on location

Simply put, any photo taken by portrait formula composition method can be called formula composition photo. That is to say, in the photo screen, portraits are the mainstay, while in the composition, photos taken with close-ups, busts, seven avatars or the whole body as the theme can all be called formula composition photos. This is a minor but popular photo type in wedding and art photography.

When taking pictures, you can directly blur the background and scene outside the theme with short depth of field. In portrait photography, this kind of photo is the simplest formula for portrait photography. As long as you use a long focal length lens (120 camera is about 250mm, 135 camera is about 135 mm), you can easily take this type of photos. Apply the formula composition method directly when taking pictures, without paying too much attention to other photography techniques such as lighting. The only thing to pay attention to is that the shape of the characters should be changed frequently to avoid mediocre and unchanging composition.

Because this shooting method only relies on the short depth-of-field function of long-focus lens and the effect of formula composition method, its value in photography technology is relatively general, and it has not been highly evaluated in photography art, but it is the most ideal and popular photo type for consumers who only pay attention to close-up portraits, so professional portrait photographers should be familiar with the shooting methods of this kind of photos to meet the needs of the photography market.

Reaction and discussion of photography market

This is a very popular photo type in the photography market, and it is a photo of business representatives in wedding and art photography. After all, every photographer who goes to a photography company likes to see himself photographed as a star, rather than taking photos of his life at home. Therefore, in every photo album, most consumers will choose this type of photo, and the market acceptance ranks first among all photo types.

Description of key shooting techniques

1. Take the long focal length lens as the main shooting lens (about 250mm lens for 120 camera or about 135 lens for135 camera), and take its short depth of field function.

2. According to the principle of portrait formula composition method, close-up, half-length, seven-point or full-body composition can be taken directly, about 5-8 steps away from the subject.

3. During exposure, according to the characteristics of portrait photography, the aperture compensation of 1 ~ 2 should be turned on to make the facial texture brighter. The light on people's faces is soft and bright, which is the focus of this kind of photos.

4. In order to create bright eyes, it is best to place a reflector or whiteboard in front of the portrait to make the eyes reflect bright spots.

5. When printing, it is best to follow the post-processing skills and soft focus treatment to completely soften the skin and make the whole photo soft.

6. You have to change the shape or props of the theme characters, otherwise the visual focus of the photos will remain unchanged, and the shortcomings of composition, depth of field and shooting techniques will be exposed. Analysis of photo features and styles

To put it simply, any photo taken by the composition method of landscape art can be called a landscape art type photo. Most of the pictures show portraits and landscapes. That is to say, when taking pictures, the pictures are not all based on portraits, but more emphasis is placed on the dual performance of portraits and scenery, and photos are interpreted from the perspective of artistic creation. It does not have certain formula techniques such as composition and lighting, and it depends on the photographer's own accomplishments in artistic photography to give photos vitality. Therefore, mastering the dual artistic expression of portraits and landscapes is the greatest feature and value of this kind of photos. Because this type of photo needs a large actual scene, it is the only photo type that is difficult to express in the shed photography, and it is easy to complete only when shooting on location. If you can't make a breakthrough in composition, lighting and other photography techniques, take such photos as ordinary travel photos or life photos. The success or failure of art is often only between a line, and anyone with a certain photographic ability can appreciate this key. However, if the composition ability is outstanding and the photography skills such as lighting are handled properly, a high level of photography can be achieved. So the photographer's shooting skills play a decisive role in shooting.

Reaction and discussion of photography market

People with certain artistic appreciation like the aesthetic conception of such photos, but it is not easy for ordinary consumers to appreciate such photos. Because most of the portraits in this kind of photos account for less than half of the picture, they don't have the close-up feeling of the photos of ordinary public stars, and most consumers are unwilling to spend money on photos without their own big heads. Unless you meet someone who has a deep understanding of photography taste, you should take as few photos of this type as possible, so as to avoid serious frustration caused by not being appreciated by ordinary consumers, and then affect the correct goal of pursuing artistic expression.

Description of key shooting techniques

1. Design the modeling style of the theme portrait, choose the scene suitable for the overall performance, and do a good job in the preliminary theme and scene design.

