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Confucius' word "Zhong" shows that he ranks second among the brothers, but if the sisters are sorted together, the order is Meng, Zhong, Shu and Ji. Among brothers and sisters, the eldest (big brother or big sister) is Meng. Therefore, Confucius is the second child in the family, and his word is Zhong Ni, but his brother's word is Meng Pi, not Pi Bo. When Confucius was three, Shu died of illness. After that, Confucius' family was quite poor. Because of troubled times, the benevolent policy advocated by Confucius has no room for display, but during the three months of governing Lu, the powerful State of Qi was also afraid of Confucius' talents, which shows that Confucius is a well-deserved title of outstanding politician. Political dissatisfaction made Confucius devote a large part of his energy to education. Confucius once worked as a scout in Lu, then traveled around the world with his disciples and finally returned to Lu to concentrate on teaching. Confucius broke the monopoly of education and started a private school, with as many as 3000 disciples, including 72 sages and 72 famous sages. Many of these 72 people are the pillars of senior officials in various countries. It also continued the glory of Confucian school.

Confucius had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Although he "narrated but didn't do it", he was known as "Heaven Sage", "Heaven Muduo" and "Eternal Sage" when he was alive, and he was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time. Later generations respected him as "the most holy" (the sage among saints) and "the teacher of all ages", and thought that he was a combination of poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and happiness, and wrote Spring and Autumn Annals with the preface of Zhouyi (called the Ten Wings of the Book of Changes, or Yi Zhuan). The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucian school, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and their descendants. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. It is also called "Four Books" with Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius. There are twenty popular Analects of Confucius. The language of The Analects is concise and profound, and many of its remarks are still regarded as wisdom by the world. Emerson, an American poet and philosopher, thinks Confucius is the glory of all nations in the world. 1988, 75 nobel prize winners gathered in Paris and issued a joint declaration after the meeting, calling on the world that "if human beings want to survive in the 2 1 century, they must look back 2,500 years ago and learn wisdom from Confucius."

Editing this political career

Confucius was extremely clever and studious when he was young. At the age of twenty, he was already very learned and was praised as a "learned man" by people at that time. At the same time, little known is that Confucius inherited the bravery of his father Shu, who was 9 feet 6 inches tall, which was 22 1.76 cm according to the Western Han Dynasty. The arm strength is extraordinary, far from the image of a weak scholar that some people think in later generations. Besides, Confucius was an extraordinary drinker, and it was said that he had never been drunk. But Confucius never prided himself on being brave and addicted to alcohol. Confucius wanted to do something since he was in his twenties, so he was very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about many issues of governing the country, and often expressing some opinions. By the time he was 30, he was already famous. In the twenty years of Lu, he visited Lu and summoned Confucius to discuss the question of being king with him, and Confucius got to know him. In the twenty-fifth year of Lu, civil strife occurred in Lu, and Lu was forced to flee to Qi. Confucius also left Lu for Qi, where he was appreciated and entertained by Qi Jinggong. He even prepared to seal the fields around Nishi to Confucius, but the doctor Yan Ying stopped him. In the twenty-seventh year of Lu, at that time, the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. When Confucius heard this, he turned to Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can still use it." Confucius had to flee to Lu. At that time, the state of Lu was actually in the hands of the doctor's retainer, which was called "ruling the country with the minister." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave them up until he was appointed as the capital master in 9 years. At this time, Confucius was 5 1 year old. Confucius was in charge of Zhongdu for one year, and his achievements were outstanding. He was promoted to a small ordinary, and soon he was promoted to a big sheep herder, taking photos to take care of Lu. 12 years, in order to weaken the tricyclic big noble, it was called tricyclic because it was the offspring of three sons. At that time, the state power of Lu was actually in their hands, and some ministers of the Third Ring Road also controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees. Confucius took the measure of reducing the capital (that is, tearing down the castle built by the Third Ring Road). Later, the action of capturing the three capitals was abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and the Third Ring Road was also exposed. /kloc-in 0/3, Lu Dinggong of Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu to accept female music. The monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon after, Lu held a suburban sacrifice, and when he gave the meat to the doctor after the sacrifice, he didn't give it to Confucius as usual, indicating that Ji didn't want to hire him again. Confucius left Shandong and began to travel around the world when he had to find a way out. Confucius first took his disciples to Weiguo, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. According to Lu's salary standard, he was given a salary of 60 thousand, but he was not given an official position and was not allowed to participate in politics. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius, and sent someone to publicly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius left Weiguo with his disciples and planned to go to Chen. When passing through Kuangcheng, I was besieged for five days because of misunderstanding. I fled Kuangcheng, came to Dipu, met my uncle, a patriotic aristocrat who launched a rebellion, and was besieged again. After his escape, Confucius returned to China to defend his country. Wei Linggong was very happy to hear that Confucius and his disciples had returned from Dipu, and went to meet him in person. Since then, Confucius has gone abroad several times and returned to China several times. On the one hand, Wei Linggong had both good and bad feelings towards Confucius; On the other hand, after Confucius went abroad, he had nowhere to go and had to return. In the second year (Confucius was 59 years old), Confucius left Wei, passed through Cao, Song and Zheng, and went to Chen, where he lived for three years. When Wu attacked Chen, the war broke out and Confucius left with his disciples. When the Chu people heard that Confucius had arrived at the junction of Chen and Cai, they sent someone to meet him. The doctors of Chen and Cai knew that there was something wrong with what Confucius did, and they were afraid that Confucius would be reused in Chu, which was not good for them. So they sent laborers to surround Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, not relying on the village in front or the shops behind. After eating all the food they brought, they were deprived of food for seven days. Finally, Zigong found the Chu people, and Chu sent troops to meet Confucius, so that Confucius and his disciples were saved from death. Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68, but he was still respectful. Lu Aigong 16, Confucius was 73 years old and died of illness.

Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful.

When Confucius was 62 years old, he once described himself like this: "He is also a human being. He forgets to eat when he is angry, and forgets his worries when he is happy. He doesn't know that his old age is coming." At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius was not discouraged, still optimistic, stuck to his ideals, and even knew that he could not do it.

Be content with poverty

Confucius was upright in nature and advocated that the straight line should be linked with Confucius' theory of benevolence, righteousness and propriety. In the general plan of governing the country, he advocates that "governing the country by virtue" is the noblest way to govern the country. This strategy of governing the country is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by courtesy". In fact, this strategy broke the traditional creed that courtesy is no less than Shu Ren's, and broke the original important boundary between nobles and civilians. Confucius' theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of human nature, while Confucius' theory of propriety embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanism is the eternal theme of mankind, which is applicable to any society, any era and any government, and order and institutional society are the basic requirements for establishing a civilized human society. This humanitarianism and order spirit of Confucius is the essence of China's ancient social and political thought.

As if to provide an example for "Confucianism is a good medicine to help the world in today's society", in the middle and late 20th century, Singapore, South Korea, Japan and other countries influenced by the Confucian cultural circle developed rapidly and became newly industrialized countries. The success of these countries has aroused widespread concern among scholars, one of which is the relationship between Confucian culture and economic development. Therefore, in the group discussion, the practice of Confucianism in Singapore in the 1980s and 1990s became an important topic, especially in resisting western individualism and emphasizing social consciousness, thrift, tolerance and frugality, which can be affirmed as a new way of modern society.

