8. 19 reading the island to share-talking about photography

It used to be said that photography is poor for three generations, but now technology has developed, life has improved, and photography is no longer so far away. Many people buy a SLR as soon as they pat their heads before going out for a trip, and their mobile phone cameras are getting better and better. Every time you brush your circle of friends and see those high-profile photos sent by friends, will you feel envious? Actually, it can also be filmed. Let's follow me to learn about photography. (This shared reference book "New York Institute of Photography")

1. What is the theme of this photo? What is its universal significance?

2. How does the photographer turn his attention to the subject?

3. How did the photographer make a choice to simplify the picture?

When you see a photo or prepare to take a photo, you can think about these three questions by yourself.

You should have heard the saying "photography is the art of using light". Photography is nothing more than holding a camera. When you press the shutter button, the shutter will open and close after a while. In this short time, light will come in from the lens and shine on the rectangular photosensitive element, and tens of millions of photosensitive points on the photosensitive element will record the color of the light shining on it. So, you got a picture.

Refers to the amount of light entering the lens and shining on the photosensitive element in the process of photography, which is controlled by aperture, shutter and sensitivity.

The aperture consists of a series of blades, forming a round hole in the center. The size of the circular hole can be adjusted by adjusting the blades. The larger the circular hole, the more light enters the camera and reaches the image sensor. F is generally used to indicate the aperture. The smaller the f value, the larger the aperture and the more light entering.

The picture shows the aperture. It can be clearly seen that the aperture of 2 is much larger than that of 16, which means more light enters.

A shutter is a device that allows light to illuminate an image sensor for a precise period of time. Shutter speed is the time from opening to closing of the shutter. If the shutter speed is low and the shutter opening time is short, the amount of light coming in will naturally be less, and the amount of light read by the photosensitive element will naturally be less. On the contrary, when the shutter speed is high, the amount of light read by the photosensitive element is also large. The general expressions of shutter speed are1100s, 1/30s, 2s.

When shooting a fast-moving object, you can choose a way to shoot with a faster shutter speed, and you can shoot a clear picture, as if the motion of the object is frozen. At the same time, you can also choose slow shutter speed shooting. For example, if you shoot a flowing stream, you can shoot the feeling of satin with a slow shutter speed. We often see traffic, star tracks and so on. It was shot with a slow shutter.

The sensitivity of film is the chemical reaction speed of film to light, and it is also the standard of photosensitive speed in film manufacturing industry. The sensitivity of digital camera is an index similar to film. The smaller the ISO, the higher the image quality, and the larger the ISO, the more noise. For example, if we take photos with our mobile phone at night, you will find that the photos we take are very grainy, because the aperture of your mobile phone is fixed and the amount of light entering at night is small. In order to ensure the brightness of the picture, the mobile phone automatically raises the ISO value, so the picture is noisy.

1, Aperture Priority (AV): The photographer sets the aperture, and the camera automatically sets the "correct" shutter speed to achieve correct exposure.

2. Shutter priority (TV): The photographer sets the shutter time, and the camera automatically sets the "correct" aperture to achieve correct exposure.

3. Automatic mode (M): The aperture and shutter time are set by the photographer himself.

If you want to take photos for more than 30 seconds, you can use door B and press the shutter button to open the shutter. The shutter will not close until you release the button, but pressing the shutter continuously will cause the camera to shake, so you must use the cable release and tripod.

By the way, for a standard lens, the shutter speed should not be lower than1125 seconds or even 1/250 seconds to avoid camera vibration, so the tripod is a very important equipment in photography.

Distance from lens center to image sensor plane. The focal length determines the size of the image formed by the object on the imaging plane. With the same shooting distance, the longer the focal length, the greater the magnification of the image and the smaller the viewing range.

The 50mm lens is called the standard lens, because the horizontal angle of view when shooting with this lens is the field of vision when people observe the world around them. In other words, the area that people can see clearly when watching a scene is roughly the same as that obtained by a standard lens. A lens covering a large image field is called a wide-angle lens, and a lens covering a narrow image field is called a telephoto lens.

