Basic skills of photography

The basic technology of photography, in real life, many people prefer photography, which is also a pleasure, but photography also needs to pay attention to skills, so as to take good photos, so let's share the basic technology of photography.

Basic photography technology 1 What is framing?

Shooting is to determine which elements are in your picture and in what state they appear.

What was the photo above taken? Except for the occasional over-interpretation, most people say it's a cat. Well, this is the frame. I just want to take a picture of this sharp kitten so that I can see it at a glance when I take a picture.

This is framing, which determines which elements are in the picture and the state of each element in the picture. Shooting will be the most difficult and important thing you need to learn all the time in photography.

What is exposure?

Exposure is simply the brightness of a photo. To put it more complicated, it is to control the color and brightness of each element in the photo.

For many novice photographers, exposure is an obstacle to learning photography. I see many people struggling for M range, spot metering and how to measure light every day. ...

In fact, when you really learn exposure, you will find that these are not problems. Because exposure, frankly speaking, is a technique to determine the color and brightness of each element in a photo.

What is virtual reality?

In many photos, we can see the combination of reality and reality. This is the skill of truth and falsehood. This technique allows us to decide which elements are clear and which elements are fuzzy.

However, the reality is not limited to this, and moving objects will also show fuzzy effects under the shooting of slow doors. So virtual reality is not just a "big aperture", there are other ways to realize it.

In reality, we need to know when it should be comprehensive and clear, when it should be combined with reality, and what virtualization methods are available. This chapter will make your photos more charming.

What is a composition?

When it comes to composition, many people confuse it with framing. In fact, the two are indeed related. But when I explain what combination is, everyone will know the difference between the two. Composition does not determine which elements are in the frame, nor does it determine the state of these elements. Composition mainly determines the position of these elements in the picture.

For photography, there are two basic composition methods in common use, and some composition methods are determined according to the shooting scene.

Composition means that we need to learn how to make the picture look comfortable, or other feelings that you want to express in line with the theme of the photo.

Basic skills of photography II. Basic knowledge of photography

1, the wider the light source, the softer the light. Conversely, the narrower the light source, the harder the light.

A wide range of light sources can weaken shadows, reduce contrast and suppress textures, while a narrow light source has the opposite effect. This is because the wider the light source, the more directions the light shines on the object, which will increase the lighting in the scene and reduce the shadows.

Tip: Arrange the portrait theme next to a big bright window to avoid direct sunlight. Windows can play the role of soft boxes, and the studio does not need special equipment.

The closer the light source is, the softer the light is.

Conversely, the farther the light source is, the harder the light is. This is because the closer the light source is to the subject, the bigger it is, and the wider it is; The farther the light source is from the subject, the smaller it is, that is, the narrower it is.

Take the sun as an example. The diameter of the sun is 109 times that of the earth. It's a fairly wide light source! However, the sun is 93 million miles away from the earth (about 65.438+0.5 billion kilometers), accounting for only a tiny part of the earth's sky, so the light is very hard when the sun shines directly on objects.

Tip: When you shoot a portrait indoors with existing lighting, you can change the distance between the light source and the subject to make the light of the photo more moving.

3. Diffuse reflection can disperse light, making the light source wider and the light softer.

The essence of using diffuse scattering to disperse light is to broaden the light source, so as to achieve the purpose of softening light. When clouds block sunlight, the shadow on the object will be obviously reduced, and if there is fog, the shadow will disappear. Clouds, gloomy skies and fog will diffuse light, and diffusion will spread light in all directions. On cloudy and foggy days, the whole sky will become a very broad light source and a natural soft box.

Tip: materials such as translucent plastic or white fabric can be used to diffuse strong light. You can add a soft mask in front of the artificial light source, such as the flash in the studio; If you are in bright sunlight, you can also use a hood or soft box to soften the light.

4. Reflect diffused light

Shooting a narrow beam on a large frosted surface (such as a wall, roof or frosted reflector) will spread to a wider area when reflected.

Tip: Knead a large piece of aluminum foil into a ball, unfold it and wrap it on a piece of cardboard, and a soft light reflector will be made. Although the diffusion effect of this self-made reflector is not as good as that of the white matte reflector, it can add shiny spots to the photos.

