Is the art appreciation of college elective book design simple or natural?

Notes on the Compilation of the Standard Experimental Textbook of Art Curriculum in Ordinary Senior High Schools (Art Appreciation) (Optional)

Song Li

First, the teaching purpose of art appreciation class

Art appreciation, as one of the learning modules of fine arts in ordinary senior high schools, helps students learn to appreciate, identify and evaluate Chinese and foreign fine arts works, gradually improve their art appreciation ability, cultivate healthy aesthetic taste, and form feelings and positions that love Chinese national culture and respect world multiculturalism.

Second, write guiding ideology.

1. Through teaching, help students understand the scope, nature and characteristics of various art categories and the general context of Chinese and foreign art development.

2. Help students master the basic methods of art appreciation. Through the typical analysis of specific works, try to make students understand the relevant artistic viewpoints and laws of each class. It is important to understand and connect, and cultivate independent analytical ability, rather than remembering individual conclusions.

3. Inspire students to make use of local cultural resources and artistic phenomena, and conduct investigation and research in combination with the knowledge learned in class, and collect data (including recordings, sketches, statistics, investigation reports, etc. ), make your own analysis and judgment, and strengthen the connection between theory and practice.

Three, China art appreciation framework structure and teaching points.

China art appreciation course *** 18, and the art category includes arts and crafts, architecture, sculpture, painting and folk art. Due to the limitation of class hours, there are still some important categories that are not included, such as calligraphy, seal cutting and photography. The course content should take into account the vertical evolution and horizontal reference of artistic development as far as possible. Select representative authors and works of various categories in ancient and modern times, so that students can learn and understand the characteristics of this category by analogy in the learning process. In the teaching process, it is best to refer to the contents and images of teaching materials such as painting, sculpture, craft, design, calligraphy, seal cutting, photography, computer painting and computer design, so as to enrich relevant knowledge.

Lesson 1 "Learn something about art appreciation" (1 class)

This lesson is mainly to give students a general understanding of what art is. What are the main categories? Know what knowledge art appreciation should have, so as to cultivate students' interest and hobby in art and receive aesthetic education. Teaching can start with the description of art works. The process of recording is a process of careful observation, understanding and research on the works and authors, as well as a process of understanding and familiarizing with the artistic characteristics of this art category. Each lesson in this textbook has some introductions and comments on specific works, which can be used as a reference for students to learn and appreciate different kinds of works of art.

The second, third and fourth categories belong to arts and crafts, and the jade, painted pottery, porcelain and bronze ware involved in the course have made great artistic achievements in ancient China, which is an important contribution made by Chinese ancestors to human culture.

Lesson 2 "Division of Jade-Art of Ancient Jade" (1 class)

1. Looking at the occurrence and development of human aesthetic consciousness from the development of stone tools manufacturing, including understanding and mastering the modeling, texture, color, symmetry and order of materials; Distinguishing jade materials is an important development of human aesthetic understanding.

2. The appreciation and processing of the beauty of jade materials in ancient times reflected different aesthetic concepts in different times. In the late primitive society and Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, jade was endowed with special social significance and became a symbol of aristocratic social status and wealth. After the Han Dynasty, people paid special attention to its treasures.

3. Jade aesthetics has a far-reaching influence on China culture. In teaching, students can be inspired to understand the characteristics and artistic value of various arts and crafts, including jade, according to stories and vocabulary related to jade. Related links: modern jade, dental bone carving.

Lesson 3 "Life on Earth-Ancient Ceramics" (1 class)

1. The artistic achievements of painted pottery and plain pottery in primitive society. The main representatives of painted pottery are the Banpo type and Miaodigou type of Yangshao culture; Painted pottery works of Majiayao culture. The main representatives of plain pottery are black pottery and white pottery of Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture in Shandong Province. Pottery production in primitive society has completely mastered the laws of arts and crafts modeling and decoration.

