Dear seniors, how to catalog coal mine geological forecast? Thank you.

1. The essence of coal mine geological work

The essence of coal mine geological work is to provide correct geological information for development and mining. With the continuous development of coal mining, coal mine geologists collect and sort out the geological phenomena exposed by shaft and roadway engineering, which creates conditions for studying geological changes and solving geological problems. Daily geological records can be integrated into two items: one is the original geological record, and the other is the comprehensive geological record.

2. Original geological records

In coal mine production, the progress of mining engineering will constantly expose many geological phenomena. In order to study geological conditions and solve geological problems encountered in production, mine geologists must observe geological phenomena in time and correctly, record and describe them in the form of words and maps as the basis for studying mine geological changes, and this work is the original geological catalogue of mines.

3. Requirements of original geological records

The original geological record requires mine geologists to record mine geological conditions timely, correctly and objectively, and collect and accumulate first-hand geological data. Whether the original cataloging results can truly reflect the objective situation is directly related to the understanding of mine geological problems.

With the continuous improvement of coal mining mechanization, the advancing speed of coal mining face is getting faster and faster. If the original logging is not carried out quickly, the exposed geological interface will soon be covered by the support or destroyed by the advance of the working face, which requires that the original geological logging work must be timely and rapid.

It is an objective requirement of modern mines to do a good job of original geological logging in time, correctly and objectively.

4. The main contents of the original geological records

4. 1 geological directory of roadway across coal seam;

Refers to the geological records of cross-layer roadway such as shaft and cross-cut. Taking Shimen as an example, the manual cataloging program:

(1) Measure the direction of the crosscut and determine the distance from the starting point of the catalogue to the nearby measuring point.

(2) According to different lithology, the strata exposed by the crosscut are layered underground.

(3) Hang the tape measure in the middle of a group of roadways.

(4) Measure the horizontal distance of each layer on site, describe lithology, and measure the occurrence of rock stratum and structural plane.

(5) Draw a certain proportion of the stone sketch indoors.

Among them, (1)-(4) is the outdoor work of the original directory, and (5) is the indoor work. In order to improve the cataloging efficiency, outdoor work can be completed by fast digital photography, and indoor work has also developed special processing software, which makes the cataloging effect more convenient, quick, objective and true.

4.2 Original geological records of bedding roadway:

(1) Original geological record of bedding roadway;

The cataloging method of horizontal coal roadway depends on the thickness and inclination of coal seam, and the cataloging work is generally carried out on the upper side. If the roadway can reveal the full thickness of coal seam and the dip angle is small, the mapping is generally discontinuous. It is only necessary to observe and record the full thickness, structure, occurrence and roof and floor characteristics of coal seams at a certain distance, draw a small histogram, and even draw a sketch of the catalogue.

The control principle of observation point distance should reflect the change of coal seam. According to the different degree of coal seam stability, observation shall be made at 100, 50, 30 and 10 meters respectively.

Any phenomenon such as coal seam bifurcation, pinch-out, erosion, fold, fault and magmatic intrusion into collapse column should be observed in detail, and sketches and brief text descriptions should be made to reflect the changing characteristics of geological phenomena.

The cataloging methods of steeply inclined thin and medium thick coal seams mostly use the combination of roadway upper wall profile and profile to reflect the changes of coal seams.

(2) Catalogue of Inclined Coal Seam

Roadways such as cut-off and upper and lower mining areas are usually driven up or down along the coal seam. In these tunnels, we can find the changing law of coal seam geological structure along the inclined direction, especially some recent faults and folds. The cataloging of this kind of roadway mostly adopts the method of drawing small columns at regular intervals. Sometimes, due to structural changes, roads may cross the roof/floor. When cataloging, the tape measure should be hung at the waist of the roadway as the baseline. Measure the thickness of small columnar coal strata from the baseline up and down, record relevant data, measure the slope with a tape measure, and draw a bunch of roadway sketches. In areas with great geological changes, detailed sketches should be prepared (detailed sketches can be digitally realistic) and detailed observation records should be made.

5 collation of original geological logging data

5. 1 Check, supplement and copy the original geological data

Check and supplement the messy and fuzzy downhole records after pulling out the well.

