The more information about the mysteries of the ocean, the better!

Is the image in the nightmare transformed into a shark, or is the ferocious image of a shark disturbing human dreams? For many years, the triangular fin lingering on the beach has been a symbol of terror and blood. Biologists infer that sharks swam in the sea about 400 million years ago. This boneless "marine killer" (sharks belong to the class Chondroichthys, and their endoskeleton is composed entirely of cartilage, which is often calcified, but there is no real bone tissue) seems to be born against us like poisonous snakes and poisonous spiders. If you add all kinds of horrible impressions that sharks bring to human beings, this creature can be called the ultimate terror maker.

From 1968, Jeff Ottmann, a French underwater photographer, took pains to photograph these "sea killers" who crossed the ocean. Obviously, Jeff's purpose is not to show and confirm this horror-although the huge mouth and fangs in the photo are dazzling; And there is an indisputable fact: the image of this terrible bully in the sea really haunts our nightmares. During the 30 years of shooting, Jeff's photos tried to avoid those horrible mouths. He wants to show people in his own way that this is a huge species, with 360 species (approximate number) in 8 orders, 30 families. In Jeff's photography, these "sea killers" have their own characteristics: Zhang Kuo is a member of LEPIDOPTERA, and his mouth is close to the back of his body, squeezing his thin abdomen and almost invisible, and all members of this purpose are close relatives of Rays; Members of the Saw Shark Club have a long kiss covered with spikes; Sharks have two spiny dorsal fins and a long kiss on their backs. The members of the true shark order have eyes in front of their mouths, and there are three kinds of instantaneous membranes to protect their eyes; There are six or seven pairs of branchial fissures and a anal fin, which are members of the suborder Hexagobranchia. There are four kinds of sharks in a family of the suborder Hexagobranchia. Murdocera has a pair of long beards floating from the inner wing of the nostril of the echidna; Members of the order Tiger Sharks have a kiss that looks like a pig's mouth.

Jeff's photos show most people something they have never seen in their lives: this is a terrorist army composed of predators of different sizes and shapes. Their ugly appearance, rough and hard skin and spindle-shaped body structure conform to the principle of fluid mechanics, and all members are equipped with sharp and good teeth without exception. There are all kinds of teeth here: flat teeth are suitable for grinding mollusk shells; Long and sharp teeth are suitable for tearing other fish. Among terrestrial mammals, the teeth of carnivores are widely spaced, while the teeth of sharks are as close as serrations. Generally speaking, sharks have 300 to 400 teeth. Behind the first row of teeth, the spare teeth are flat against the gums, and new teeth are filled immediately after the first row of teeth fall off. In 20 years, some kinds of sharks have lost 300,000 teeth! All sharks have no other fish to control the ups and downs of the swim bladder. But they have a huge liver (its weight can reach 1/4 of body weight), and the liver tissue is rich in fish oil with lower density than water, which plays the same role as the swim bladder. Only bull sharks are different from other sharks of the same kind. The shark floated to the surface to inflate its stomach, thus keeping its buoyancy.

As far as we know, the species of small sharks are no more than 20 cm long; The big one is 18 meters long and weighs 20 tons. Almost all kinds of sharks are suitable for hunting. Recent studies have found that sharks are not as bad-sighted as people generally think, and they can distinguish the whirlpool of divers' flippers from far away. This kind of good eyesight benefits from its unique eyeball structure, which can reflect external light and project it onto the retina twice, so sharks can see clearly in dim environment. In fact, sharks can cope without relying on vision. The shark's body surface is covered with dense pits of nerve endings, which makes it very sensitive to every change in the outside world. In addition, the shark's nose is extremely sensitive. It can smell a drop of blood diluted with 654.38+ 10,000 liters of water, and can trace it for several kilometers in the sea to find the source of blood. Finally, I want to talk about its formidable face, which is covered with glandular holes and can detect the changes of the surrounding electric field. The difference of the electric changes that can be sensed by these glandular holes is 0.0 1 mV, and it is through these glandular holes that sharks accurately capture the muscle movements that cause electric field changes.