5. The farther the light source is, the faster the light decays and the darker the subject is.

For example, the distance from the light source to the subject increases by 1 times, and the light falling on the subject is only a quarter of that before the distance increases. The light will decay rapidly with the distance from the light source. This rule should be remembered that if you want to move the light source or subject, you must change the quality of the light.

Tip: When shooting portraits outdoors in bad weather, you should use a flash (hot boots or pop-ups), which can eliminate the shadow on the face of the person and will not affect the exposure of the background, because the light emitted by the flash can be ignored when it reaches the background.

Second, shooting skills

1, taking a long focal length lens as the main shooting lens (120 camera is about 250mm lens or 135 camera is about 135 mm lens), and taking its short depth of field function.

2. According to the principle of portrait formula composition method, close-up, half-length, seven-point or full-body composition can be taken directly, about 5-8 steps away from the subject.

3. During exposure, according to the characteristics of portrait photography, the aperture compensation of 1 ~ 2 should be turned on to make the facial texture brighter. The light on people's faces is soft and bright, which is the focus of this kind of photos.

4. In order to create bright eyes, it is best to place a reflector or whiteboard in front of the portrait to make the eyes reflect bright spots.

5. When printing, it is best to follow the post-processing skills and printing soft focus treatment to completely soften the skin, so as to achieve the soft effect of the whole photo.

Photographic terminology

1, image depth

The front boundary of the depth of field and the back boundary of the depth of field respectively * * * the distance between the two imaging planes of the yoke. Image depth corresponds to the depth of field, and the greater the image depth, the greater the depth of field. Criteria for determining the depth of field: 135 The diameter of the blur circle allowed by the camera is generally 1/30mm, that is, 0.033 mm ..

2. hyperfocal distance:

When the lens is focused at infinity, the scene at infinity forms a clear image, and at the same time, the object at a certain point at a limited distance can reach a clear standard, and the object near this point is blurred, so the distance between this object and the lens is hyperfocal distance.

3. Focal length:

The distance from the center of the lens to the focus. The unit of focal length is usually expressed in mm (millimeter). The focal length of the lens is usually marked in front of the lens, for example, f=50mm (this is what we usually call a "standard lens" because its viewing angle is the same as that of the human eye), and the focal length of 28-70mm (our most commonly used lens) is most suitable for taking portraits, 70-210 mm.

4. Aperture:

A device that controls the amount of light passing through a lens. The aperture is represented by f, including f 1.0, f 1.4, f2.0, f2.8, f4.0, f5.6, f8.0, f1,f 16 and f22.

What are the three basic knowledge of photography?

The three basic knowledge of photography are the flexible use of focal length, the use of light and the focusing of eyes.

1, eyes are the key.

The most important thing in portrait photos is the characteristics and charm of the characters. If the characteristics and charm of the characters can't be displayed, then the portrait notes will look dim. And people's eyes are the windows to the soul. If you want to show the charm of the characters, you must catch people's eyes. This is also the reason why many photographers emphasize the focus on the eyes of the characters when taking portraits.

2. Use of light

Portrait shooting can capture the characteristics of people under different light and scenery. If you want to use different lights to capture the characteristics of people, then you must understand and use light.

3. Flexible coke segment

Different focal lengths and different lenses have different shooting effects, depending on how you choose. Generally speaking, 35mm is more suitable for taking full-length portraits, and at the same time, the surrounding pictures can be taken in. However, the wider the focal length of the lens, the higher the requirements for the background, and the background should be concise and clear, which will not interfere with the characters.

Precautions:

1. The closer to the subject, the larger the irradiation area and the softer the light quality.

2. When filling the light, be sure to lift the reflector above your head to fill the light. This light supplement effect comes from the upper part of the main body, which is harmonious and natural. If you put it on your chest to fill the light, the light source will come from below the subject, which will cause ugly bottom light effect, which is a mistake that many photographers are prone to make.

3. When using the reflector to fill the light, shake the reflector left and right, and carefully observe whether the position of the fill light is accurate and effective.