I want to appreciate Lao She's Thinking of Beiping, Han Shaogong's Ahead and Yu Dafu's Winter Scene in the South of the Yangtze River, and I am eager to get them.

Lao She is a writer with strong Beijing flavor. He was born and raised in Beijing, 1899 to 1966. Lao She spent 42 years in Beijing. His most influential works, such as the novel Camel Xiangzi, Four Generations under One roof, the drama Teahouse and Longxugou, etc. , are written in Beijing dialect, are also in Beijing as the background. By vividly describing the lifestyle, social culture and psychological characteristics of Beijingers, they showed a colorful picture of social customs in Beijing.

Thinking of Peiping is an essay. In a short essay, Lao She was embarrassed about how to express Beijing: "Beiping is so big and there are so many things". What do you write? He doesn't want to just "write what I know and avoid what I don't know", but he is even more afraid of hanging a leak and burying all the benefits of Beijing. If you just list it mechanically and describe it directly, it will be even more boring to write a local scenic guide in Beijing. Lao She decided to write My Beiping, and through his close relationship with his hometown, he wrote his infinite attachment to Beijing.

At the beginning of the work, Lao She couldn't help saying, "I really love Beiping." But he immediately said, "This kind of love is almost indescribable." The word "unspeakable" is repeated four times in two paragraphs. Repeatedly stressed that the author explained that he was "not a poet" and would not "immerse all the beautiful words in his mind and call out the beauty of Peiping like a cuckoo". In fact, it is not that the author can't do it, but that he doesn't want to write the meaning in the usual way, because even if "all the beautiful words" are exhausted. So he found another way, put aside all beautiful words, described his love for Beijing as his love for his mother with the most popular and simple words and the most attractive expressions. Poker seems to be the most unusual. It not only properly expresses the author's true and deep love for Beijing, but also easily touches the readers' hearts. Lao She loves his mother very much, which is a much-told story in the literary world. He compared Beijing to his mother, a little more important than ordinary people. So his love for Beijing also has his own unique personality. He said, "My love for Beiping is not a trivial matter, but a period of history, a big place that binds my whole heart", "My initial understanding and impression came from Beiping, which is in my blood, and many places in my character and temper are given by this ancient city", and "Every little thing and every miss has a Beiping" in Beijing. What he shows is that "I" and Beijing, "I" and "you", and "you" contain "I", which are integrated and inseparable. This is beyond the general objective description He not only wants to tell readers what Beijing is like, but also wants people to share his love for Beijing. He is not writing about Beijing, but thinking about it.

But this does not mean that Lao She's love for Beijing is blind. There is reason and cognition in this love. Writing down the characteristics of a place, including a person's love for a place, often requires comparison to see it. Lao She declared in the article that he "can't love Shanghai and Tianjin", and combined with his rich personal experience and feelings, compared Beijing with "London, Paris, Rome and Constantinople, which were once called the four' historical capitals' in Europe", and enumerated the benefits of Beijing from the aspects of the overall structure, architectural pattern, environmental atmosphere and life interest of the city. The beauty of Beijing is not that there are many beautiful buildings, but that there are idle places around the buildings to make them beautiful, and to show nature among people. Beijing "also has a lively place, but it is similar to Tai Ji Chuan, and it is quiet in motion"; Beijing is a provincial capital city, but there are many flowers, vegetables and fruits produced by itself, which makes people closer to nature. In short, Beijing is a metropolis, but it keeps the countryside quiet and makes people close to nature. In addition, the author also specifically said that although Beijing is also a paradise for the rich, intellectuals who are "as poor as you and me" can still enjoy its beauty. Therefore, the author spent a lot of pen and ink on Beijing's products and the daily life of Beijing civilians. A branch and a leaf are always related to love. It is this narrative and description that shows the close relationship between the author and Beijing. He really blends into its life and goes deep into its flesh and blood. If Lao She is a tourist in Beijing, even if he likes Beijing again, it is impossible to have such a nuanced experience, and of course it is impossible to write such words. No wonder he couldn't help crying when he talked about the benefits of Beijing. He couldn't help but let out a deep cry, "I really miss Beijing!"