We try to talk less about the terrible teeth of sharks. Especially when the owners of these offensive "weapons" are often "big Macs" with a body length of more than 8 meters-only killer whales are equal to them in the sea. Some sharks are tireless swimmers. They can swim day and night in temperate waters 100 km. Downward, it dived 2000 meters (biologists found that a marked pike swam in 129 days 1600 kilometers). Sharks are fierce but not picky eaters. It can easily tear the sea lion into pieces, and it can also chew the rotting whale carcass casually. There is a notorious great white shark in the shark family. This kind of shark is fierce and is the best among many "marine killers". The novelist even wrote a best-selling book based on a tragedy that happened on the coast of New Jersey in 19 16, which is Jaws that many people have read. It is precisely because the great white shark is fierce that people almost put all kinds of evil deeds of sharks attacking humans on the account of the great white shark-even if at least 20 species such as tiger shark and hammerhead shark should be included in the list. Although the great white shark is also called a man-eating shark, one research result is that sharks are not interested in the taste of human flesh, and they may just attack people for a change or self-defense after injury. Moreover, because sharks have a long digestive cycle, they don't eat much in the end, and the amount of one thigh is enough. According to scientific statistics, shark attacks on people are much less than other water accidents. In the shark attack, about 1/4 people died, mostly due to bleeding and shock, rather than what people usually think-the dead were swallowed alive by sharks, leaving no residue.

So objectively speaking, sharks are not carnivores. In the past century, the number of shark attacks on humans was about 4,000 times, and the record of 1.997 was 60 times, and 1.2 people died. These figures are enough to dispel people's inexplicable fear of sharks, but it is very fragile to defend human systematic killing of sharks. About 60 million sharks are killed every year, not because they pose a threat to human life. Sharks are almost like pigs, and they can be said to be full of treasures: shark's fin and meat are the dishes of gourmets; Shark skin is a handsome commodity pursued by fur traders; Cod liver oil is not only used in medicine, but also as an auxiliary material for making cosmetics. Shark's stomach can extract anticancer substances ... how can a creature with such important economic value not be coveted? It is estimated that in the late 1990s, the total number of sharks killed by humans reached 800,000 tons. In Europe, France ranks first in Europe with the killing amount of 6.5438+0.8 million tons. In contrast, the fertility of the hunted object is not high: a male shark reaches sexual maturity 12 years. At present, 20 species of sharks are on the verge of extinction under human killing. At the beginning of 1999, an agreement was signed in Rome to protect sharks, but there were no substantive measures in it. The mysterious "sea killer" swimming in the boundless blue waves has many forms but many fates. As another "living fossil" in the ocean, sharks deserve a fair and objective evaluation. Jeff's photos let people see a colorful shark world. Get close to it, understand it and protect it, just like protecting elephants and whales, and give sharks the protection they deserve. The more people know about sharks, the less they have inexplicable fear of this creature.

According to the data, there is more than one mysterious ocean zone in Bermuda Triangle, and there are at least seven "mysterious areas". Bermuda Triangle, Sea of Japan Triangle, the waters near Atlantic Island, the waters between Hawaii and the continental United States in the Pacific Ocean, the coastal areas of Portugal and southeast Africa, Cape Hatteras.