1) Clear the original geological map.

The measured sections and details are redrawn according to a certain proportion after the well is lifted, and inked and colored for long-term preservation as the basis for compiling various maps.

In the measured profile, the position of coal seam is plotted as small coal pillar of coal seam. For faults, folds and other structural phenomena, detailed sketches should be drawn in time. Enlarging the ratio of the small column of coal seam to the detailed geological sketch can help us understand the changes and geological phenomena of coal seam in more detail. The measured profile of mine roadway and mining face shall be bound into volumes according to the mining area and coal seam for later use.

2) Establish the original geological data account.

For faults, coal seam structure (coal thickness, structure, roof and floor), borehole data, hydrogeological data, small kiln data, reserves and other content, it is necessary to establish a detailed geological account.

6. The purpose of the original geological records

The geological data observed underground should be drawn on various maps in time, and the original geological maps should be continuously enriched and revised according to the new actual data to provide correct geological data for coal mine production. This is the purpose of the original geological logging work.

CMEE0608B products are suitable for original geological records of mines!

7 Comprehensive geological records

7. 1 Necessity of comprehensive geological record

Through the original geological record, geologists have obtained a lot of first-hand data, but these fragmentary data can not directly reflect the law of geological changes in the whole mine, nor can they explain the internal relations between various geological changes. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the original logging results. This is a comprehensive geological logging work.

7.2 Basic contents of comprehensive geological logging work

After sorting out the original cataloging results, they are reflected in various geological maps of the mine, supplemented by words. These maps are:

(1) Comprehensive histogram of coal measures and correlation diagram of coal measures strata

(2) Topographic and Geological Map

(3) Profile of exploration line

(4) Contour line of coal seam floor and calculation diagram of reserves

(5) Horizontal sectional view

7.3 Modification of General Geological Map

The contour map and horizontal profile map of coal seam floor are revised once every six months;

Topographic and geological maps, reserve calculation maps and exploration line profiles shall be revised at least once a year.

7.4 CMEE0608A geological logging instrument is suitable for comprehensive geological logging in mines.

CMEE0608A cataloging system can pre-install coal mine electronic engineer CMEE05 survey electronic engineer and CMEE06 geological electronic engineer, which is a perfect automatic production system of mine map.

The system can automatically mark the original cataloging results on various mine geological maps and complete the automatic modification of commonly used geological maps.

8 Status of Geological Logging Work

Original catalogue: underground measured sketch and underground manual sketch.

Comprehensive cataloging: the result of cataloging is shown in the above figure. Some mines are in the manual processing stage, and some mines have realized computer drawing, but now practical professional drawing software is available.

9. Present situation of original geological logging work

Mine geological surveying and mapping work, such as roadway geological logging, structural geological phenomenon sketch and structural fracture statistics, is the basic work to improve the reliability of mine geological prediction and accurately select geological exploration means. The essence of this basic work is to record the geological structure information revealed by excavation in time, accurately and carefully, so as to obtain and process useful information in various ways according to needs and serve the excavation project.

At present, on the one hand, with the continuous improvement of coal mining mechanization, the demand for efficient geological logging means in coal mines is increasing day by day; On the other hand, the traditional working methods of "manual field sketch, geological compass and tape measure" are still used to obtain geological information. This extremely inefficient operation mode can no longer meet the requirements of modern coal mines for geological logging.

10 key links affecting the efficiency of original cataloging and their solutions

10. 1 Basic steps of original cataloging work

An original directory standard process goes through the following five basic steps (taking Shimen as an example):

(1) Measure the direction of the cataloging roadway and calibrate the cataloging starting point.

(2) Strata division is carried out underground.

(3) Hang a tape measure to measure the layered thickness.

(4) Measure intervals, describe underground lithology, and measure occurrence and structural plane.

(5) indoor hand-drawn sketches.

Among them, (2) and (4) are the key links that affect the cataloging efficiency. Due to the limitation of underground environment and working conditions, it is time-consuming and laborious to divide strata and measure elements underground. In order to improve the cataloging efficiency, we must start from these two links and minimize the time of underground work.