This last sentence has a deeper meaning. This essay was written in 1936, when the author was not in Beijing. At that time, Japanese imperialism stepped up its aggression against China, the signing of the River-America Agreement, which humiliated the country, and the establishment of the "Jicha Government Committee" to meet the needs of Japanese aggression all showed that North China was in danger and Beijing was in danger. As a patriotic intellectual who loves Beijing, the author is worried and thinks about today's hometown, which is more intense than usual. This call is full of national anxiety and shocking.

The language of Thinking of Peiping is popular, pure, concise and cordial. Tongbai is to strengthen the life atmosphere of the works, make them cordial and touching, and it is also the result of language tempering. The author once said: "My article is tacky and seems effortless. Actually, it has been changed many times. " (Literary language) Purity and conciseness are also tempered. For example, the article wrote Jishuitan: "Facing the stagnant water beach, there is a wall behind it. I can sit on a stone and watch tadpoles in the water or tender dragonflies on reed leaves. I can sit happily for a day, feeling completely comfortable, wanting nothing and fearless, like a child sleeping in a cradle. " Just a few words, few words, but writing about scenery, writing about objects, creating an atmosphere and expressing physical feelings are all in place and natural.

A Stranger —— Appreciation of Cao Wenxuan's Ahead

The front is a photo essay. At the beginning of the article, the expression of the characters is summarized: "A car full of people, looking at the front with a haggard and indifferent expression." If we look at the picture first according to this sentence, you will definitely feel that the characters in the picture are different, confused and full of expectations for the future. Some of them may be forced to leave their homes for a living, while others are fighting for their ideals. No matter which category they belong to, the shabby carriages on the screen are enough to set off the poverty of life. You can imagine the value of their efforts to change the status quo in poverty, and the readers' sad sympathy for their unattainable ideals. However, Mr. Cao Wenxuan saw a trace similar to the philosophy of human existence in the photos: "Leaving home-homesick-going home-leaving home again". We can't help asking: Why do people in foreign lands always dream about their hometown? What does hometown mean to a wanderer? What do they mean by their expressions?

At the beginning of the article, the author started to think about life through a barrage of questions: "Where are they going? Going home or going away? " The answer is "they are on their way". The truth here tells the true meaning of survival. Each of us has actually been on the road since birth. This is a short and long road of life. Although some people are happy to welcome the good times, "the world is not always warm after all, and your road ahead is not always covered with roses." (Ji Xianlin's First Love on Earth) Most people will inevitably encounter rough adversity and have to search hard on this road. As described in the article, people are full of confusion, loss, anxiety, helplessness, anxiety and boredom on the road. "The car roared and bumped on the bumpy road, shaking a car full of people and making people suffer all the way. The man looked out of the window with his chin in his hand, and his eyes showed all the confusion and loss of a person who was about to start a difficult journey. " This is the passenger's expression described in detail by the author. Through the description of this expression, the second section of the article "People have an irresistible desire to leave home." Although creativity has the taste of playing the pipa, the novelty of the work may come from reverse thinking.

This paper describes and analyzes the human behavior of leaving home. People have an irresistible desire to leave home. To sum up, the author said four situations of leaving home: "People have the habit of traveling far away from home"; "The outside world is always tempting people" to travel far from home; "Running away from home may be out of helplessness"; And "people's ideals determine that people should keep moving forward." Therefore, the author interprets the theme of homesickness around the behavior of human beings leaving home: First, people have the habit of traveling far from home. For example, "before human beings had the consciousness and form of home, ancestors lived in almost endless migration." This reminds us of the homesickness in Homer's epic Odyssey. General Odysseus rejected the goddess on the way to victory. China's ancient "The Book of Songs Picking Wei" describes the homesickness of ordinary soldiers in the life scene of leaving their hometown for war. There are also wanderers such as "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and then sinking back, I suddenly remembered home" (Li Bai), "The old road is sparse and the west wind is thin, and the heartbroken people are in the end of the world" (Ma Zhiyuan), especially "Being in a foreign land, I miss my family twice every holiday. I know from a distance where my brother climbed, and there is one person missing from the dogwood. "

This poem by the poet Wang Wei should be the first expression of homesickness by a wanderer in a foreign land. Wait a minute. As for the old saying, "It's expensive to leave one's hometown", it has long been the life experience of homeless people homesick. Secondly, the outside world tempts people all the time, and people get satisfaction in life outside; For various reasons, people have to leave home. Then, people's ideals determine that people should keep moving forward. The author vividly explains through the way of homesickness and local complex, that is, why homesickness (heart returning to hometown), traveling and looking back (always on the road); Finally, it reveals the value orientation of hometown, that is, through My Hometown and Evidence of this Life, it shows that homesickness is a lasting brand. Hometown is the root of a person, and more is the value orientation and spiritual pursuit of spiritual feelings.