2. We should cultivate the ability of aesthetic composition at ordinary times, and draw up the overall composition scheme between the theme portrait and the scene when shooting. Don't fall into the stereotype of portrait formula composition, take close-ups

3. Analyze the application of lighting on the spot, fuse the main body of the portrait to be photographed by addition and subtraction, and control the outstanding performance of lighting in the scene environment without falling into the common problems of general commemorative photos.

4. Control the length of the depth of field, create a touching and advanced depth of field performance, and don't fall into the messy mode of ordinary life photos.

5. Choose the most suitable photo opportunity to press the shutter, grasp the vitality of the portrait and the artistic sense of the scene, and shoot a perfect portrait with scenery. Analysis of photo features and styles

Black and white color matching photos were taken with black and white negatives. After the negative film is developed by single processing, not only ordinary pure black and white photos can be developed, but also color photos with only one tone can be overprinted on color paper through color printing. This process can be handled by ordinary color printing. Moreover, these single-tone photos can also be changed into any other single-tone photos by color matching when printing in the same color, such as Danhong, Single Orange, Single Yellow or Single Blue. This type of photo is usually called a black-and-white color matching type photo. The monochrome sense of this kind of photos can give people a unique feeling, and it is an indispensable photo type in wedding photography and artistic photography.

Reaction and discussion of photography market

Anyone who knows photography knows that black-and-white photos are quite eye-catching, and they can also be changed into any other monochrome pictures. Therefore, this type of photos is also very popular in the market. Just from the perspective of wedding photography, taking too many pictures will lack a sense of joy, so there should be a suitable proportion of pictures for customers to choose from. Neither too much nor not at all.

Description of key shooting techniques

1. The most important thing to take this kind of photo is the choice of negative. As long as black and white negatives are used, the tone of this photo can be developed.

2. In the process of shooting, we should pay attention to the color of background and props, especially gray, because too black and white background, props or clothes will make the photos produce all-black or all-white reaction when they are developed, which is the common sense of shooting black and white photos. Only when the gray scale system is suitable, the single tone of color printing overprint will have rich hierarchical performance.

3. When taking black-and-white photos, you can get beautiful colors by controlling the exposure correctly. Different from the color negative film shooting method commonly used by ordinary portraits, more than two exposures are often used to compensate. Only by correct exposure can we avoid the loss of saturated sound.

4. Now there is another kind of negative film produced by Ilford factory on the market, which can be developed directly in color without the manual development process of black and white medicine, and the shooting effect is the same, which is a more convenient negative film.

5. After shooting and developing the negative, you can develop a pure black-and-white photo through the black-and-white printing process. Or through the printing process of color printing, a single-tone photo is printed. Analysis of photo features and styles

Positive and negative photos are taken with positive films, but when developing negative films, instead of using normal E-6 developer, ordinary negative films are developed with C-4 1, which makes the original normal positive films become negative films, and the normal colors cannot be obtained by using this color film base, instead, it becomes extremely gorgeous color expression. Its biggest feature is that the picture will produce extremely bright colors, with great contrast between black and white and extremely narrow exposure latitude. It is the most difficult shooting type to control exposure among all professional wedding photography and artistic photography techniques.

Reaction and discussion of photography market

It is difficult to control the exposure of such photos, but if they are taken successfully, the pictures will be unique and eye-catching. Therefore, both the response of consumers and the evaluation of general professional photographers are quite high. It's just that there are not many photographers who can take such photos well now. After all, unlike the 160-degree negative used in general professional portrait photography, the exposure latitude is large and the contrast is low, so it is easy to shoot soft portraits. Moreover, in order to avoid the complexity of exposure and light ratio and prevent failure, general photographers usually stay in close-up photos of portrait formula composition types that are easier to shoot. Therefore, at present, most of these photos owned by consumers are close-up compositions, and it is difficult to have high-level works beyond this composition.

In fact, if we can use the portrait composition of landscape art type and master the skills of scene, light ratio and color planning to shoot such photos, then the color and saturation of the works can surpass the level of portrait formula composition type photos and reach the peak of portrait photography art.

Key points of shooting, technical description

1. There are two key techniques in shooting. One is the proper choice of negative film (actually positive film).

In the light environment with sufficient light source, or hope to achieve the effect of strong contrast and perfect portrait texture.

