What are the similarities and differences between static structure and dynamic structure?

Static composition is a kind of composition form of film and television composition, that is, the temporary static state of relatively static objects and moving objects is expressed by fixing the camera position, lens optical axis (shooting direction) and lens focal length. It has something in common with painting and photo composition, but the difference is that film and television can show its time process. And it doesn't show dynamics like photos. Static composition is the psychological embodiment of the viewer's viewpoint, line of sight and attention to see the object clearly in a fixed situation.

Static composition is suitable for seeing clearly the volume and spatial position of the object and the relationship between the object and the environment.

The basic conditions of static synthesis are:

1, neither the camera nor the object moves in space, and the position of the object in the frame is basically unchanged.

2. Don't change the scene when shooting (no zoom)

3. The composition structure remains unchanged.

Structural form of static composition:

1, cohesive centripetal

(Closed) (movie Yellow Land, historical TV series Kangxi Dynasty)

2. Output centrifugal type

(Open) (Movies 1 and 8)

3, the combination of closed and open (many) (movies "parade", "bath")

The function of static composition:

1. is beneficial to display the properties, shapes, volumes, proportions, spatial positions, etc. of static objects.

2. Conducive to the expression of human and biological consciousness, mood and mentality.

3. Symbolic function. Stone mill has appeared in the yellow land many times, symbolizing stagnation.

4. Express the sense of spatial distance, and reflect the change of emotional relationship from the change of distance.

5, reflect the static way of watching (subjective line of sight)

Static composition combined with specific content can produce the following visual feelings:

1, quiet and lyrical: In Kramer vs Kramer, Kramer chats with his neighbors in kindergarten;

2. Solemn and steady: In Apocalypse Now, Willard goes to the headquarters to take orders;

3. Heavy and depressing: In The French Captain's Woman, Sarah was reprimanded at Mrs. Bertani's house;

4. Dull and dull: black cannon incident conference room, yellow land when Gu Qinggang arrived at Cui Qiaojia.

Dynamic composition has two meanings: first, it refers to film and television composition; Second, one of the forms of film and television composition. Dynamic composition is a kind of composition form that shows the changing object and picture structure. This is an important composition form different from photo composition. It is also the most commonly used composition form for film and television composition. Dynamic composition can be obtained by shooting in the following three situations:

1, the camera is not moving (not shaking, not pushing, not pulling) but the main body is moving;

2. The camera is moving and the subject is stationary;

3. The camera and the main body move simultaneously.

In the first case, the camera is not moving and the subject is moving. For example, a person walks to the camera from a distance or walks deep with his back to the camera. When the scene changes and the environment remains unchanged, the body movements and facial expressions of the characters can be displayed to a certain extent. Basically use static composition method, pay attention to the balance of characters in the picture;

In the second case, the object is static (such as scenery, still life, static figure) and the camera is moving (pushing, pulling, shaking, moving, zooming, etc.). ), resulting in more than two visual centers in the picture. When the composition center changes, the scene will also change. When shooting, there should be a certain pause between the framing and the left picture, and the main body of the picture should be clear and centered on the main body. Because the camera completes the composition in motion, the size, spatial position, angle of view, light and color of the subject need to be newly combined, resulting in balanced and unbalanced changes. However, attention should be paid to the framing and the composition of the left picture, and it should stop at the formal beauty of the composition. For example, the documentary "The Great Wall" often uses camera movement to adjust the composition, with emphasis on framing and the left picture.

For another example, shoot the heart-to-heart conversation between Party A and Party B, pull it out from the close-up of Party A, form the middle view of Party A's front, and then move it horizontally around Party A, and the picture will become the front of Party B. With the change of scenery and composition center, the scenery in different directions in the environment will also be displayed accordingly, and the light direction and light-dark contrast will also change accordingly. The key points of composition processing are as follows: ① Grasping the central figure (subject) of composition before and after; (2) When moving, the camera is always aimed at a character, with changing the position of the character in the picture as the fulcrum; (3) Pay attention to the speed rhythm in the specified situation and master the movement speed.

The third situation is that both the subject and the camera are moving. This is a complex form of dynamic combination. The most striking feature of this dynamic composition is that the spatial environment of the picture changes at any time with the movement of the lens, giving people a refreshing feeling. Move or stop smoothly like a driver starts and stops while driving. Because the camera and the subject are constantly moving, it will inevitably bring about constant changes in the performance elements, so it is necessary to constantly adjust the picture structure during the shooting process.

Compared with static synthesis, dynamic synthesis has the following modeling characteristics:

① Dynamic composition can show the motion process of objects, the significance of objects in motion and the performance of dynamic characters in detail. For example, in the film (Kramer vs Kramer), Kramer ran to the hospital with his injured son in his arms;

② All modeling elements in the picture are changing. For example, light color, scene, angle, subject's position in the picture, environment, spatial depth and so on are all changing;

③ The performance of dynamic composition to the subject is often not straightforward and unobstructed, but a continuous presentation process, and its complete visual image is formed by visual accumulation;

(4) Dynamic composition In the same picture, the relationship between subject and companion, subject and environment is variable, sometimes dominated by characters, sometimes dominated by environment, the subject can become a companion, and the companion can become the subject;

⑤ Different movement speeds can show different emotions.

The dynamic composition picture has the following visual feelings (ideographic):

1, cheerful and relaxed: the dynamic scene showing the relationship between the horse and the little hero in Black Pony, and the scene where the brother and sister meet and rotate in Little Flower;

2. Novel and diverse: the opening of "Be there or be square", the action shot of "Tell Your Secret" and the air action shot of "True Lies";

3. The power and beauty of sports: the sports scenes in Braveheart and the racing scenes of the black pony;

4. Turbulence: "air cavalry" and "seaside atrocities" in Modern Yongzhi; "Fourth of July" demonstration; Detective shot of "Seven Deaths";

5. Nervousness and panic: In "Little Flower", Xiaohua ran to find her brother, and year after year, she "packed" a scene. The scene of meeting a tiger in the forest in Apocalypse Now.