2. The manufacture of ancient porcelain in China has an important influence on world culture. The achievements of ancient porcelain art are highlighted in the works of celadon, blue-and-white porcelain and colored porcelain.

3. Learning the tenth lesson "Ceramic Modeling Craft Making" of the Standard Experimental Textbook (Technology) (Elective) for Fine Arts Courses in Ordinary Senior High Schools can enable students to understand the characteristics of the design and production of ceramic art works and the general laws of arts and crafts from the aspects of ceramic raw materials, tools and craft techniques. Related Links: China Modern Ceramic Works.

Lesson 4 Chu King Won the Championship ── Bronze Art of Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1 class)

1. Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties was the peak of the development of ancient bronze art in China. From the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, they all made great achievements and formed different characteristics of the times.

2. The achievements of bronze art are reflected in modeling, ornamentation and inscriptions. The ritual vessels in bronzes are symbols of aristocratic political power, military power, theocracy and slave owners' wealth. The inscriptions on bronzes have important historical and cultural values and high calligraphy value.

3. In teaching, students should be guided to remember some important types and representative works of bronzes, and their modeling and decoration should be preliminarily analyzed.

The fifth and sixth lessons belong to ancient architecture. This course covers palace architecture and garden architecture. The Forbidden City in Beijing, the Temple of Heaven and Suzhou Gardens have all been named as World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.

Lesson 5 Symbols of Imperial Power ── The Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven (1 lesson)

1. The Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties is the highest-standard palace complex in ancient China, and it is the absolute embodiment of imperial power in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Forbidden City with three halls is also the center of Beijing.

2. The Tiantan in Beijing is the representative of temple architecture, and its main building is the Hall of Praying for the New Year, which uses various symbolic techniques to embody the function of worshipping heaven, and its shape is majestic and tall. Students should be inspired to strengthen their awareness of protecting the world cultural heritage in combination with the teaching content. Related links: ① Characteristics and architectural types of ancient buildings in China; ② The relationship between the Forbidden City and the urban layout of Beijing. ③ Modern architecture in China.

Lesson 6 "Wan Kai-Ancient Gardens" (1 class)

1. Ancient gardens in China include royal gardens, private gardens and temple gardens. The representative works of royal gardens are Beihai and Summer Palace in Beijing. The main representative of private gardens is Suzhou gardens.

2. China had rich experience in gardening in ancient times, and his representative theoretical works were called Landscape Metallurgy in Ming Dynasty. China gardens attach importance to the harmony between man and nature. Landscape design mostly aims at creating the artistic conception of landscape painting, and pursues the performance effect of "although it was created by people". However, in modern landscape management, due to the ignorance of ancient landscape design ideas, the landscape is often destroyed. It is necessary to combine the construction of local garden environment to inspire students to understand the characteristics of China gardens. Related links: ① Modern and contemporary architecture; 2 residence.

The seventh, eighth and ninth lessons belong to the art of sculpture. The ancient sculptures in China mainly include religious sculptures, mausoleum sculptures, architectural sculptures, portrait sculptures and various folk sculptures. In modern times, the inheritance of traditional sculpture art was interrupted, and modern and contemporary sculpture developed under the influence of western sculpture.

Lesson 7 "Life is worse than death ── Ancient Mausoleum Sculpture" (1 class)

1. Mausoleum sculptures include: memorial sculptures on the ground; The figurines and funerary objects buried in the tomb. Most of the memorial sculptures on the ground are stone carvings, and the carving techniques are relatively general, highlighting its ornamental effect in the square.

These figurines are made of various materials, such as pottery, wood, stone, copper, etc. Except for the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum, they are generally small in size, reflecting real life in many ways and vivid in image. Teaching can inspire students to compare the similarities and differences between two kinds of sculpture works and deepen their understanding of sculpture language.