What makes triangles so mysterious? So far, no scientist can explain it. The disappearance of planes and ships mysteriously occurs year after year. Japan's sea triangle lies between southern Honshu, Japan and Hawaii. The Japanese call it the "Devil's Sea". This Devil's Sea Triangle is the area between Noshimazaki at the southern tip of Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and its 3-point connection with Guam in the south. It is more than 0/000 kilometers eastward, and many ships and planes disappear here without a trace. The strangest event was197665438+1October 16, where a Norwegian transport ship "Berchi Istrad" with 220 tons of ore disappeared without a trace. Records of other missing ships also show that they are all mysteriously missing. 1980, a cargo ship sailing from Los Angeles, USA to Qingdao, China, suddenly sent out a "sos" distress signal 220km east of Shimazaki, that is, when it entered the Sea of Japanese devils. Soon, the ship hung the Yugoslav flag with a load of14,712 tons and a crew of 35 people. Just the night before, less than nine hours after the cargo ship disappeared, another huge ship was also declared missing in the Devil's Sea of Japan, which was a Libyan cargo ship sailing from Chile to Nagoya, Japan. It crashed 570 kilometers south of Shimazaki. The cargo ship named "A Dienis", with a load of 29,700 tons and a crew of 32, also sank shortly after sending out the "sos" signal. Five days and six days after the disappearance of the D-Dnes and the Danube, respectively, that is, at10.02 pm198165438+5.47 pm, a Greek cargo ship was also located 1300 km east of Shimazaki. After calling for help, it disappeared inexplicably, and none of the 35 crew members on board survived. In just one week, three huge ships have been swallowed up by the devil's sea in a row, which makes people wonder what happened in this sea area.

Strangely, after the crash, the planes and ships searching for the sea area found no trace of the missing ship, let alone the bodies of the missing crew, as if they had been sucked in by the sea. Other ships and planes disappeared after the compass and instruments failed inexplicably and were never heard from again. Therefore, people also call it the Devil's Triangle, and the Japanese even call it the Dragon Triangle, which is named after the dragon in western fairy tales. Tianlong is a huge monster with wings and claws, and its mouth is on fire, symbolizing violence and evil. This shows people's fear of this sea area. Some people speculate that it is because the ocean in this sea area is extremely complex, which brings difficulties to control and leads to the crash of ships and planes; It is also speculated that there must be huge magnetite on the seabed, so the compass turns very fast and can't find the position, but there is no reliable basis. In any case, the disappearance of ships here mostly occurs in winter. Every winter, the water temperature and air temperature here differ by 20 degrees, so there is often a strong updraft at sea, which stirs up triangular waves on the sea surface. It is said that there may be waves more than 20 meters high in this sea area, which is of course terrible for ships.

The Mediterranean triangle, which is surrounded by land, has always been regarded as a calm inland sea. Who knows that there is a devil's triangle here, which is located between the southern tip of Italy and the three islands of Sicily and Corsica. It is called tyrrhenian sea.

In this triangle area, dozens of ships and planes were inexplicably swallowed up. 18: 00 a.m. on a certain day in June, 980

An Italian flight took off from Brown on time and its destination was Barrymore, Sicily. The estimated flight time is 1 elbow 45 minutes. The plane flew for 37 minutes, and the captain reported the position to the tower over Pengsha Island, and there was no news. No one knows how the plane disappeared. There is no trace of 8 1 passengers and crew on board, so there is no trace of the plane.

Stranger still, in a calm sea, some ships will suddenly disappear, even big ships are no exception. The recent disappearance is strange. Two fishing boats are fishing in the sea where they can see each other. The location is about 46 nautical miles west-southwest of Pengsha Island. A fishing boat named Shana has eight crew members working hard, while another fishing boat named Gasaobia has 1 1 crew members. At that time, the two fishing boats not only talked and contacted each other, but also saw each other's lights. But at dawn, the "Ethiopia" found that the "Shana" was missing. At first they thought it had left. But the fish was in such a good mood, why did Shana leave without finishing her homework? To this end, the captain of "Gasaobia" reported to the base. Three hours later, an Italian coast patrol helicopter arrived in this sea area. Surprisingly, at this time, not only Shana was not seen, but even Gasaobia, who just reported Shana's disappearance, did not see it. The surprised helicopter carefully searched every sea area. It was not until the fuel in the plane's fuel tank was enough to return to the base that the helicopter informed a large fishing boat of 19.000 tons in the nearby sea area to assist in the search, and paid attention to the situation before leaving. The captain of the fishing boat named "Iania" said that their ship can reach the sea area within three hours and will pay attention to the rescue signal of the missing ship there. Spend the night there.

The next morning, three helicopters came to this area again to search. Strangely, not to mention the first two missing ships, even the "Iania" has disappeared. Since then, these three ships, together with the 5 1 crew on board, have disappeared in the calm sea without a trace.