Chaoshan Dialect Overseas -3

Postal Pinyin began in the thirty-second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1early 906) and was adopted by the joint conference of imperial posts and telecommunications held in Shanghai. This is a system for spelling China place names with Latin letters. This system unifies and standardizes the Latin alphabet spelling of place names in China. The Imperial Joint Conference of Posts and Telecommunications decided that British diplomat Zhai Lisi in China was the main candidate. Herbert Allen Giles (1846- 1935)? Based on the spelling of Latin letters in Huaying Dictionary (Shanghai 1st Edition, 1892). The pinyin used in Huaying dictionary is actually Wittoma pinyin. In order to meet the needs of telegraphy, the meeting decided not to use any additional symbols (such as gas supply symbols, etc.). ). The meeting decided to keep the existing spelling of the spelling name. Accents, apostrophes and hyphens will be deleted to facilitate telegraph transmission. Removed the requirement of providing addresses in Chinese characters. Postal Pinyin is based on Wittuma Pinyin. According to the new transliteration scheme, Guangdong and parts of Guangxi and Fujian will adopt local pronunciation. In other areas, a system called Nanjing syllables will be used.

However, before 1906 "imperial post and telecommunications joint conference" unified the spelling of place names, some place names already had the customary spelling of Latin letters, and these place names remained unchanged. For example, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Shantou and so on.

1858, that is, the eighth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty. After the Second Opium War, the Qing government was forced to sign the Sino-British Treaty of Tianjin, which stipulated Chaozhou as a trading port. However, due to the strong resistance of the people in Chaozhou city, foreigners voluntarily gave up their trade in Chaozhou city and chose Shantou, which is relatively safe.

1860, that is, Qing Xianfeng 10, Shantou officially opened to the outside world at the request of western powers, becoming the third largest port in China and the second province with customs.

Due to the contact between many hometown people and overseas Chinese at that time, postal pinyin began to be used, in which place names were translated in local dialects, and postal pinyin in some Chaoshan areas was translated as:

Shantou-Shantou

Chaozhou dialect-Chaozhou

Kittiar-Jieyang

Shigao-Chenghai

Teoan-Chaoan

Qiao Ben Raoping

Namall- South Australia

Teoyar-Chaoyang

Poland-Puning

Huili-Huilai

Swaboue-Shanwei

19 12 after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), postal pinyin continued to be used, so it was the most commonly used system for spelling place names in China in western countries in the first half of the 20th century.

On June 1 93265438+1October1day, the Central Bank of Guangdong was officially reorganized into the Bank of Guangdong Province by the order of the National Government, and became a local bank during Chen's reign in Guangdong. After the establishment of Guangdong Bank, a new version of Guangdong Bank banknotes was issued, and the original Guangdong local central bank banknotes were recovered in 12 years of the Republic of China. The following picture shows the banknotes marked "Shantou" issued by Guangdong Bank at that time:

/kloc-at the end of 0/906, the Chaoshan Railway connecting Shantou and Chaozhou was opened to traffic, which was the first commercial railway in China. Railways control southwest Fujian and eastern Guangdong, with considerable turnover. The average daily freight volume is about100t, and the revenue is almost the same as that of Tokaido Railway in Japan. This is one of the best railways in China. The following picture shows Shantou Station of Chaoshan Railway, which was shot at that time:

Chinese restaurants with Chaozhou cuisine run by overseas Chinese still use the spelling of "postal pinyin":

(The picture is a network picture)

Does that include us? Chaoshan dialect overseas-one? The textbook of Chaozhou dialect written by any missionary mentioned in this paper also uses postal pinyin:

Chaoshan dialect is overseas-second, the dictionary "Miss Pei" written by American missionary A.M. Fielde also uses Shantou's postal pinyin;

Jieyang Chaoshan Airport, which is now located in Jieyang, still uses SWA beginning with Shantou Post Pinyin SWATOW for display.

Although "postal pinyin" is very tall, it was originally used to spell the place names of China. But before the publication of postal pinyin, the names of some places were already called by Latin letters, so the names of many places were different. This is a very mixed system.

PS: The following is a comparison table of place names with postal pinyin postmark:

Xiamen, Anqing, Guangzhou, Changle, Changsha, Changde, Yantai, Zhengding, Chengdu, Jinan, Qingzhou and Zhenhai. Jining (Jining) Zhenjiang (Zhenjiang) Zhoucun (Chongqing) Chongqing (Chongqing) Xing Fan (Fengtian) Fuzhou (Fuzhou) Hangzhou (Hangzhou) Hankou (Hankou) Harbin (HOKOW) Hekou (Yichang). Yizhou (CHOW) Ruian (JUIAN) Kaifeng (Kaifeng) Zhangjiakou (KALGAN) Gaomi (KAOMl) Jiaxing (KASHING) Jiangyin (KIANGYIN) Jiaozhou (KIAOCHOW) Jilin (KIRIN) Jiujiang (kiu Jiang) Qiongzhou (Ki-ung Chow) Jiangmen (KONGMOON). Gulangyu, Guling, Guling, Ganzhu, Kunming, Guilin, Guiyang, Lanzhou, Laohe and Liaoyang. Lijiang (Lijiang) Luzhou (Luzhou) Luzhou House (Luzhou House) Longzhou (Luzhou) Mawei (mam 0 1) Manzhouli (Menghua) Mengzi (Montez) Moganshan (Mukden) Nanchang. Nanjing, Nanxun, Nanjing, Niuzhuang, Anqing, Anqing, Ningbo, Baota Anchorage, Beihai, PAKH0 1, Baoning, Baoding, Beidaihe and Beijing. Pingyao County, Poxi, Sanshui, Shamian, Shanghai, Shanhaiguan, Sandu 'ao, Shashi, Shiping, xi Xianfu and Xiangtan. SIAOKl, Shi Xia, Suzhou, Soochow, Xuanhua House, Xuzhou House, SUCHOWFU, SZEMAO, Tacheng, TAHCHENG, TAIKUHSIEN, Taiyuan, TAIVUAN, TAKU and Tangku. Tengyue (Tengyue) Tianjin (Tianjin) Tianjin (Tianjin) Dihua (Dihua) Tingzhou Prefecture (Tongshan) Jimo (Jimo) Jinan (Jinan) Qingjiangpu (TSINGKIANGPU) Zouping. Zunhuafu (Zunhua Prefecture) Dongxing (Tongxing) Huanggang (Gongxian County) Urumqi (Urumqi) Ahava (ahava) wei county (wei county) Wenzhou (Wenzhou) Huangpu (Huangpu) Wusong (W00SUNG) Wuchang (Wuchang) Huzhou (Wu Zhou). Fuzhou (Wuchang) Wuzhou (Wuchang) Wuhu (Wuhu) Yangzhou (Yangzhou) Yanzhou Fu (Yanzhou Fu) Yueshaomen City (Yangzhou City) Yunnan Fu.

This transitional illustration design: EDC

1. Wikipedia-"Postal Pinyin":

https://zh . wikipeda . org/wiki/% E9 % 83% B5 % E6 % 94% BF % E5 % BC % 8F % E6 % 8B % BC % E9 % 9F % B3

2. Chinese-English dictionary. Morrison

3. English-Chinese dictionary. Walter Henry Medhurst