Du Weiming, one of the most famous contemporary Confucian scholars, once pointed out that compared with South Korea, Singapore and even Taiwan Province Province in China, there is still a gap in maintaining the Confucian tradition in Chinese mainland. Many scholars believe that with the China people's thirst for traditional culture, the popularization of Confucianism in China and its spread around the world should become an important topic in the current study of Confucianism. Wang Junlin of Shandong University thinks that if Confucianism only stays in the small circle of Confucianism, it is usually regarded as a kind of thought and theory, and it is hard to say that it is a kind of culture. Only when Confucianism goes out of the small circle of Confucianism, comes to the society, goes deep into the public, becomes something that people like to see and hear, promotes ethical codes, regulates people's behavior, and advocates benevolence and righteousness to change social atmosphere, will Confucian culture be bred from Confucianism. Macao scholars also suggested that Confucius should be read for one minute every day in primary and secondary schools. On September 28th, the delegates went to the Confucius Temple in Qufu to attend the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius. Therefore, some delegates discussed the ceremonies of offering sacrifices to Confucius around the world. Kong Xianglin of Confucius Institute pointed out that there are Confucius temples in China, South Korea, Vietnam and Japan. In ancient China, there were also Confucian temples at all levels of government, which had three important social functions: respecting morality, serving the public and educating people. Through Confucius Temple, the government educates its subjects to study Confucianism, respect morality and emphasize righteousness, sharpen ethics and strengthen moral cultivation. This kind of cultural facilities plays a very important role in the spread of a cultural spirit, and should be paid enough attention and protected in today's society. Zhao Rongguang, a professor at Zhejiang Gongshang University, compared the Confucius Temple ceremonies in Qufu, Taibei and Sungkyunkwan in China, and thought that the Confucius Temple ceremony should reproduce the original historical appearance according to the museum principle, and strengthen a series of specific matters such as related systems, etiquette, music and dance, costumes, utensils and sacrifices. According to 55 1 year BC (the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu), Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). Because my parents prayed for the birth of a child on Niqiu Mountain, they named it Qiuzi. Confucius died when he was three years old, and his mother and son were not accepted by Shi (Shu's wife). Yan Zhizhai, the mother of Confucius, had to move to Qufu Que with Confucius and Meng Pi, and her life was difficult. 17 years old, Confucius' mother Yan zhizai died, and he served three years of mourning. When Confucius 19 years old, he married an official in the Song Dynasty. A year later, the official gave birth to a son. Zhao Gong sent someone to congratulate him. Confucius felt very honored, so he named his son carp, Apollo. In the tenth year of Lu Aigong (485 BC), Mrs. Confucius died. According to Confucius' family stories and historical records, in his youth, Confucius used to be a "Commissioner" (a small official in charge of warehouses) and a "farmer" (a small official in charge of pastures), and everything was almost perfect. Because of Confucius' extraordinary ability and knowledge, he was quickly promoted. By the time Confucius was 51 years old, he was appointed as Zhongduzai (equivalent to the current mayor, in Wenshang County, Jining City), and his political achievements were very remarkable. One year later, he was promoted to Sikong (equivalent to the current Minister of Construction) and later to Dashikou (equivalent to the director of the local public security department and the procurator of the Supreme People's Court); At the age of 56, he was promoted to acting prime minister and concurrently served as foreign minister (Confucius was promoted too quickly to meet the promotion standards of officials at that time, so he was acting prime minister). When Confucius was in power, he immediately killed Shao Zhengmao, a traitor who disturbed political affairs, making him famous for a while. It can be seen that Confucius is not a pedantic pedant as some people think in later generations, but a man who dares to act without being violent. Only three months after Confucius came to power, all aspects of internal affairs and foreign affairs in Shandong have been greatly improved, the national strength has greatly increased, the people live and work in peace and contentment, the social order is very good (the history book says, "the road is not picked up, the door is not closed at night"), and traitors and unruly people have fled; At the same time, Confucius also forced Qi to return the large territory occupied by Lu in the war to Lu through diplomatic means. 12 years, in order to weaken the Third Ring Road (the third-generation leader and uncle Heshi were called the Third Ring Road because they were three grandchildren), the state power of Lu at that time was actually in their hands, and some retainers of the Third Ring Road also controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees), and Confucius took measures to reduce the Third Ring Road (that is, demolishing the castle built by the Third Ring Road). Confucius' political ideal could not be realized at that time, but Confucius' greatness lies in "knowing that it is not feasible", and he pinned his political ideal on future generations. Confucius therefore stopped direct political activities after returning to Lu, and continued to sort out cultural classics and revise the Six Classics. On the one hand, he recruited disciples and carried out cultural and educational undertakings on a large scale. According to legend, he taught more than 3,000 disciples, among whom 72 were proficient in Six Arts. In his later years, Yan Hui, the most proud disciple of Confucius, unfortunately died young. His favorite pupil, Lu, died of civil strife in Wei, and his son died young. Under the "Tao can't work" and this series of blows, the author suspects that Confucius' health has been greatly damaged. Confucius died on February 1 1 in 479 BC at the age of 73 (72).

