A brief introduction to the characteristics and customs of summer solar terms on solstice.

1, summer solstice solar terms are characterized by heavy rain, rainy weather, high temperature and high humidity.

(1) Convective weather: After the summer solstice, the ground is strongly heated and the air convection is strong, and thunderstorms often form in the afternoon to evening. This kind of hot thunderstorm comes and goes, and the rainfall range is small. People call it "dividing fields in summer and rain". Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, skillfully used this weather to write a famous poem, "The east rises and the west falls, and the road is sunny and sunny." The heavy precipitation brought by convective weather is not always as beautiful as described in the poem, and it often brings local disasters.

(2) Rainstorm weather: During the summer solstice, most parts of China have high temperature, abundant sunshine, rapid growth of crops and more physiological and ecological water demand. At this time, the precipitation has a great influence on agricultural output, and there is a saying that "raindrops are worth tens of millions in summer solstice". At this time, the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can generally meet the needs of crop growth. In most cases, during the "summer solstice" period, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Jianghuai basin are rainy and frequently rainstorm, which is easy to cause floods and even threaten people's lives and property. Attention should be paid to strengthening flood control work.

(3) Meiyu in Jianghuai: Summer solstice is the "Meiyu" season in Jianghuai area. This is the yellow ripening period of plums in Jiangnan. The air is very humid, and cold and warm air masses meet here to form a trough of low pressure, which leads to rainy weather. In this weather, the utensils are moldy and the human body feels uncomfortable. Some mosquitoes breed quickly, and some intestinal bacteria are easy to breed. At this time, we should pay attention to drinking water hygiene and try not to eat cold food to prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases.

(4) High temperature sauna. The summer solstice means that the hot weather officially begins and then gets hotter and hotter, so there is a folk saying that the summer solstice is not too hot. From summer to the future, although the direct point of the sun gradually moves southward, the days in most parts of the northern hemisphere are shorter and the nights are longer, but the heat radiated by the sun to the ground is still more than the heat radiated from the ground to the air, so the temperature will continue to rise in the future.

2, the custom of summer solstice:

(1) Sacrificing gods and ancestors is the harvest of summer solstice. Since ancient times, the custom of celebrating harvest and offering sacrifices to ancestors at this time is to pray for a good year. Therefore, the summer solstice, as a festival, was included in the ancient ritual of offering sacrifices to the gods. "Zhou Li Chun Guan" contains: "With the arrival of summer, go to local things." In the Zhou dynasty, sacrifices were made to gods from summer solstice, which meant to eliminate famine, hunger and death. The solstice of summer is just after the wheat harvest. Farmers not only thank God for the bumper harvest, but also pray for the "autumn report". Around the summer solstice, some places hold a grand "Summer Wheat Festival", which is the relic of the ancient "Summer Wheat Festival" activities.

(2) Summer and Shelter

On the solstice of summer, women give each other folding fans, powder cakes and other things. "Youyang Miscellaneous Gifts": "On the summer solstice, I had to leave when I joined the company." "Fan" produces wind; "Powder fat" is suitable for dispelling turbid qi caused by body heat and preventing miliaria. In the imperial court, after the "summer solstice", the royal family took out the ice cubes that were "stored in winter and used in summer" to "escape the heat", which was used by dynasties from the Zhou Dynasty and became a system.

(3) Eat noodles in the north and south from summer solstice. Since ancient times, there has been a saying in China that "noodles are eaten in winter and jiaozi is eaten in summer". Eating noodles in summer is an important custom in many areas. Because new wheat has appeared from summer to sun, eating noodles from summer to sun also means tasting new things.

(4) Summer solstice. Like the winter solstice, the summer solstice is an important folk festival in China, which was called "Summer Festival" and "Summer Solstice Festival" in ancient times. Before the Qing dynasty, there was a national holiday on the solstice of summer. I would go home to reunite with my relatives and drink a glass of wine to avoid the heat of summer. This is called summer break. It is recorded in Wenchang Miscellanies in the Song Dynasty: "From the date of the summer solstice, officials have three days off."