It is not difficult to find that the author thinks about the tragic existence of life from the philosophical level and puts forward a new question: "People can't go home", "Even if they go home" and "still feel homeless", as the author asks at the end of the article: "Is this the home where people sit in cars or the endless wilderness ahead?" These are all from real to virtual-transforming the real "home" into an abstract "spiritual home". Thus, the reason why "people can't go home" is vividly expounded. I remember Michelle's "Road" said: "What people are looking for is not the road, but the end of that road, which is the wide and flat end. Just to lead to the finish line, find the way, and walk through the most difficult and difficult road ... "

The tracker, the most outstanding pioneer of expressionist poetry in German poetry in the 20th century, has a famous saying: "The soul is a stranger on the earth." Man wanders aimlessly in the world, pursuing his uncertain dreams. All this may just be because life is an accident and the ideal is always on the other side, so no matter where in the world, it is in a foreign land. A deceased person looking for a home will be in a foreign land until he embarks on an eternal and rugged way home. As the great prose writer Zhou said, "To sum up, remembering the way home means remembering the way from society to self and from the world to God. Of course, people can't live in society and the world forever, but by remembering the way home from time to time, they can stay awake and not fall into social disputes and the hustle and bustle of the world. " (Remember "The Way Home: A Preface") Yes, "Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself" (Fan Zhongyan), "A gentleman strives for self-improvement" (I ching gan gua). Home, although "warm and peaceful", people always have to face the "front" and go out of the house. Then, one pair said well, "Look at the clouds in the sky and smile at the flowers in front of the court." "It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan, Xiu Yuan, and I'll go up and down" (Li Sao) should be the reason for human beings to "advance".

In short, the author of this article talked about the reasons for leaving home, and then talked about the performance on the road, from the initial excitement to the confusion, confusion and anxiety caused by "realizing that life is essentially a hard trip", from "figurative trip"

"Abstraction is the journey of life", and when it comes to "the tragic nature of life", it goes deeper and deeper, and rises to the level of philosophical thinking step by step. For a picture, people often make a fuss about the expressions of the characters in the picture, but Mr. Cao Wenxuan wrote about their "leaving home", analyzed the reasons and their psychological performance on the road after leaving home, which exceeded ordinary people's imagination, jumped out of conventional thinking and got a new interpretation. "Home" is people's spiritual home and shelter. The full text not only inherits the faint aesthetic implication of classical literature, but also has philosophical thinking of innovative thinking in contemporary life. Beautiful language and profound theme. Leave readers room for aftertaste.

Winter scenery in Jiangnan

Appreciation: Liu Haisu, a master of Chinese painting, once said: "Young painters can't draw the landscapes of Zhejiang and Anhui without reading Yu Dafu's travels intensively;" If you don't look at Qiantang, Fuyang or Xin 'an, you can't read Yu Dafu's wonderful article. " This is a high evaluation of Yu Dafu's landscape prose. The article "Winter Scenery in the South of the Yangtze River" clearly embodies the aesthetic characteristics of Yu Dafu's prose: the style of writing is flowing, natural and elegant, the pen tip is free to curl, the book is open-minded, sincere and frank, and lyrical.

From September 192 1 year to March 1933, Yu Dafu devoted considerable energy to left-wing cultural activities and creation. Yu Dafu/KLOC-0 moved to Hangzhou from Shanghai in April, 1933 and lived in Hangzhou for nearly three years. This article was written in 1935, which is a famous essay written by Yu Dafu after he moved to Hangzhou.

