrows known as "ginseng in the sky" gather. Aquatic products are famous for jellyfish, sand snails and rice crabs. Mineral resources include graphite ore, ilmenite, gold ore, Yingshi, granite, kaolin and glass sand.

Wuchuan cuisine is famous all over the world, and the Tourism Culture and Food Festival is Wuchuan's characteristic and brand. Wuchuan has a developed food culture, and the famous Shatian snail and Liao Zhi cream crab, one of the four famous crabs in China, have long enjoyed a good reputation. In addition to hotels, small food stalls are all over the streets, and all kinds of snacks are open all night. There are too many delicious foods in Wuchuan, so I won't list them one by one. Here are some common foods. chow mein

Wuchuan fried noodles are most famous for their "stale fried noodles". The mother-in-law and daughter-in-law do not use a complete wok to stir-fry powder, but first remove two wok ears and then cut off the edge of the wok, which is called a "rotten wok". It is said that the rotten wok fried powder is even, thick and fragrant, with "iron pot gas". When stir-frying powder, first stir-fry the pan, add peanut oil, then add lard, add garlic seeds and stir-fry until fragrant, then add soy sauce, sugar and monosodium glutamate, stir-fry until it is yellow, and finally sprinkle with chopped green onion or coriander to serve. In Meilong, rotten wok fried powder is sold in streets, snack bars and even high-end hotels. Fried powder in rotten iron pot is the first business card of Sichuan cuisine in Wu, enjoying the reputation of "the first fried in Wu".

Wuyang snail

Wuchuan is located on the seashore and is rich in aquatic products, among which snail, jellyfish and Liao Zhi crab are well known. Sand snail, whose scientific name is purple clam, also known as Xishi Tongue, is a tribute in Qing Dynasty. Because it is produced at the intersection of Jianjiang River and seawater, its meat is white and crisp, and the soup is sweet and delicious, especially Wuyang Shatian snail porridge.

Liao Zhi crab

Liao Zhi crab is named after it is produced in Liao Zhihai. Liao Zhicun is located at the mouth of Jianjiang River. There are many plankton in the water, and the crab is tender and beautiful. The top is as creamy as a child, and it is called "rice crab". February of the lunar calendar is the best every year, so there is a famous saying that "crabs in February don't envy delicacies." Wuyang jellyfish

Jellyfish, formerly known as jellyfish, is commonly known as "fishing" in Wuchuan, and the jellyfish along the coast of Wuyang is the most famous. Jellyfish is extremely rich in nutrition, and the processed products are called jellyfish skin for umbrella and jellyfish head for wrist.

Tang Wei vermicelli

The vermicelli economy is delicious, but with the deepening of reform and opening up and the acceleration of urbanization, this manual workshop skill is almost lost. Nowadays, pastry food has become the first choice and favorite supper for the general public. Because vermicelli embodies the local customs and contains a heavy food culture.

Making Wuchuan vermicelli is extremely simple: remove impurities from rice, soak it in clean water for 1 hour, grind it into fine pulp, pour a proper amount of pulp into a bamboo basket covered with a thin cloth, put it into a large pot of boiling water, cover it and steam it over high fire. Take it out and put it on the prepared board. Take off the thin cloth.

Wuchuan powder is thin, tough and slippery. Therefore, it can be eaten in a variety of ways: it can be fished, soup can be made, and it can be fried. Fishing vermicelli is a simple and affordable way to eat. Nowadays, vermicelli is rare in rural areas of Wuchuan, but there are many in markets such as Meilong, Tang Wei, Wuyang and Huang Po. Wuchuan's vermicelli is the most historical vermicelli in Tang Wei market. It is rolled into strips, cut into sections, and served with soy sauce and sesame seeds.

Snail juice

Wuchuan crab claws are delicious and fragrant. It is a local favorite snack with sauce, and also a rare gift with local flavor for distant relatives and friends. Wuchuan casserole is mainly produced in Liao Zhi, Wuyang Guankou, Huang Po and Zhongshan coastal beaches or adjacent paddy fields.

Amy Yi Tian (voice)

The fields sown every spring are covered with gray-green Tian Ai. Generally, the top core of mugwort is picked, and then dried to make mugwort velvet. Cooked Artemisia argyi velvet is rubbed into skin with brown sugar water and rice flour, and then wrapped with white sugar, peanuts and shredded coconut to make sweet Amy B. The fragrant one is made of fresh shrimp, raw onion and lean meat stuffing. Wu Chuantian Amy Yi is especially famous for Bo Huang. And sweet potato cakes and shrimp cakes are also delicious.

Wuchuan babao rice

Wuchuan Babao rice was created in 1922 Meilong Town, Wuchuan. According to the palace eight-treasure rice, Wuchuan's product conditions and local tastes and habits, Wuchuan-style eight-treasure rice was created. According to Wuchuan's custom, most banquets are served with eight-treasure rice.

Huang Po garlic

Huang Po Town, located in Jianjiang Plain, has a very suitable climate for garlic production. Pickled garlic uses high-quality white garlic produced in Huang Po Town. Remove the fibrous roots, put them in a vat, pour strong vinegar and salt, and soak for three or four days. Then, pick up the light vinegar, brown sugar and white sugar and put them in another vat for ten or twenty days. The finished product is grayish green, shiny, and has the fragrance of garlic and balsamic vinegar.

Pittosporum wuchuan

Wuchuan candy is a unique and famous product in production. The finished product is as thick as sugar cane, 7~8 cm long, hollow, full of foam, crisp and sweet at the entrance, and it is a good product in candy. The production of Ma Tong has a history of more than 100 years in Wuchuan, but its production technology has been kept secret for a long time, and it was not made public until the 1960s. Wuchuan clay pot dog meat

Dog meat is a famous flavor food in western Guangdong. The stewed dog meat in Wuchuan Wayao is better than its peers because of its unique fragrant and slippery flavor. Wuchuan Wayao pot dog meat has a long history. As the saying goes: "Dog meat rolls three times, and the fairy is unstable."

Sucun sweet potato

"Wuchuan sweet potato is more expensive than rice." This is a common saying that many people are familiar with. The sweet potato planted in Su Village, Changqi Town, Wuchuan is particularly famous and is one of Wuchuan's specialties. The geographical environment of Su Village is very unique. The soil here belongs to clayey soil and contains many trace elements. Among them, the content of various calcium compounds in soil is very high. In addition, there is plenty of sunshine and rainfall here, and the yield of sweet potatoes is high and the taste is unique.