How do metal smelters and welders prevent manganese poisoning?

Manganese deficiency and manganese poisoning can cause manganese deficiency when the intake of manganese in food is insufficient, too many components such as calcium, phosphorus and iron in food interfere with the absorption of manganese, or digestive tract diseases interfere with the absorption of manganese. Manganese deficiency can cause the following diseases: ① osteoporosis, skeletal deformity, cartilage injury, fatigue, backache, premature tooth loss and easy fracture in middle-aged and elderly people; Growth retardation and skeletal malformation in children. ② Peroxide dismutase in human body has anti-aging effect. This enzyme contains manganese, but it has no anti-aging effect when manganese is deficient. ③ Severe manganese deficiency in human body can lead to infertility, even stillbirth and deformed baby. , male androgen secretion decreased. The normal function of the brain needs manganese, which can lead to mental retardation, ADHD and even epilepsy and schizophrenia. The biggest harm of manganese deficiency to children is to interfere with the normal function of the brain, make mental retardation, suffer from ADHD and induce epilepsy. So pay attention to prevention and treatment. The prevention and treatment of manganese deficiency is mainly diet therapy. As long as there is no partial eclipse, there is generally no need to supplement manganese. Pregnant women, nursing mothers and children should appropriately increase foods containing manganese. The content of manganese in coarse grains, walnuts, peanuts and green leafy vegetables is high, so children should eat more, which is beneficial to intellectual development and prevention of ADHD. Long-term exposure to manganese compounds can lead to manganese poisoning. The early manifestations are fatigue, dizziness, headache, insomnia, weakness of lower limbs, difficulty in walking, walking trembling, unstable gait and difficulty in retreating. Severe poisoning can also cause speech disorders, such as slurred speech, difficulty in pronunciation, incoherent speech, stuttering, limb tremor, writing difficulty, smaller and smaller words, dull expression, unnatural laughter, memory loss, mental retardation, emotional instability, impulsive behavior and so on. Some people also have fever and difficulty breathing. Because the symptoms of manganese poisoning are caused by the decrease of dopamine synthesis in the brain caused by excessive manganese, it is the fundamental measure to prevent manganese poisoning and prevent manganese from polluting diet and environment. Manganese poisoning should be treated in a hospital as soon as possible. If it is caused by food pollution, gastric lavage should be done first, and then catharsis should be conducted. Manganese can be treated with disodium edetate and sodium dimercaptosuccinate, and levodopa and amantadine can be used for patients with limb tremor. Ordinary people should not be partial to seafood. Many foods with unqualified tableware contain manganese, such as seafood and tea. And some unqualified tableware or cookware will also cause manganese smoke to volatilize; In addition, some textile bleaches, desiccants for varnishes, strong oxidants for disinfection and bleaching, and gasoline antiknock agents also contain manganese. To this end, experts suggest: no partial eclipse: try not to be partial eclipse, especially some seafood. Because every food contains certain trace elements, long-term accumulation will cause manganese or other trace elements to exceed the standard. Stainless steel cookware should not be heated too high or burned in the air: heating the cookware in the air or at high temperature will lead to the volatilization of metal smoke in the cookware, which may cause chronic manganese poisoning in the long run. Stainless steel kitchenware is not suitable for long-term storage of acidic food: long-term storage of acidic food may not lead to the dissolution of manganese, but it may lead to the dissolution of other metal elements such as chromium, causing other metals to exceed the standard. Metal smelters and welders should strengthen protection. Patients with chronic manganese poisoning are mainly workers engaged in certain special types of work, which are rare in daily life. For example, when workers engaged in various metal smelting heat minerals to extract various metal elements such as mercury, manganese, copper and magnesium, some metal elements will volatilize to produce smoke or dust, which will directly enter the human body through the respiratory tract. In addition, welders are often exposed to manganese. In the welding process, the smoke of manganese in covered electrode will volatilize into human body, so welders should also pay attention to prevent manganese from exceeding the standard. The manganese concentration in the workshops of some metal smelters shall not exceed the national regulations. Workers should also improve their awareness of protection, such as wearing safety helmets, masks and gloves at work and regularly going to professional testing institutions for occupational health examination.