When shooting, you can use positive films with medium and low sensitivity, such as 64-degree and 100-degree, and you can

So as to obtain quite saturated and gorgeous timbre. It's just the positive exposure latitude pole of this sensitivity

Narrow, light ratio control is not careful, it will fail to expose, showing underexposed dark brown or overexposed.

Dead white.

To avoid exposure failure, or to obtain a soft contrast tone, 200 can be used.

At present, the most widely used slide on the market is the 200-degree slide, because

Its exposure latitude is wide, and it is a kind of film with good shooting effect and soft contrast. It should also be noted that,

Some brands of positive films will be biased towards extreme yellow tones or foreign colors after this abnormal treatment.

Red, bright green and other colors, of course, this is also related to the color temperature when taking pictures. In short, photographers should follow their own

Adjust according to your own preferences to get the ideal color.

2. The second is the control of light ratio. When taking this type of photo, it is necessary to calculate the light ratio of the whole picture perfectly, that is, the contrast between the bright part and the dark part should not exceed three levels, otherwise it will form the extremely black or white Gao Fancha phenomenon and make the picture lose its halftone color. Especially when shooting a white dress in wedding photography, if the light is not properly controlled, only dead white will appear, and there is no intermediate tone. It is best to open one more file for the overall negative exposure, so that the most saturated color can be obtained when developing photos. The most taboo is underexposure, which will make the photos form ugly deep earthy tones.

3. In the post-processing, use printing soft focus as little as possible, otherwise it is easy to form black hair on the face of the portrait and penetrate into the white part, which becomes a very strange phenomenon. This is an inherent soft focus phenomenon in general post-processing, but it is more prominent in the photos of negative film development. Analysis of photo features and styles

Coarse-grained photos, that is, the image particles on the photo screen give people a rough feeling, which is similar to the special effect produced by screening when printing and enlarging, and is different from other photo types that pursue saturation and detailed texture. Because the image particles of this kind of photos are coarse, the density is not enough, the contrast between black and white is not very big, the dark parts of the photos will not appear too dark, and the bright parts will not appear too light. The colors and tones of the whole picture are relatively light and soft, which is a relatively elegant and artistic photo type.

Reaction and discussion of photography market

Generally, unique and elegant people can appreciate the style of this kind of photos, and those who have studied photography have a special liking for this kind of photos. However, some people who lack the concepts of photography and art often can't accept the rough texture on the screen, and will think that this is caused by amateur or non-professional film shooting, and even think that photographers are suspected of cutting corners. Therefore, when taking this kind of photos, it is best to know about the artistic quality of customers, so as to avoid self-defeating and futile.

Description of key shooting techniques

1. Using ultra-high sensitivity film shooting method: This is the easiest way to get coarse particles in the image. If you like this kind of photos, you can choose a high-sensitivity negative, such as 800-degree or 1600-degree film, and shoot it with a 135mm camera, and the effect will be more obvious after enlargement. When developing photos, because the emulsion of the negative film itself is coarse particles with high sensitivity, it will naturally get a rougher image than the general negative film. Moreover, when a small negative is enlarged into a large photo, the phenomenon of coarse particles will be more obvious (135 benefits of film).

2. Use negative sensitized development method: that is, shoot with sensitized negative film of about 400 degrees, which is deliberately smaller than secondary exposure, and the underexposed part is compensated by increasing the development time during the development of negative film. Because the negative film stays in the developer for a long time, the photosensitive particles will become coarse, which is the commonly used sensitized development method. People who use this method need to remember the exact number of underexposed documents when taking pictures, so as to ask the printing company to compensate according to the formula. Because the new negatives introduced by various manufacturers now have quite detailed picture quality, this kind of sensitized development method is not effective; But in the past, this was the most commonly used technique in photography.

3. High magnification: The image texture will become rough when the negative is magnified at high magnification, so as to achieve the effect of rough texture. Generally, when the negative film is enlarged or enlarged by more than two times, the image particles will become rough due to the enlargement, and can be seen clearly by the naked eye at high magnification.

You can also use coarse lens and screen printing technology to get photos with the same coarse texture. No matter which way is adopted, it's best to take a shot with the exposure slightly less than one file, so that the printed photos will be thicker (the dog's head can be of great use ~ ~).

