Characteristics of architectural style of sand surface

The architectural style of Shamian is characterized by more English and French styles, belonging to European architecture.

Shamian, once called Shi Cuizhou, is named Shamian because it is a sandbar alluvial by the Pearl River. Shamian is located in the southwest of Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, bordering the Pearl River White Swan Pond in the south and Shojaei Chung in the north, facing an island on Liuersan Road, with eight streets and lanes, covering an area of 0.3 square kilometers. During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shamian was an important trade and tourism destination in China. After the Opium War, Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (186 1) became a British and French concession.

Shamian is an important commercial port in Guangzhou. After a hundred years, more than a dozen countries have set up consulates in Shamian, nine foreign banks and more than 40 foreign firms have opened in Shamian, and Guangdong Customs Club and Guangzhou Club have been established in Shamian. Shamian has become the epitome of China's modern history and concession history, and the European architecture on Shamian Island has formed a unique open-air building "museum".

The main buildings are:

Lutheran Catholic Cathedral of Notre Dame

Notre Dame Cathedral is a building in the French Concession. It was originally named Shamian Catholic Church. It is named after the original building of Mount Notre Dame in the south of the church garden, where Luther's Madonna is placed. It was founded by the believers of the French Consulate in Guangzhou who lived a religious life.

The church is located in the northeast corner of the junction of Shamian Street and Shamian First Street. It consists of lobby, priest building, nun building and Notre Dame. The lobby is in front, the priest building is in the east, the nun building is in the west, and Notre Dame is in the east. There are two attached buildings, one is a two-story building and the other is a bungalow. The church is basically well preserved. On the facade, the spires of the main doors and windows and the small spires at the four corners of the tower, the complex lighting windows and prism stacks on the octagonal pyramid roof, and the small pointed arches and buttresses that pollinate from top to bottom. It embodies the mystery and yearning of the Catholic Church for "heaven". ?

Guangdong Foreign Affairs Museum

Guangdong Foreign Affairs Museum is the first local foreign affairs museum in China. It is located at No.20 Shamian South Street, Guangzhou. It is a baroque building built in 1890. It was originally the French consulate in Guangzhou during the Republic of China. It is an A-level cultural relic in Shamian complex and a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Walking into the Guangdong Foreign Affairs Museum, you will not only have the opportunity to learn about many important events that have happened in Guangdong, a major foreign affairs province for half a century, but also see more than 200 precious foreign affairs gifts presented to Guangdong by 22 friendly provinces and states in the world. In addition to collecting Guangdong's foreign affairs gifts and pictures of important foreign affairs activities since the reform and opening-up, the museum has also specially used the space of spiral stairs to display more than ten old photos of the sand surface a hundred years ago, one of which records the figure of a Westernization translator dragging a long braid and wearing a long coat a hundred years ago. "This should be a photo of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China." Liu Lu said that this old photo hanging in the lobby on the second floor not only fully reflects the scenery of Shamian West Bridge in those days, but also shows that westernization translators who walked in the British and French consular district still have clean clothes.

Shamian Christian church

Shamian Christian Church is a church set up by the Anglican Church in Shamian Guangzhou British Concession for foreigners to worship. Located in Shamian Fifth Street, built at 1864. Located at the western end of the concession, it is managed by the Hong Kong-Guangdong diocese of the Chinese Anglican Church, and has been presided over by a British priest and worships in English. Shamian Christian Church is one of the few well-preserved century-old Christian buildings in Guangzhou, so many newcomers will regard it as one of the necessary attractions for wedding photos when they get married in Guangzhou. After the Second World War, the China government reclaimed the concession, and the church was handed over to the South China parish of China Anglican Church. After 1949, it was occupied by government departments. In 1980, it was taken back by two provincial Christian associations. In199/kloc-0, religious activities were resumed, which was called Shamian Temple.

Customs building

The Customs Building is a building in the French Concession, which used to be the Customs Building. Before liberation, the "Red Chamber" was a club of Guangdong Customs, and only middle and senior officials were eligible to stay. After liberation, it was used as a dormitory for customs officers.

The building was designed and built by Australian architect Pane and Chi Ping Foreign Firm. The building faces south and is located at the eastern end of Shamian Street. Because of its special location, unique shape and bright colors, it has become a landmark building of sand surface. Because the main color is red, people call it "the red chamber". Because the main color of the Soviet consulate at the western end of Shamian Island is also red, it is called "East Red Building".

HSBC

The former HSBC is located in the northeast corner of Shamian Street and Shamian Fourth Street. The building plane is rectangular in the north-south direction, with chamfers in the southeast and southwest directions. The entrance and exit of the lower section adopts the classical shanhuamen with gray granite in the west, and the radial decorative lines are hooked above the shanhuamen. In order to be symmetrical, three windows are also made into mountain flower doors. Other long windows have big round windows at the top. The corner is gray granite, and the wall between the windows is covered with granite-like water brush stones, and the horizontal lines drawn imitate the classical piled boulders.

The upper part consists of the fourth floor and the roof. The fourth floor elevation highlights the tower in the southwest corner of the roof. Both the tower top and the tower body are made of the classical Wufeng Pavilion in Xia Xing. The dome of the hemispherical shell is added to the drum base to form the top of the tower, and a flagpole is erected on the arc top. Seen from the tower, four square columns with Palladio-style columns stand on the railing as decoration. The tower foundation adopts baroque phoenix lattice, and the lower part of four structural square columns of the tower body has two sections of anti-arc rib feet. In order to emphasize the vertical lines in the middle part, giant columns pass through the second and third floors of the corridor. The square columns on the west side are symmetrically arranged and stacked, with Roman Doric double columns, and the square columns are stacked at the junction of the square columns. The square column layout of the south facade is the same as that of the west facade, except that the column is single column. Roman Doric colossal columns, strictly following classical procedures.