Lesson 8 "Wonderful and Solemn-Religious Sculpture" (1 class)

1. Religious sculptures include different contents such as Buddhism and Taoism, and Buddhist sculptures play a leading role.

2. Religious sculpture remains mainly include: cave temple sculpture. The Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu, China, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, and Dazu Stone Carvings in Chongqing have all been rated as World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. The most prominent is the stone carving group of Fengxian Temple in Longmen Grottoes. Cave temple integrates architecture, sculpture and murals, and its long construction period clearly reflects the periodic changes of artistic development. At the beginning of the 20th century, some famous cave and temple sculptures were plundered and destroyed by imperialists.

3. Temple sculptures are made of clay sculptures, wood carvings, nails and other materials, most of which are clay sculptures, and the installation of clay sculptures plays an important role in the performance of works.

4. The authors of religious sculptures in China idealized all kinds of people in real life and created many religious sculptures with vitality. In teaching, it is necessary to inspire students to distinguish superstitious elements in religious art from successful artistic creation.

Lesson 9 "Advancing with the Times-Modern Sculpture" (1 class)

1. Urban environmental sculptures, including large-scale commemorative sculptures, are set in a square environment, which requires the sculptures to be general in language, with a strong sense of form and be able to adapt to multi-angle viewing. The coordination and harmony between large sculptures and the environment is very important.

2. Sculpture on the shelf: In teaching, students can be inspired to appreciate specific works, understand the differences between them and large-scale sculptures in terms of materials, performance, artistic language, etc., and then understand the different characteristics of works with different materials.

Lessons 10 to 15 belong to Chinese painting. The course content includes two parts: the tenth and eleventh lessons are tomb murals and religious murals, which are closely related to the seventh and eighth lessons. Related links are modern murals in China.

12- 15 There are three main types of Chinese painting: figure painting (including figure painting), landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting. Involving ancient works and modern works. We should try our best to combine the contents of these courses in teaching, so that students can have a more comprehensive understanding of Chinese painting.

Lesson 10 "Luxury in the Ghost World ── Tomb Murals" (1 class)

1. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, painting was regarded as a missionary tool to "educate others and help others". The court of Han and Tang Dynasties organized the creation of palace murals with the theme of praising heroes and setting an example for future generations, which had an important influence in history, but unfortunately it was not preserved. What can reflect the characteristics of social life and painting at that time are tomb murals, stone reliefs and brick reliefs since the Eastern Han Dynasty. Stone relief and brick relief are an artistic style between painting and sculpture, but painting is the main style. There are also stone carvings, line drawings or brick carvings (such as the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest in the Southern Dynasties and Rongqi Period).

2. The murals in the tombs of nobles involved some important political activities and life contents at that time, which had important cultural and historical values, and their expression techniques fully showed the characteristics of painting style at that time. It is an important object of studying ancient painting art.

Lesson 11 "Heaven and Earth-Religious Murals" (1 class)

1. The important representative of religious murals is the Buddhist murals from the Sixteen Countries to the Yuan Dynasty preserved in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. It works with sculptures, painting the cave walls, corridors and ceilings. The main themes of Buddhist murals are Buddhist stories and Buddhist stories. Stories of change, patrons, algae wells and so on. Buddhist paintings in the Tang Dynasty are the most brilliant.

2. The outstanding representative of temple murals is the Taoist murals in Yongle Palace of Shanxi Province in the Yuan Dynasty. The author inherited the experience of mural creation since the Tang and Song Dynasties, and successfully created the magnificent picture of the dynasty and Yuan Dynasty in Sanqing Hall and the paintings of Taoist immortals Lv Dongbin and Wang Zhongyang in the form of comic books.

Lesson 12 "Vivid Portrait-Figure Painting" (1 lesson)

1. The figure painting in figure painting was called "vivid" in ancient China, which emphasized the inner temperament of the object and was a wonderful part of ancient painting theory. Some images selected in this lesson are directly sketched, such as portraits of people in Ming and Qing dynasties; Some historical paintings with portrait characteristics, such as Walking Map; Although some of them are direct sketches, they idealize the objects, such as the portrait of Wang Shizhen made by Yu Sanding. As for "Han Xizai's Night Banquet", it was painted by the painter from memory.