Confucius genealogy

Zhong You, former 542 ~ 480, was born in Bianqiao Village, Quanlin Town, surabaya county. He is a proud pupil of Confucius and is famous for his political affairs. He is straightforward, reckless, brave and filial. In addition to studying poetry and etiquette, he also drove for Confucius, worked as a bodyguard, and traveled around the world with Confucius, which was highly valued. Confucius said, "Luz is brave and delighted to hear it." The first official is Lu, and the last official is Wei. When Confucius was king in Lu, he was the butcher of history and later the butcher of doctors. In 480 AD, his mother made his younger brother Kuaiqin the monarch, threatened Wei to dismiss him, and fled after hearing the news. Lutz heard the news outside and went to town to see Quine. The crown tassel shot by Kuai Ming's troops has its eyes torn out. He severely reprimanded, "The death of a gentleman is inevitable." Fasten the hat and tassel resolutely, and die calmly. Duanmu Ci, born in 520 ~ 456, was named Duanmu Heji and Wei (now Xunxian County, Henan Province). He used to be the spokesman of Lu and Wei, the most successful of the 72 sages of Confucius, and a leader in the field of speech. Zi Gong was a great diplomat and businessman in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was praised as "the originator of Confucian businessmen" by later generations. Confucius once called it "the instrument of Hu Lian". He is eloquent, eloquent, practical and knowledgeable. He is also good at doing business. He once did business between Cao and Lu, which made him rich. Become the richest man among Confucius disciples. Sima Qian's Biography of Zhong Ni's Disciples, written in Historical Records, used the most pen and ink on Zi Gong, and his biography was the longest among Confucius' disciples. This phenomenon shows that in Sima Qian's eyes, Zi Gong is a very unusual figure. We follow this idea of Sima Qian, and then carefully read the Analects of Confucius and other books, we can see that Zi Gong is an unusual figure. His great influence and role are beyond the reach of Confucius' disciples: excellent academic performance, rich cultural accomplishment, outstanding political and diplomatic ability and superb financial management ability. Historical Records Confucius Family: Confucius is nine feet six inches long (more than 1.9 meters today, specifically 196.8cm), and is known as a "long man".

Edit this famous sentence handed down from ancient times.

Unjust wealth is like a cloud to me. It is not enough to discuss those who are ambitious and ashamed of poor food and clothing. If you don't learn manners, you can't stand it In a threesome, there must be a teacher, a good one to follow, and a bad one to change. A person's real knowledge lies in knowing what he knows and what he doesn't know. He is quick-thinking and eager for knowledge, and he is never shy to ask his subordinates for advice. Don't seek summer, don't mess with China, don't join the League, and don't force soldiers. Be cautious in the end, pursue the distance, and be virtuous.

Edit this Confucius cookbook

Confucius attached great importance to diet. His dietary concept is complete and self-contained, involving dietary principles, dietary etiquette, cooking techniques and so on. , expanding the thinking space of China's ancient diet theory. The following is Confucius' classic exposition on diet: food is not tired of essence, and food is not tired of detail. If you eat it, the fish will be hungry, the meat will be defeated, and you will not eat it. Don't eat evil, don't eat smelly. If you don't eat, you don't eat from time to time. Don't eat it if it's not cut properly. No sauce, no food. Although there is a lot of meat, there is nothing better than eating. There is no limit to wine, and it is not chaotic.