Auto focus: aim the focus on the viewfinder at the subject you want to focus on clearly, and then press the shutter half-way, then you will see that the subject suddenly becomes clear. Press the shutter halfway to lock the focus, then move the camera to your favorite composition, and press the remaining shutter button to get a picture with a clear composition and a theme that meets your requirements.

Manual focusing: A method of focusing by manually turning the focusing ring to adjust the camera lens so as to make the photos taken clear.

Personally, I usually use autofocus mode, because I am a little nearsighted, and I can't see clearly by manual focusing.

Mobile phone focusing: this is relatively simple. You only need to click on the subject you want to shoot on the screen in camera mode, and the mobile phone will automatically focus and measure the subject.

When the object is in sharp focus, all the scenes from a certain distance in front of the object to a certain distance behind it are also quite clear. The distance from front to back with a fairly clear focus is called depth of field. The depth of field behind the focus is about twice that in front of the focus. For example, when I shoot an object that is away from me 10 m, I find that the objects within the distance range of 8 m to 14 m are quite clear, and the plane of 10 m is the clearest, so the interval from 8 m to 14 m is the depth of field. Objects beyond this distance will appear blurred, and the farther away from the subject, the more blurred.

I have a little trick to share with you. If we go out to take a group photo of a class, there are four rows in total, we should focus on the students in the second row. This is the principle that the depth of field behind the focus is about twice that in front of the focus.

Photography is subtraction to highlight the theme, blurring is to reduce the depth of field, which can blur all the debris around. Here are some ways to reduce the depth of field:

1. Use a large aperture.

2. Get close to the focus, walk over or use a telephoto lens. Telefocus is like pulling a distant object in front of you, which makes it easier to create a blurred effect.

Look at the picture, because the Apple mobile phone itself is a big aperture, and the key is very close to me, the flowers and plants in the distance are blurred. And this photo of mine was taken in reverse light, and there is a circle of profile light around the key, which will be mentioned later.

The most common composition method is trisection composition, which divides the picture into three equal parts horizontally and vertically. At this time, four lines appear, and there are four points where the four lines intersect. Putting the subject on these four points or four lines is called composition by three points. For example, when I shoot a landscape film, let the sky take up one-third of the picture and the ground take up two-thirds, or let the sky take up two-thirds and the ground take up one-third, that is, I use the trisection method to compose the picture.

Balance: Picture balance is a concept in mechanics, which means that the subject in the picture is in a relatively balanced state, so that people's photos can have a sense of stability and comfort visually. It should be noted here that the eyes of the characters are also weighted. For example, my character stands in the right third of the picture and looks left. Although there is nothing on the left, my picture is balanced, because the eyes of the characters are heavy.

If the photos we take are not very balanced, we can make post-adjustment by double exposure and adding words.

1. Make sure the focus of the topic is clear.

2. Blur the surrounding debris.

3. Secondary composition. For example, my original subject was in the middle of the picture, surrounded by a lot of sundries, and the subject was not clear. We can change the composition by rotating and cutting, for example, cutting the theme into four points in the composition of trichotomy.

1. Lighting: side light, backlight.

Side light will make a girl's face look more stereoscopic, and backlight can make a silhouette light appear around the girl. If a girl has a good figure and a bad face, it is also a good way to take a silhouette against the light.

2. Large aperture

A large aperture can blur the surrounding environment, which is very dreamy and can highlight the theme.

Pay attention to your eyes

It is said that the eyes are the windows of the soul, so the eyes must be clearly focused and exposed normally. At the same time, we can consider focusing on the four intersections of the dichotomy.

4. the light of the eyes

You can let your sister stand in front of the door or window. The light coming in from the door and window will be reflected into the camera through your sister's eyes, and you will have a vision.

pose

Pose must bend, such as backache, headache, shoulder pain and so on.