2. Modern figure painting has absorbed the modeling factors of western painting, enhanced its expressive force, and made great achievements in expressing real life and reflecting the spiritual outlook of contemporary figures.

Lesson 13 Thousands of Miles Away-Ancient Landscape Painting (1 class)

1. Landscape painting rose very early, and the theory of landscape painting creation matured very early. Lin Gao Quan Zhi is a representative theoretical work. The development of China's landscape painting shows obvious stages. The Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty were highly mature periods of landscape painting. After the Yuan Dynasty, pale red landscapes and ink and wash landscapes rose, and literati painters became the mainstream of painting.

2. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in Song Dynasty is a giant ancient painting. The painting takes the Bianhe River as the main line, showing the urban and rural life of Bianliang (now Kaifeng), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming period, and praising the prosperity of industry and commerce. This is a documentary and a folk work. In the concept of Chinese people, "Jiangshan" is the motherland, and painters have a deep attachment to the motherland in their landscape painting creation. When the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin people, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which recorded the bustling scene of the capital, became a precious commemoration of the yearning for the motherland by the adherents of the Song Dynasty and was copied again and again.

Lesson 14 Modern Landscape Painting (1 class)

1.50 After the mid-1950s, great breakthroughs were made in the creation of new landscape paintings. The painter inherited the tradition of "reading thousands of books and walking on Wan Li Road" of the ancients, entered life and opened up a new artistic conception of painting. Break through the previous creative mode and form a new style of landscape painting.

Chinese painting has changed from traditional form to modern form. In addition to the content and expression, it is necessary to adapt to the changes of the times and the setting environment and make corresponding changes in form. There are so many mountains and rivers in the Great Hall of the People is a successful attempt in this regard.

Lesson 15 "Empathy for Vegetation-Flower and Bird Painting" (1 class)

1. Flower-and-bird painters paint flowers and convey the spirit for insects. Instead of sketching animals and plants, they express their love for nature and their feelings and sentiments through flowers and birds.

2. Flower-and-bird painting has techniques such as meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork, line drawing and boneless. In teaching, students can be guided to understand the spiritual connotation of flower-and-bird painting and the richness of Chinese painting techniques through the analysis of specific works.

Lesson 16 "Style of the Times-China Oil Painting" (1 class)

1. Oil painting, as a foreign painting, was quickly recognized in China, and developed into an important painting that kept pace with Chinese painting, playing a positive role in real life. In the 20th century, many representative painters and works appeared in China.

2. In teaching, students should understand that this is not only a question of introducing foreign paintings, but also a collision and blending of two cultural backgrounds, two artistic concepts, two modeling concepts and expression languages, as well as mutual absorption and reference. The basic training of European traditional oil painting and the trend of western modern art have great influence on contemporary art in China and its future development. It is necessary to inspire students to have an inclusive mind about world culture and learn from each other's strengths.

Lesson 17 "The Fate of the Nation-Woodcut and Comics" (1 class)

1. This lesson mainly introduces the characteristics of prints and cartoons, and expounds that woodcut is an important category of prints, and prints also include lithographs, copperplate prints and screen prints. Comics are not only humorous paintings, but also various paintings.

2. Woodcuts and cartoons played a powerful role in propaganda and agitation in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the democratic revolutionary movement, which was a glorious page in the history of modern art. At that time, the conditions were difficult, and many different types of painters also participated in the creation of woodcuts, cartoons and posters. In teaching, students can be inspired by these contents and realize the sense of mission that literary and art workers should have for the destiny and future of the country and nation. Related Links: War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Drama.