In indoor work, it is also time-consuming and laborious to compile the schematic diagram manually in the fifth step, and developing the corresponding software can greatly improve the cataloging effect.

10.2 Basic conditions for efficient cataloging means

From the above analysis, we know that in order to improve the efficiency of original cataloging, we must start from three links (2), (4) and (5), reduce the time of underground work, obtain underground information as quickly as possible, and develop corresponding special software to replace manual sketch.

The development of modern digital photography technology and computer software technology provides technical support for new cataloging methods.

1 1. Photogrammetric geological catalogue

1 1. 1 Preliminary work of original geological catalogue for photogrammetry.

In the early 1980s, the General Research Institute of Coal Science carried out the research project of "photogrammetry of underground geological parameters", and developed an operation mode of shooting underground geological structures with 135 film camera, establishing indoor darkroom development photos, calculating with Sharp PC- 1500, and interpreting underground geological information by reading photos. Its iconic product is JLS series geological photographic recorder.

Due to the complexity of the operation process and the limitation of the calculation level at that time, the system can not be popularized and applied in coal mines, but the basic idea of studying underground geological structure phenomena by using mine geological photography is undoubtedly advanced.

1 1.2 record the original geology with CMEE0608B geological photographic recorder.

(1) Roadside Geological Catalogue

When selecting the shooting object according to the geological requirements, because of the limited width of the roadway, it is often impossible to display all the geological phenomena to be shot in one image frame, which needs to be compensated by the connection of image frames. CMEE0608B recorder adopts the method of "software connection" to deal with the problem of image frame connection. In order to help shoot connected images, a catalog marker ruler is set on the alley, and then the instrument is leveled, so that the optical axis of the photographic lens is perpendicular to the photographed surface to ensure the orthographic projection effect. When framing, the horizontally placed framing sign should be parallel to the upper and lower horizontal edges of the framing window.

(2) Head-on geological logging

When shooting a head-on or roadway section, it is similar to the above operation method. Generally, the image may include a panoramic view. Sometimes because the roadway has a certain slope, the optical axis of the lens can be tilted to a certain angle before shooting. Try to avoid the excavation time when shooting, so as not to affect each other.

(3) the problem of cataloging errors

The operation mode causes an error, and the possible operation modes are:

① The length of photographic baseline does not match the photographic distance, which affects the measurement results.

② The geological interface at the edge of the image frame is affected by the radial distortion of the lens, resulting in measurement errors.

(3) When calculating the occurrence, the distribution of measuring points selected on the actually measured geological surface is uneven and asymmetrical, which leads to errors.

④ On the measured interface, the selected measuring points are not representative, and the geometric plane formed by these points is quite different from the actual geological interface, resulting in errors. This situation is particularly prominent on the uneven geological interface.

⑤ The error caused by the inaccurate determination of the photographic baseline direction.

⑥ Error caused by improper operation.

⑦ Error caused by unclear marking points.

Strict implementation of operational requirements can reduce these errors. The application practice shows that the system accuracy of CMEE0608B mine geological photographic recorder can completely meet the requirements of general geological surveying and mapping, geological logging, structural phenomenon photographic recording and geological occurrence calculation.

(4) instrument adaptability

(1) CMEE0608B logging geological photography system is feasible in underground coal mine, and can meet the requirements of original geological logging in coal mine at present. Based on the principle of close-range photogrammetry, Mine Geological Photogrammetry Operation Method is easy to master and popularize in coal mine system, regardless of underground field operation or underground field operation.

(2) The photogrammetry method can record the actual (bare) underground geological structure in a true, accurate and detailed way, and it can be preserved permanently, so as to reproduce the original state of underground geological structure at any time, observe, analyze and extract useful parameters. These are far from what manual sketching can do, nor can it be done by increasing manpower and time. This is universally acknowledged.

(3) As the working hours of geologists are reduced, the working conditions of geologists have been improved to some extent. It will give geologists more time to engage in their professional and technical research, so as to give full play to their due role. This way. The time saved for geologists is incalculable.

④ In inaccessible places (such as dangerous places), photogrammetry is not affected or restricted.

(5) Examples of underground geological photography.

(6) Example of Geological Logging Profile