This paper * * * wrote a bare-backed chat map, a winter suburb vegetation map, a light rain map of Zhang Han village, a snow map of Jiangnan Zhang, and a winter hiking map. From different angles, the author describes the winter scenery of Jiangnan at different times, different occasions and different weather, the warmth in the afternoon, the vibrant earth, the obscurity in the rain, the interest in the fog, etc., which shows the author's love for the winter scenery of Jiangnan.

The winter scenery in Jiangnan is warm, sunny and beautiful. The contrast between the winter in the north and the winter in the south of the Yangtze River highlights that the winter in the south of the Yangtze River is sunny, warm and mild, which renders the fun of talking outside the house that the winter in the north cannot provide. Comparing the winter and autumn in the south of the Yangtze River, the author compares the winter scenery in the south of the Yangtze River to the summer scenery in the north, and writes that kind of "clear territory"; Comparing the winters in Fujian and Guangdong with those in Jiangnan, the author defines the "winter scenery in Jiangnan" he feels more clearly. The contrast between walking in the cold suburbs of Germany and Jiangnan echoes the walking mentioned later. The focus of the comparison is different, but they all highlight the main characteristics of the winter scenery in Jiangnan that the author loves.

Talking about the sky outside: the sun is shining and birds are singing, which is like winter? This sunny, warm and mild weather seems to be playing. What's more, the old people and children in outdoor space, perhaps grandparents and grandchildren, are having a good time. Perhaps the frost in the distance has not completely melted, but a harmonious atmosphere has filled the picture. This sunny and warm winter is really lovely.

Vegetation map of suburbs in winter: What is depicted here is a bright and vivid picture. In the lush and humid blue sky in the winter suburbs of the south of the Yangtze River, there are white reeds, red leaves, Chinese tallow with white tallow seeds, ochre on the top and some green grass on the main part. The author added bright colors to this painting, which made the whole picture bright and radiant. Enter colored text and color the picture.

Cold village drizzle map: using (light pen freehand brushwork) virtual reality, silhouette contrast. Small bridge with flowing water, drizzle tree in lonely village, drinkers in Wu Peng cabin (long bridge with Wu Peng boat, drizzle lamp dizzy). The color is simple and elegant, and the artistic conception is far away. There are paintings in poems and poems in paintings. -carefree, free and easy, gain and loss are all dead.

Virtual reality is one of the main methods to create artistic conception. In this picture, "after the autumn harvest" is the time, "three or five families gather in a small village by the river" is the location, "the door faces the long bridge window, facing the distant mound" and "the leafy miscellaneous forest" constitute the rural landscape in winter, which is a real scene. In this real scene, the author "sprinkled a layer of white rain as fine as powder ... moon halo", which made the real rural landscape in winter have the artistic conception of "slightly rainy and cold village".

Snow scene in the south of the Yangtze River: This painting is not depicted from the front, but skillfully quotes the poems of predecessors to express the artistic conception of the winter scene in the south of the Yangtze River. The author skillfully uses the poems of predecessors to make up for the unfinished meaning of prose, which makes the article ups and downs: sometimes people are immersed in the artistic conception of classical poetry, and sometimes people are brought into a beautiful painting mirror, achieving twice the result with half the effort. Wine around the stove, plum blossoms reflecting the moon, fragrant wine, Chai Men barking, pedestrians waiting, red plums in the snow, village children making snow. These colors are suitable in tone. -elegant and noble, beautiful and quiet.

Lao She's Winter in Jinan, which describes the snow scene:

Best of all, it snowed a little. You see, the dwarf pine on the mountain is getting darker and darker, and there is a bun of white flowers on the top of the tree, like some Japanese nurses. The top of the mountain is all white, and there is a silver edge on the blue sky. In some places on the hillside, the snow is thick, and in some places, the grass color is still exposed. In this way, one is white, the other is dark yellow, and the mountain is covered with a floral dress with water patterns; Looking at it, this floral dress seems to be blown by the wind, which makes you want to see more beautiful goatskin. When the sun is about to set, the yellowish sunlight shines obliquely on the hillside, and Xiaoxue seems to suddenly blush and slightly redden. It's just a light snow. Jinan can't stand heavy snow. Those mountains are too fragile.

