Scientists who have made great contributions to mankind?

1March 87914-1April 955 18 was born in Ulm, the kingdom of wü rttemberg, Germany, and graduated from Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, a Jewish physicist. 1900 graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and became a Swiss citizen.

1905 received a doctorate from the University of Zurich. Einstein put forward the photon hypothesis and successfully explained the photoelectric effect. So he won the Nobel Prize in physics at 192 1 and founded the special theory of relativity at 1905. General relativity was founded in 19 15. 1April 1955 18 died at the age of 76.

Einstein laid a theoretical foundation for the development of nuclear energy and initiated a new era of modern science and technology, and was recognized as the greatest physicist after Galileo and Newton. 199965438+On February 26th, Einstein was selected as "the great man of the century" by American Time magazine.

2. stephen william hawking

1942 65438+1October 8 to 201March 8 14 was born in Oxford, England, a famous physicist at Cambridge University, England, one of the greatest physicists in modern times and one of the great men with international reputation in the 20th century.

1963 Hawking suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Luger's disease) at the age of 2 1 year. He is completely paralyzed, unable to speak, and only three fingers can move in his hand. 1979 served as Lucas professor of mathematics from 2009 to 2009. His main research fields are cosmology and black holes. He proved the singularity theorem and black hole area theorem of general relativity, and put forward the black hole evaporation theory and the borderless Hawking universe model.

An important step has been taken in unifying the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century-the theory of relativity founded by Einstein and quantum mechanics founded by Planck. He was awarded the honors of CH (Lord Honorary of England), CBE (Commander of the British Empire), FRS (Member of the Royal Society) and FRSA (Member of the Royal Art Association).

3. Thomas Alva Edison

1847 February1-1931June 5438+00 October 18, was born in Milan, Ohio, USA, and died in West Orange, New Jersey, USA. Inventors and entrepreneurs.

Edison was the first person in human history to make use of a large number of production principles and electrical engineering research laboratories to patent inventions, which had a far-reaching impact on the world. His invention of the phonograph, movie camera and electric light had a great influence on the world. He had more than 2,000 inventions and 1000 patents in his life. Edison was named the ninth among 100 people who influenced the United States by the authoritative American periodical Atlantic Monthly.

4. Mikkola Copernic

1473 February19-1543 On May 24th, at the age of 70, he was a Polish astronomer, mathematician, doctor of church law and priest in the Renaissance.

When Copernicus was 40 years old, he put forward Heliocentrism, which denied the authority of the church and changed people's views on nature and themselves. At that time, the Roman Catholic Church thought that his Heliocentrism violated the Bible. Copernicus still firmly believed in Heliocentrism and thought that Heliocentrism was not contradictory to him. After years of observation and calculation, he completed his masterpiece "The Theory of the Operation of Celestial Bodies".

Copernicus' "Heliocentrism" corrected people's world outlook. Copernicus was a giant in the European Renaissance. He devoted his whole life to astronomical research, leaving a valuable legacy to future generations.

5. Marie Curie

1867165438+1October 7-1934 was born in Warsaw on July 4, and is called "Madame Curie". Her full name is Marie Sklodowska Curie (Maria Sk? Odowska Curie), a famous Polish scientist, physicist and chemist in France.

1903 Mr. and Mrs. Curie and becquerel won the Nobel Prize in physics for their research on radioactivity.191kloc-0/won the Nobel Prize in chemistry again in, becoming the first person in the world to win the Nobel Prize twice.

Madame Curie's achievements include initiating the theory of radioactivity, inventing the technology of separating radioactive isotopes, and discovering two new elements: polonium and radium. Under her guidance, people used radioisotopes to treat cancer for the first time. Due to long-term exposure to radioactive substances, Madame Curie died of malignant leukemia on July 3, 1934.