Teaching plan of Wang Anshi's excellent course "You Bao Chan" (2)

(1) The first paragraph introduces the general situation of Baochan Mountain.

After thinking and discussing the following questions in groups, send representatives to answer them.

1. The paragraphs are described in turn (one word in each box): mountain, mountain, mountain, mountain.

2. Draw a spatial orientation map

3. Discussion: Why do you want to mention the words on the servant tablet in particular? The distinction between "Hua" and "Hua" embodies Wang Anshi's habit of drilling ci, and he was ridiculed by people at that time. What do you think of his habits?

4. Why is "Mount Hu" a "sound fallacy"?

Students think and answer.

Tip: 1. Miaodong monument

2. Writing the servant tablet is to pave the way for the following discussion. The author carefully examines the words on the servant tablet and explores the origin of things, which fully embodies his exploration spirit of "thinking deeply" and is also the basis for proposing "thinking deeply and choosing fine" in the following discussion.

3. Chinese characters did not have the word "flower" at first, and the word "flower" was written like a flower in Xiaozhuan; "Hua" is the last word, which is divided into "Hua" and "Hua", and "Hua" is pronounced as "huá". Wang Anshi believes that the word "Hua" on the inscription is written according to the ancient sound, and it should still be pronounced as "huā" instead of "huá".

(2) The fourth paragraph is about the feelings gained from the servant tablet.

1. Read the name out loud.

2. Student discussion: What does the author say in this paragraph? How is this view derived? How does the fourth paragraph coordinate with the first paragraph?

Hugging: I think that academic research should not be credulous and blindly followed, but should be "thoughtful", that is, it needs to be carefully analyzed and thought through one's own mind, and then carefully absorb the truth and discard the fallacies. This view is undoubtedly correct. The author adopts the double negation of "no … no …" ("you can't take it seriously without thinking"), emphasizing "thoughtful and cautious"

In the first paragraph, the author thinks that ancient books don't exist, and that the situation of "pronunciation fallacy" and "transmission fallacy" can't "win", which naturally leads to the conclusion that research must be "thoughtful". The "servant tablet" mentioned above provides specific information for the discussion of "thoughtful and meticulous" attitude towards learning later.

Abstract: The first paragraph gives a clear description of the places visited (including Baochan, Huikong Temple and Huashan Cave), mainly explaining the origin of the names of Baochan and Huashan Cave. Identifying the word "Hua" should be a misunderstanding of the words written on the servant tablet in the fourth paragraph. The description of the servant tablet in the first paragraph should take care of the previous description and lay the foundation for the following discussion.

(3) The second paragraph records the process of visiting Huashan Cave.

1. Question: How many layers can the second paragraph be divided into?

It can be divided into two layers: the first layer: the front hole and the back hole; The second layer: recall what you saw in the back hole and express regret.

Hugging: This passage first introduces the front hole and the back hole, then describes the situation of swimming in the back hole, and then analyzes that they had the conditions to swim in the hole, but the result was that they turned back halfway to introduce the front hole very simply, only pointing out that "there are many tourists" because it is "flat"; The introduction of the back hole is more specific, and writing "graceful and restrained" highlights its danger. Writing "cold" and "deep" is related to "graceful and restrained", which is also the truth that "a good traveler cannot be poor" Before and after writing, the two caves care for each other, focusing on "graceful and restrained"-dangerous, deep, exhausted and cold.

2. Q: What comparisons were used? What are the functions?

Hugging: the front hole (19) is sketched, and the characteristics of the back hole and the comparison of what the back hole sees and feels are written in detail: ① comparison of the flatness of the front hole and the depth of the back hole; ② The comparison between "many tourists remember" in the front hole and "few people remember when they come" in the back hole; ③ I'm Coming is shallow compared with Good Walker; (4) Compared with the regret of "no fun" after entering the hole, which is more important to the meaning? ) is to pave the way for the discussion in the second part.

This paragraph describes not the scenery, but the process of quitting halfway. This is similar to the first paragraph, which is about going up the mountain and writing a monument to a man who fell on the road. Obviously, it is not important to record the tour, but to express your views. Recording the tour is to prepare material for later discussion.

(4) Learn the third paragraph.

1. What does this paragraph emphasize? What's the point? Students think and answer.

Clarity: write about the experience of visiting Baochan and express your feelings, that is, the first sentence says "sigh" and expounds the view of "doing your best"

(1) What do you mean by "yes" and "so I'm sighing"? Ask the students to find out what statements "this situation" refers to in the second paragraph. -"Yes" said that the "Youhua Cave" changed from "Yu and four people entered with fire" to "fire is full of light".