Edit this paragraph of Confucius Institute

Confucius Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK

Confucius Institute is a non-profit public welfare organization established overseas with the purpose of teaching Chinese and spreading China culture on the basis of learning from the experience of foreign institutions in promoting their own languages. It adheres to Confucius' ideas of "harmony is precious" and "harmony is different", promotes the exchange and integration of Chinese and foreign cultures, and aims to build a harmonious world with lasting peace and prosperity. Since the first Confucius Institute in the world was established in Korea on June 5438+065438+ 10, 2004, by February 65438+2009, 583 Confucius Institutes and Confucius Classrooms had been established in 87 countries around the world, becoming a global brand and platform for spreading Chinese culture and promoting Chinese teaching. The target is 1000 in 20 12.

Edit this paragraph, personal influence.

During the Spring and Autumn Period of Confucius' life, the political system based on blood clan in the Western Zhou Dynasty collapsed, and the "Zhu Xia" ethnic group based on cultural identity was forming. This is the era when China people's cultural awareness first occurred. Classicism became fashionable, and some people began to think about the problems of heaven, life and world order. Cultural education, which was originally monopolized by nobles, is gradually flowing into the people. Confucius is the representative and master of the spirit of this era. He initiated a hundred schools of thought during the Warring States Period. The Analects of Confucius is the main work to understand his thoughts.

Edit the book of the same name in this paragraph.

Title: Confucius Author: Ji Publishing House: Central University for Nationalities Press:1998 ISBN: 97878105 167 format:16 full volume price: 498.00 yuan Content Description: " Confucius is divided into six parts: The first part: The Sun of the East-The Complete Biography of Confucius, which systematically introduces the life of Confucius. Confucius' life from birth to death is divided into several short stories in chronological order. The second part: The Great Wall of Thought-On Confucius systematically summarizes Confucius' philosophical, political, educational and economic thoughts. The third part: "Walking with Great Men-Enlightenment from Confucianism", starting from the essence of the old saying, draws the enlightenment of social life: providing winning strategies for political struggle, providing winning secrets for production and management, and providing the best method for social communication. The fourth part: "the salary transmission of wisdom-the inheritance of Confucianism", describes in detail the inheritance, development and evolution of Confucianism from the end of the Spring and Autumn Period to the present 2500 years. The fifth part: The Complete Works of Confucianism Oriental Classics, which includes five classics and four books. The sixth part: "Ideal management-modern Confucian management thought and its application", specifically applying Confucianism to modern management. Combine Confucianism with modern management. Confucianism advocates "courtesy" and "loyalty" and "faith".

Edit comics of the same name

Producer Liang Guodian Liu Changyun Zhao Xiande Director Zhao Xiande Chief Screenwriter Li Executive Chief Screenwriter Feng Li Executive Director Dubbing Director Liu Jian Fu Guohang Music Director Wang Li Academic Consultant Fu Peirong Wang Jun Lin Liuhui Literature Consultant Zhang Wei Art Director Dai Dunbang Chief Screenwriter Liang. Haoliyou Food Co., Ltd., jointly produced by Liu Changyun, the chief producer of Guodian, Li Qun, Ji Xianlin, Han Xikai and Fan Ceng, Chongde Film and Television Media Co., Ltd., the producer of china confucius foundation, and Phoenix Star Film and Television Media Co., Ltd., premiered in September 2009. A set of basic information cartoons of CCTV Animation City tells the inspirational story of Confucius' growth from a poor teenager to several generations of teachers, and depicts Confucius' three life stages respectively. The 100-episode animated film Confucius invested nearly 50 million yuan and used a strong behind-the-scenes creative team. Ji Xianlin, a master of Chinese studies, once served as the general consultant of cartoons, and personally wrote the title of the film. The first half of the script is mainly written by Zhang Yimou's "golden screenwriter" Feng Li, and the second half is written by the famous writer Ye. Finally, Zhang Wei, chairman of Shandong Writers Association, coordinated the whole manuscript and filled in the theme songs of comics "I am your fragrance" and "Forever Memory". Liu, the host of CCTV, acted as the voice director of this cartoon and voiced the orchid, Confucius' "confidante". Kong Xiangdong, a famous musician and descendant of Confucius, created music for cartoons, and Fan Ceng, a painter from China, also gave a lot of guidance to the character design of cartoons. The art production team of the cartoon Confucius is also quite strong. Zhao Xiande said that the crew specially invited Mr. Dai Dunbang, a master figure painter, as a design consultant and gathered a group of senior animation designers. In the final analysis, this powerful attraction comes from the enduring charm of China culture. With the cooperation of popular cartoons and the love activities in full swing, the small audience personally realized that the spirit of "benevolence" is not only an old saying that is regarded as a classic, but also a norm that can be practiced in life. The education of children's Chinese studies can also draw nutrition from the great effect of the cartoon Confucius, so that the knowledge of Chinese studies can be conveyed to children more effectively. Chow Yun Fat-Confucius