At the same time, write the snow scene. Compared with the winter in Jinan, what is the difference between the winter scenery in Jiangnan? Look at the paragraph about the black snow scene.

Winter in Jinan is more of a direct description. And "Winter Scene in the South of the Yangtze River" refers to poetry and writes the snow scene in the south of the Yangtze River in an empty way.

There is no scenery, but the beautiful poems leave us with rich imagination. But "how about a glass of wine inside?" When I see my old friend at dusk. After being quiet, maybe the snow has stopped. The shadow of plum blossoms in the moonlight was printed on the road by light snow. From time to time, the smell of wine wafted in the distance, and occasionally dogs barked. In the morning, the dog and the children were playing excitedly in the snow. Suddenly, a child came to me with a surprise: "In the former village of Zita Law, a branch was opened last night." What a beautiful plum blossom picture in the snow! This picture is delicious! Although there is no direct description of the scenery, the artistic conception is out.

Quoting poems and avoiding reality is a common way of writing in Yu Dafu's prose. He often inserts some old poems into his prose to make up for the lingering meaning and feelings that are not expressed in his prose, which makes the article appear ups and downs in the whole writing and adds poetry to it.

I grew up in Jiangnan, so I don't like rain. But when the spring moths are covered and the flowers are dry, how lovely it is to get a little rain! "The small building listens to the spring rain all night", "The apricot blossom spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River" and "The drizzle in the sky is crisp" have been said by previous poets before me. It goes without saying that summer rain can relieve summer heat and nourish crops, which is of great value. However, the chilly autumn rain is another situation. In the past, the so-called sigh of "rain to deep autumn wind makes people sad" was an excuse for people of different arms. People are worried about their ears, so it has nothing to do with the rain. After three winters of cold rain, I'm afraid there are not many people I love. However, the beauty of "the geese in the river are faint, the lights are dim, the palace is leaking, and the ears are heavy" will never be experienced by people who have never experienced it. (Yu Dafu's rain)

Poetry quoted in other paragraphs of the article. (Twilight drizzles over Jiang Shang Village) "Jiang Shang Village", that is, the sandbar in Wankou Village where the poet stayed; "Know the smell", that is, "the name of a poem that has been heard for a long time". It seems to be a typical "theft" environment to set fire in a strong wind and kill people in a dark month. However, here, a quiet Jiangcun is inadvertently exposed under the misty yellow rain. The atmosphere is poetic, the characters are not hideous, and it is evident that they call each other "greenwood vendors". It seems that the poet recited this interesting adventure with poetic security. "Night knowledge" not only shows the self-satisfaction of a person's poems being heard in the green forest, but also includes the appreciation of "green forest vendors" who love elegant poems.

Walking map for dry and winter leisure:

Zhu Ziqing's Spring is a well-known landscape prose. The beautiful writing left a deep impression on us. The rigorous structure has become a model for all of us to learn to write prose. Indeed, Zhu Ziqing's landscape prose pays special attention to the construction of structure. He uses structure to promote the development of emotion step by step, and Yu Dafu's article has written a paragraph ahead and is being written here, which reflects the uniqueness of Yu Dafu's prose: the pen tip rotates at will. With the intention of going, the article arrived, and we unconsciously entered the beautiful atmosphere created by Yu Dafu, who took us for an emotional walk in Jiangnan. At this point, the author put down his pen and went for a walk on the lake. The scenery has reached a "forgotten state". "I always feel that I have to infiltrate my enthusiasm and I can't forget myself."

Yu Dafu's article does not stick to form, but focuses on freehand brushwork, writing about nature and his subjective feelings about nature. In fact, you can see it from time to time in the article.

For example, section 8 does not describe the scenery in detail, but captures the deepest impression of the natural scenery and writes the charm of the scenery. Judging poems is subjective, and he himself knows that these poems don't necessarily belong to the snow scene in the south of the Yangtze River, and the people who wrote them don't necessarily come from Jiangnan, but he doesn't care about these. What he wants is the artistic conception that poetry reflects exactly the same as the snow scene in the south of the Yangtze River.

Yu Dafu once said: "The greatest feature of modern prose is the personality of every writer's prose, which is stronger than any previous prose." He also consciously incorporated his own personality into his works.