What is the difference between n-butyl acetate and butanone?

Name: n-butyl acetate/butyl acetate

Appearance is clear and colorless liquid, with pleasant fruit fragrance, flammable liquid.

Chinese name of chemical: butyl acetate

CASNo.: 123-86-4

English name: n-butyl acetace, butyl acetate

Structural formula: CH3COO(CH2)3CH3

Illustrative molecular formula: CH3 COOC4 H9

Molecular formula: C6H 12O2.

Molecular weight: 1 16. 16.

Physical and chemical properties editing

Relative density (20℃ )0.8807.

Freezing point -73.5℃,

Boiling point 126. 1 14℃

Flash point (open cup) 33℃, closed cup 27℃.

Refractive index () 1.3945438+0.

Steam pressure (20℃)1.33kpa.

The heat of vaporization is 309.4 Joule/g..

Specific heat (20℃)1.91j/(g℃).

Autoignition point: 42 1℃

Viscosity (20℃)0.734 MPa sec

Surface tension (20℃)25.09 mN/m

It can be mixed with organic solvents such as alcohol, ketone and ether. Compared with lower homologues, it is more difficult to dissolve in water, so it is also difficult to hydrolyze.

Second, butanone.

Colorless transparent liquid. It smells like acetone. Changeable. Can be mixed with ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform and oil. Soluble in 4 parts of water, but the solubility decreases with the increase of temperature. It can form an azeotropic mixture with water (containing 1 1.3%), with an azeotropic point of 73.4℃ (containing 88.7% butanone). Relative density (d204)0.805. Freezing point -86℃. The boiling point is 79.6℃. Refractive index (n15d)1.3814. Flash point 1. 1℃. Low toxicity, 50% lethal dose (rats, oral) 3300mG/kG. Flammable, vapor can form an explosive mixture with air, and the explosion limit is1.81%~1.5% (by volume). High concentration steam has anesthetic effect.

Chinese name

methyl ethyl ketone

Foreign name

2- butanone

CAS number

78-93-3

EINECS number

20 1- 159-0

Chinese alias

Butanone; ; MEK； 2- oxobutane

English alias

Butyl -2- one

structural formula

CH3COCH2CH3

Dangerous goods number

32073

molecular weight

72. 1 1

physical features

Colorless liquid with an odor similar to acetone.

Melting point (℃):-85.9

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8 1.

Boiling point (℃): 79.6

Relative steam density (air = 1): 2.42.

Saturated vapor pressure (kpa): 9.49 (20℃)

Combustion heat (kJ/mol): 244 1.8.

Critical temperature (℃): 260℃

Critical pressure (MPa): 4.40

Logarithmic value of octanol/water partition coefficient: 0.29

Flash point (℃):-9

Upper explosion limit% (v/v): 1 1.4.

Ignition temperature (℃): 404

Lower explosive limit% (v/v): 1.7.

Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol and ether, miscible in oil. [ 1]

Molecular structure data:

1, molar refractive index: 20.60[2]

2. Molar volume (m3/mol): 9 1.6 [2]

3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2 k): 196.3 [2]

4. Surface tension (dyne/cm): 2 1.0 [2]

5. Polarization (10-24cm3): 8.17 [2]

chemical property

1.

Butanone is prone to various reactions because of its carbonyl group and active hydrogen adjacent to the carbonyl group. Heating and concentrating with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide to generate 3,4-dimethyl -3- hexene -2- one or 3- methyl.

-Three, heptene May Day. Exposure to sunlight for a long time will produce ethane, acetic acid and condensation products. When oxidized with nitric acid, butanedione is formed. Acetic acid will be produced when it is oxidized with strong oxidant such as chromic acid. Butanone is relatively stable to heat.

Thermal cracking above 500℃ produces ketene or methyl ketene. When it is condensed with aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes, it produces high molecular weight ketones, cyclic compounds, ketals and resins. For example, condensation with formaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

Firstly, 2- methyl-1- butanol -3- one is generated, and then it is dehydrated to generate methyl isopropenyl ketone. When irradiated by sunlight or ultraviolet rays, the compound is resinated. Condensed with phenol to form 2,2-bis (4- hydroxyphenyl)

N-butane. Reacting with fatty acid ester in the presence of alkaline catalyst to generate beta-diketone. In the presence of acidic catalyst, it reacts with anhydride to generate β-diketone. React with hydrogen cyanide to produce cyanohydrin. React with ammonia

Generate ketopiperidine derivatives. The α -hydrogen atom of butanone is easily replaced by halogen, resulting in various halogenated ketones, such as 3- chloro -2- butanone. It reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to produce yellow 2,4-bis.

Nitrophenylhydrazone (melting point 1 15℃). [2]

2. Stability: stability. [2]

3. Prohibited compounds: strong oxidizing agent, alkali and strong reducing agent. [2]

4. polymerization hazard: no polymerization. [2]

Ecological data

1. Ecotoxicity

LC50: 1690 ~ 5640mg/L (96h) (blue gill sunfish); 3200mg/L (96h) (Silurus nigricans, pH value)

7.5); 1950mg/l (24h) (Artemia); & lt520/l (48h) (Daphnia, pH 8); 9 18 ~ 3349 mg/l (48 hours) (Daphnia, pH

Value 7.2 1)

Ic50:110 ~ 4300mg/l (72h) (algae). [2]

2. Biodegradability

Aerobic biodegradation (h): 24 ~168;

Anaerobic biodegradation (h): 96 ~ 672; [2]

3. Not biodegradable

Half-life of photooxidation in water (h):1.80×104 ~ 7.10×105;

Half-life (h) of photooxidation in air: 64.2 ~ 642;

Half-life of first-order hydrolysis (h): >; 50a .[2]

Third, the difference

The main uses of n-butyl acetate are: (1) as a solvent.

The solubility of sec-butyl acetate (SBA) is similar to that of n-butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate, and it can widely replace n-butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate in coating formulation.

In metallic flash paint, cellulose acetate butyrate can be dissolved with sec-butyl acetate to prepare 15% ~ 20% solution. Sec-butyl acetate has good solubility in many substances, and can be used as a solvent for manufacturing nitrocellulose paint, acrylic paint and polyurethane paint. These coatings can be used as aircraft wing coatings, artificial leather coatings, automobile coatings and so on. Sec-butyl acetate can also be used in the manufacturing process of celluloid products, rubber, safety glass, coated paper, patent leather and other products. It can also be used as a volatile solvent in offset printing and other printing inks; In addition, it can also be used as a quick-drying agent for photosensitive materials. (2) Used in pharmaceutical industry.

Sec-butyl acetate can be used to refine penicillin. Because of its moderate volatility and good skin permeability, it can also be used as a drug absorption promoting component. (3) used as a reaction medium

Sec-butyl acetate is a chiral molecule, which, like the other two commonly used butyl acetates, can be used as a reaction medium, such as the synthesis of trialkylamine oxide and N, N- diallyl ethylenediamine. (4) as an extractant component

Sec-butyl acetate can be used as extractant, such as extracting and separating ethanol-propanol, acrylic acid and other substances. Or as an azeotropic distillation solvent to partially replace toluene, xylene and methyl isobutyl ketone.