Lesson 18 "Beauty in the Folk-China Folk Art" (1 class)

1. Folk art has a rich variety, a long history and independent cultural and artistic value. Among them, folk paper-cutting has been listed in the representative list of human oral and intangible heritage (intangible heritage) after Kunqu Opera and Guqin in 2005. However, with the development of social life, many folk arts are on the verge of extinction. It is an urgent task to collect, study and preserve folk art works.

2. In teaching, students can be organized to investigate local folk art activities, and the internal relationship between the emergence and development of folk art and local historical and cultural environment and folk life. Understand the simple and healthy aesthetic taste and artistic creation spirit contained in the works, and know how to cherish and protect the cultural heritage of folk art related links: folk drama and folk literature.

Four, foreign art appreciation framework structure and teaching points

Lesson 1 "The Source of Rivers-Prehistoric Art and Ancient Egyptian Art"

This lesson is divided into three parts: prehistoric art, ancient Egyptian art and related links. The prehistoric art part mainly introduces the discovered human beings, the earliest cave paintings and figurines, and at the same time involves several main theories about the origin of art, so as to arouse students' further thinking about the origin of art. The ancient Egyptian art part focuses on the outstanding achievements of ancient Egypt in architecture, sculpture, painting and arts and crafts, so as to deepen the understanding of ancient Egyptian civilization and even the whole world civilization. Related links are specially designed for foreign art appreciation. It is a supplement and appropriate extension of the contents of various courses, thus expanding students' comprehensive understanding of ancient world civilization. It can be used as the content of students' self-study or extracurricular independent study.

Lesson 2 "The birthplace of classical art-Greek and Roman art"

This lesson is divided into three parts: ancient Greek art, ancient Roman art and related links. The part of ancient Greek art focuses on appreciating the most prominent and influential portrait sculptures and classic works in architectural art, including three modes created by ancient Greeks as an important foundation of western classical architecture. In the part of ancient Roman art, we emphasize the appreciation of various architectural types in ancient Rome that have the greatest influence on later generations, appreciate the representative works of the most distinctive portrait sculpture in ancient Roman sculpture art, and select the classic works of human body sculpture and classical architecture that were most obviously influenced by ancient Greek and Roman art during the European Renaissance and later, so as to deepen students' understanding of the far-reaching influence of ancient Greek and Roman art on later generations and get a preliminary understanding of the artistic tradition of western classical art.

The third lesson, "Spiritual comfort and sustenance-religious architecture"

The content of this lesson is divided into three parts according to the order of the emergence of the three major religions in the world-Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. We appreciate the most representative buildings of Buddhism, Christianity and Islam respectively, get a preliminary understanding and feeling of the historical and cultural value of religious buildings, treat religious art correctly, and further learn the methods of appreciating architectural art, especially how architectural art embodies certain ideas. There are also "related links" in this class to broaden students' horizons.

Lesson 4 "Giants come forth in large numbers-European Renaissance Art"

This lesson focuses on the five most representative artists of European Renaissance art, especially the "three giants" of Italian Renaissance art-Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael. Each of them has a separate section, focusing on the analysis of their classic works, from which they can experience the artistic charm of classic works and learn how to appreciate the classic works of western classical art. In the "related links" part of this lesson, some other important artists and classic works of the European Renaissance are emphatically introduced, so as to broaden students' horizons, deepen their understanding and understanding of the great historical period of the European Renaissance and appreciate the cultural value of art.

Lesson 5 Tradition and Innovation —— From Baroque Art to Romanticism

This course is divided into five parts: baroque art,17th century Dutch painting, French classical art, neo-classical art and romantic art, involving painting, sculpture, architecture and garden art, all of which are the main artistic schools and achievements with world influence in European art after the European Renaissance, that is, from17th century to19th century. Understanding the evolution and development of European art in this period, especially the main characteristics of these art schools and styles that have an important influence on foreign art history, is also important for further learning the methods of art appreciation.