West street zanhua photography

1 ... According to legend, as early as the third century BC, Greek mathematicians had put forward the basic optical theory of perspective. Eukleides, a mathematician, said: The line of sight is straight, forming a cone with the eyes as the vertex and the object as the plane, so the same object looks smaller in the distance, and the parallel lines seem to be concentrated at one point. If the circle is tilted, it becomes an ellipse ...

After mathematicians developed relevant visual theories, artists and architects also devoted themselves to research and application. Perspective has developed quite maturely in the west through rational and scientific methods, and the development of this linear perspective is different in different periods of the century. However, it should be regarded as a very vigorous development during the Renaissance. Under the rigorous and rational attitude, perspective has almost become the only rule of painting expression space, which has great influence.

I believe that a high proportion of readers have learned perspective painting, because it is one of the basic courses of painting, design and graphics. However, I also believe that after learning the general concepts, most people have little chance to apply them in the future. Especially after the computer can do 3D drawing, perspective is not only cumbersome, restrictive and error-prone, but also the final effect is not as good as constructing a texture model casually with 3D software!

Is it that bad? Yes, in many ways, but it is not entirely appropriate to make such a comparison. Let's give an easy-to-understand example: After photography matured, was painting replaced?

Second, the perspective principle and method:

(A) perspective principle

Perspective is a science to describe visual space in ancient times. Imagine that our eyes will vibrate, change direction and change focus at any time. The ancients painted whatever they saw, from plane outline description to perspective painting, which is an incredible development. Today, photography technology helps us to understand and review the space environment in detail, so we can compare what the camera shoots with perspective, and we will have another updated understanding of perspective.

Why is there a perspective effect? Because the distance between people's eyes is about 6cm, for a thing (or a certain part of a thing), in fact, the eyes look at different angles, so they will feel shrinking when they look at things in the future.

The closer you look at something, the bigger and farther it is, and the smaller and farther it is. The two eyes see almost the same angle. Therefore, the closer to you, the stronger the sense of austerity. You must pay attention to perspective when drawing still life, and it doesn't matter if you draw distant scenery.

Since everything will retreat, it will inevitably meet at an infinite point. The key of perspective is to determine the vanishing point. As long as all objects extend to the same vanishing point, a painting will look reasonable, so it is enough to grasp this principle to make your words look unobtrusive, which is more effective than accurate measurement.

(2) perspective method

The definition of perspective is simply the method of projecting the scene seen by the eyes onto a plane in front of us and depicting the scene on this plane. In perspective projection, the viewer's eyes are called stations, and parallel lines extending far away will intersect at one point, which is called vanishing point; If you don't know what this means, think about the rails that extend forward. Because we draw different objects, there are so-called one-point perspective, two-point perspective and three-point perspective.

The so-called one-point perspective and multi-point perspective are actually the same in the final analysis. (Usually) find a vanishing point at the back, and then let all the lines converge on it. This is a little perspective. Two-point perspective is to find a vanishing point to the left and right, and three-point perspective is to find a vanishing point to the left and right, so that the object can move up and down.

It has a tightening effect.

2 ... The representative painters of cubism are Picasso and Braque. Picasso once said, "When we engage in cubism, we don't intend to engage in cubism, but we want to express what we have." Braque admitted: "Cubism, or rather my cubism, is a means I created and used to make painting conform to my talent." The combination of their two temperaments, and through the efforts of Grice and Legge, enabled them to reunite, which formed a dynamic cubism. Cubist painters have no systematic theoretical guidance, and everyone explores according to their own ideas. Picasso said, "I want to paint according to my imagination, not according to what I see." Braque also said: "The painter does not want to constitute an anecdote, but creates a painting fact."

1910-191year is the first peak of cubism. Picasso painted a portrait of Canville, a girl who plays the mandolin, two portraits of people who play the guitar, and a portrait of Ralph. Picasso's structural analysis skills have reached perfection. Each decomposition surface is coordinated with the cube combination, thus ignoring the color and leaving only a single color.

Different from the traditional painter who is confined to Euclid's three-dimensional space, Picasso abandoned perspective, because the shape, position, speed and timeliness of an object all depend on the observer's viewpoint, and the only way to objectively express it is to give up all previous references and take into account all viewpoints. It is by introducing the relativity of perspective that they can pursue absoluteness and truth. /view/95722.htm and/jiaoshijixu/lvshuye/yinjin09/wgmszpsx/shanxi/sahngxi004/litizzuyi/liti _ bijiashuo01.htm.

3 ... the characteristics of figure painting in the Tang Dynasty from Zhou Fang's "The Picture of a Beautiful Lady with Zanhua"

By studying the appreciation of China's famous paintings in ancient and modern times, when appreciating a Chinese painting, we will first feel the "form and spirit" and "charm" brought by the picture, then the layout of pen and ink, and finally think and summarize the artistic characteristics of the work. Status and influence.

The picture of a beautiful woman with a hairpin is the work of Zhou Fang, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, and it can also be said to be a masterpiece. First of all, we should know some basic information about Zhou Fang. Zhou Fang was born into a noble family and became an official. He is very familiar with the life of court women, so he accurately grasps the temperament and demeanor of women and maids, and describes the details of people's actions. It embodies the most important artistic features of figure painting in Tang Dynasty.

The picture of a lady with a hairpin depicts a group of aristocratic women in gorgeous costumes, flowers, dogs, cranes and strolling at the turn of spring and summer. Whether with a pen. Using ink to color reflects the essence of figure painting in Tang Dynasty, and the pen is slender. No elasticity, clear and bright colors, and the description of texture is very appropriate. Spinning clothes are light and transparent, and the skin is rich and fair. The headdress sparkled. The methods of multi-layer baking, cover dyeing, separate dyeing and replacing lines with colors all opened up a new style of meticulous figure painting in Tang Dynasty.

Throughout the figure painting of the Tang Dynasty, "The Picture of Zanhua Ladies" reflects the painting theme from the content. It has also changed more than before. Turning human feelings into secularization, from the line segment point of view, the line drawing of Tang people is also more multidimensional, the screen layout is set off by rockeries, and the size of characters is given priority. The posture of aristocratic women also reflects the aesthetic requirements of Tang people for characters! Women are mainly obese, with plump, plump and noble body images. Headdresses are vertical, with high comb handles and narrow transverse faces.

Official collars are mostly round lapels, double-breasted buttons, narrow oil and brocade edges.

That's all I know. I'm sorry

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