Common methods of macro photography

Macro photography is a special photography mode different from conventional photography. Macro photography is a close shot of related objects, which can get a larger image than the original object, and the magnification is above 1. Common ways are:

1. Use a macro lens.

2. Use the reverse connection method

Use docking mode

Step 4 use a writing ring

Use snake belly

Buy a lens with macro function, and its macro is not expressed by the nearest shooting distance, but by the magnification, such as 1∶4. Macro lens is commonly known as "macro lens", but macro lens is not necessarily shot at "micro" close range. Some zoom lenses set macro files at the telephoto end (or short focal end), while others can shoot macro at all focal segments. The correct name should be "Pang Jing", and "micro" means tiny. For example, "microscope" means microscope.

Close-range photography is a science with irresistible charm. Macro photography can be achieved in the following ways:

1) adopts a special macro lens, which is expensive but the imaging quality can be guaranteed.

2) Macro gear zoom lens is a popular way, which is convenient and flexible to use. Most amateurs use this method. However, the images taken by the telephoto end and the short telephoto end of the zoom lens are different.

3) Using the connecting ring, the image distance is changed by increasing the length of the lens barrel to achieve the purpose of magnification. According to the principle of convex lens imaging, when the image distance is increased to twice the focal length, the image is the same size as the real object. Because the connecting ring is placed behind the lens, it is not flexible enough and affects the exposure. This method is often used to reproduce1:1slides.

4) The same principle as the joint ring is to use a retractable close-up skin cavity, which is more flexible and extensible than the joint ring with a fixed length, and can be photographed with an image ratio of 10: 1. This can make good works, especially when shooting flowers or insects. 5) The cheapest way is to use the "close-up lens", screw the screws in front of the lens, and achieve the purpose of macro photography by shortening the shooting distance. Due to the addition of Dan Toujing, the original lens combination is changed, which will cause spherical aberration and distortion, reduce the image edge quality, and narrow the aperture during operation.

6) Experienced people can reverse the lens to the fuselage. First, set the focus to a short distance. The focus can only be observed by moving back and forth, and the standard lens can reach1:1.

Microphotography skillfully condenses inconspicuous details into abstract patterns. Most fans have pursued magnificent scenery with heavy equipment. In fact, when we aim at trivial things with a macro lens, we can also have a wonderful world in our field of vision. In this expanded field of vision, everything will be worth stopping and staring at.

Another interesting question: Why is it easy for consumer digital cameras to take macro photos?

The strict definition of macro photography should be as follows: macro photography refers to the optical ability of a camera to shoot an image as big (1: 1) or slightly smaller than the actual object through the lens. For example, if you want to shoot a flower with a diameter of 2 1.6mm, it can fill half the area of 35mm film (diagonal length is 43.3mm). The magnification of the flowers in the photo is 43.3∶2 1.6 or 2∶ 1(2 times). The magnification of macro photography is usually between 1 and 50 times, and strictly speaking it should be between 1 and 10 times.

In fact, the macro lens is designed to make the lens farther away from the film (or CCD). If you want to get the magnification of1:1(that is, the size of the image on the film is the same as the real thing), the distance from the lens center to the film needs to be equal to twice the focal length. Generally, the focal length of traditional camera lenses is relatively long. Except for the special macro lens, the general lens will not be designed too far away from the imaging machine when focusing.

Small DC Due to the small area of the photosensitive device, the actual focal length of the lens is very short. Generally, the focal length of the wide-angle end is only a few millimeters, so you can get a good macro effect by keeping the lens slightly away from the CCD in design, and it is also very easy in mechanical design, so the macro function of small DC is easier to realize than that of traditional cameras.

From the above explanation, we can understand why digital cameras have strong macro capability-it is precisely because the size of the sensor is much smaller than that of 35mm film. For example, a small digital camera (assuming a focal length multiple of 4 times) is used to shoot the above-mentioned flowers with a diameter of 2 1.6mm, and its magnification is 1: 2, while the required magnification of a film camera is 2: 1. This shows that small digital cameras are easier to obtain macro shooting effects than film cameras.

Of course, when small digital cameras take macro photography, the depth of field control is mostly poor.

1, magnification:

A commonly used term in macro photography refers to the ratio of the size of an image to the size of an object on film. For example, 1: 2 means that the size of the image on the film is half that of the real thing. Usually there are enlarged marks on the macro lens. One of the skills of macro shooting is to determine the approximate magnification in advance according to the size of the subject, focus the lens in advance, and then shoot close to the subject.

2. Loss of light

Lenses designed with symmetrical optical devices have no additional optical elements, and lose light macroscopically, which can be calculated by the following formula:

Effective aperture = lens aperture x (magnification+1), that is, at1:1,the light flux of the lens is 75% less than that at infinity, that is, the effective aperture will be twice the original aperture, that is, the light loss will be 2 levels; When 1∶2, the loss of light also reached the first level. However, many modern newly designed macro mirrors are asymmetrical, so the degree of light loss is different. However, most lens specifications do not list this information. If you want to compare, you need to refer to the manual or the opinions of film friends. At present, most cameras have TTL photometry, which can automatically calculate lens loss, so the actual shooting will not affect exposure value. However, if you want to use the fuselage without TTL metering or external exposure meter, you need to know the loss of light characteristics of the lens you use first.