In outdoor dusk, sunrise or low light environment, you must use supplementary light to take a perfect portrait photo. If a general flash is used as a supplementary light source, the atmosphere of the picture will be insufficient because its scattered light area is too large. Professional photographers generally use 3200K constant light as a supplementary light source of spotlight type. This kind of spotlight constant current lamp with yellow color temperature will form a special feeling, with bright yellow theme and dark natural background. Because of its bright color temperature and light ratio, it is often used for outdoor photography, and the photos taken by this method are generally called constant light complementary photos.

Reaction and discussion of photography market

Because of its outstanding color temperature and illumination, this type of photos are widely used in the professional photography market and are deeply loved by customers. Just pay attention to the fill light of the spotlights. If the fill light value is too strong, the color and luminosity of the background will be relatively weakened, and the contrast of the photo background will be too dark, which is unacceptable to wedding photographers, but the customer response of artistic photos is better, because the creative style of artistic photos can pursue special performance.

Description of key shooting techniques

1. Timing: This kind of photos are taken about one hour before or after sunrise or sunset, and the effect is perfect. At this time, the sky or environment belongs to the light condition with low light value, which can show the light supplement effect of artificial light source. It is also ideal to use this polishing technology in forests and places with poor brightness.

2. Prepare spotlight-type constant lamp equipment: you can buy a DC solar lamp for video recording, but its lampshade needs to be changed into a four-leaf cover with adjustable projection area, otherwise its light source scattering area will be too large, which will have the shortcomings of ordinary flash lamps. Car headlights can also be used instead, and its spotlight projection effect is also good, but the light value is a little weak (generally 50W quartz lamp), so it is necessary to increase the exposure time to compensate, or replace it with a quartz bulb with higher power.

3. Other equipment: When shooting this kind of photos, because the brightness of the subject and background is very weak, it is necessary to bring a tripod to prevent vibration, as well as an exposure meter and a filter that can change the color temperature. Using C 12 blue filter can change the yellow-orange color temperature of 3200K to the normal color temperature of about 5400 K. You can also ask the printing company to modify the photos when developing them. Analysis of photo features and styles

This is the most commonly used shooting technique by general photography companies and amateur photographers. That is to say, when taking pictures, install various special effect filters in front of the camera, so that the taken photos can show the image effect that the filters should have. There are many filters of various brands on the market, and their effects are different. Readers can refer to the brochures of various brands to understand the effect of each filter. Generally speaking, filters that blur the image around the theme or make the image soft focus, radial and fuzzy are commonly used.

Therefore, this photography technique and effect are purely caused by the function of the filter, so in some academic discussions, the evaluation of its photography technology is not high. But there is no doubt that it can enhance the aesthetic feeling of the picture and enhance the creative function. For professional photographers with market concept, they should understand and use it from many aspects.

Reaction and discussion of photography market

For ordinary consumers, this type of photos is full of novel effects, and the stunt images on the screen are usually invisible in family photos, so the response of the photography market is very good. Especially the photos with soft focus effect have become the mainstream of portrait photography market. Generally, there are no photos beautified by soft focus filter, because facial skin and defects are too clear, so they are not loved by consumers. Therefore, the most basic soft focus filter processing is also the filter effect that can best meet the needs of ordinary customers.

Description of key shooting techniques

1. This type of photo doesn't need much photography technology, just refer to the filter instructions of various brands. All kinds of filters are usually placed directly in front of the lens.

2. When shooting, you should know more about the filter you use and what kind of focal length lens works best. Generally speaking, the effect of standard lens is the most ideal, followed by wide-angle lens, telescopic lens and high-power lens because of the short depth of field, the effect is not obvious. So do more experiments to avoid failing to achieve the expected results.

3. In addition, the most important point is that the aperture value will also affect the filter effect. For soft-focus lenses, the larger the aperture, the more hazy the shooting effect; The smaller the aperture, the clearer the shooting effect and the denser the image particles. Therefore, how to control the use under the ideal aperture should be an important technology for professional photographers. 、

4. Finally, attention should be paid to exposure compensation, especially color filters. According to the instructions of the original factory, the aperture should be opened as compensation to get beautiful saturated photos.