Edit the movie with the same name.

Title: Confucius Type: Plot Region: Language: Putonghua Director: Hu Mei Starring:-Confucius Chen Jianbin-Ji Hengzi Zhou Xun-Nanzi-Lu-Qi Jinggong Bi-Wei Linggong Wang Huichun-Qi Dafu Li Yan Xu Huanshan-Lao Zi Lu.

—— Wang Ban —— He Kaili —— Guan Qiao Zhenyu —— Li Huan —— Prince Guo of Wei defeated Li Xinru —— Nishang Tan Linhao —— Children's release time: 20 10 65438+22 10 Duration: 2 hours Producer: Han Sanping Liu Cenrong Jianxun Producer. Film director: Bao, styling design:, composer: theme song: You (sung by Faye Wong), ending song: You Singing: Faye Wong producer: China Film Group Corporation Culture Communication (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Entertainment Co., Ltd. Synopsis: In the 6th century BC, the Zhou Dynasty, which stood for hundreds of years, was in jeopardy, and various vassal states were divided in order to dominate. This is a glorious era in the history of China, a glorious era. There are wars, heroes, ideas and works in this era, and the history of China is called the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius' famous mountain, the word Zhong Ni. He was born in a declining aristocratic family in Lu, a small vassal state at that time, and he was worried about social chaos, hoping to influence the historical process of the Spring and Autumn Period country with his thoughts and wisdom beyond the times. However, just like the early experiences of other sages in history, the time of Confucius has not yet arrived. Although Zeng Shiguan was an official in Lu, he brought dignity and strong hope to Lu with his courage and wisdom, but his political ideal was shattered in the face of reality. Later, Confucius led his disciples to run around the world for fourteen years for his own ideals, spreading ideas and trying to fight against the whole era. It's a pity that he is too overbearing in this world to stand. He was besieged by the disorderly army several times and was in a desperate situation. He was also involved in the whirlpool of political conspiracy, and even misunderstood by the world ... He returned to his motherland in his later years, but he did not hide it and made unremitting efforts to educate his disciples and organize documents. Confucius died in frustration, and his passion for serving his country was wasted. However, if the ceremony breaks down, it will eventually set an example for all generations! After his death, his words, deeds and thoughts were finally recognized and respected by future generations, which became an important source of Chinese national spirit and was honored as a "great teacher". In the film tidbits and trailers, the sage Kong easily dissolved the sword stabbed by the barbarians with rattan, and was described as a sage Kong who also knew kung fu. But in the official film, this "martial arts drama" of Confucius was cut out. The 30-second trailer for the ultimate edition of Confucius International was edited by the film's photography guide package. The modeling design team led by Lin Chaoxiang and Mao Huaiqing created 3,500 kinds of ancient and gorgeous props, which set a record for the production of props in China film history. From the ornamentation on weapons to the words on armor, to the complete set of bells in the Palace Museum for the complete poster of Confucius.

Roger that. Director Hu Mei revealed that Chow Yun Fat shed tears when talking about Confucius. "He said he was lonely, too. He was playing himself."

Edit this paragraph about the cultural heritage of Confucius Temple.