(2) The word "sigh" inherits the word "regret" mentioned above, which leads to the whole paragraph and naturally turns to discussion.

2. Mainly write the reason why the ancients "often gain something": "The depth of thinking is everywhere", which is not arbitrary, but the author who has learned something after careful consideration takes swimming in a cave as a metaphor, and his regret that he has gained nothing is because there is no "depth of thinking".

3. Now write "the general practice of the world":

"People are nearby, and there are many tourists", taking care of "there are many people downstream, and there are springs on the side";

The farther the risk, the fewer people. There are caves in Wuli and Liuli on the mountain, and people are very cold. If you ask them how deep it is, they can't swim. "

4. After the comparison, the author emphatically expounds his own views:

"The strange, magnificent and extraordinary world outlook often lies in the dangerous distance, but in what people lack." As the saying goes, "The deeper you go, the more difficult it is to walk, and the more strange it is."

Photo of Mount Lushan Fairy Cave inscribed by Comrade Li Jin.

Looking at Jinsong in the dusk, still flying calmly in the clouds.

Born in the fairy cave, the infinite scenery is in the dangerous peak.

5. Compare the highest state of life to "strangeness, strangeness and wonder", but how can we achieve this state of "everyone can only dream of it"? Students find out the sentences and answer them.

The author puts forward three "impossibilities": "those who have no will can't achieve it", "those who have no strength can't achieve it" and "nothing can't achieve it". The double negation (the function is to strengthen the discussion) is "three haves": ambition (firm ambition), strength (continuous efforts) and material (certain material conditions)

6. The relationship between the three:

So why regret it? Are you incompetent? Are there no corresponding conditions? Students think and answer.

Because Ying's strength is still there, the fire is bright enough, but when it comes out, it is impossible for her husband to travel happily. The fundamental reason is that he is not determined.

The author affirmed the importance of "ambition" in turn: first, there must be "ambition", second, there must be "strength" and third, there must be "things".

The author further emphasizes and expounds the importance of "ambition".

"However, the strength is enough to be laughed at by others, but you regret for yourself", and you have "strength" but no "ambition", so if you can't achieve your goal, you will be laughed at and regret for yourself;

"People who can't be the best can have no regrets. How can they be laughed at? " It is pointed out that as long as you "do your best", you can have no regrets even if you can't reach your goal.

This contradiction leads to the conclusion that "I can do my best without regret", and takes care of "the person who wants to do it, or the person who wants to do it, but the person who pays also regrets that the trip will not be very pleasant".

7. Finally, with "What did I get from this surplus", I summed up this discussion as the author's ideological harvest, and responded that "the ancients' views on heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, plants, insects, fish and beasts often gained something, all of which were in their deep thoughts". This discussion began with the "income" of the ancients and ended with its own "income", echoing back and forth.

Fourth, question inquiry.

1. Think about how the narrative part and the discussion part of this article are closely related. (Hint: You can think from three aspects: transition, convergence, echo before and after, sightseeing and doing research. )

Clarity: The article uses the transitional sentence "I'm sorry, but I can't enjoy it" between the two parts, and the first sentence of the third paragraph "So I have a sigh", which is a link between the preceding and the following, making the article coherent and natural.

Another is the echo of words back and forth, which means that it is precisely because of the trip to the mountain to explore victory on the way home to visit relatives, but because of trusting followers, losing the procuratorial work and giving up halfway, the most wonderful place of Baochan Mountain was not seen soon, and the author regretted it, so he realized the dialectical relationship between "ambition", "strength" and "material"; It is precisely because of the incorrect pronunciations of "there is a way to have a monument and a servant", "flower" and "Hua" that the phrase "a scholar must ponder deeply and take it carefully" appears, which shows that narrative is a foreshadowing for the discussion part, a deepening of narrative, and a philosophical sentiment realized from concrete things.

One more thing, the author compares the study of life to a tour of mountains and waters, and grasps the similarities between them: both should have indomitable will and thoughtful and cautious attitude. During his trip, he summed up the profound truth that "the world is magnificent, magnificent, extraordinary and often dangerous" and "where there is a will, there is a way", so as to encourage himself and his readers to be firm in their aspirations and give full play to their subjective initiative on the road of studying, doing things and starting businesses.

2. In this paper, the students who "don't travel with joy and sorrow" put forward the viewpoint of "do your best", and the students who "serve the monument" put forward the viewpoint of "think carefully and take carefully". Are these two views related?

Clarity: the view of "do your best"-this is the result of "thinking everywhere" Therefore, the view of "doing my best" is linked with the view of "being thoughtful and cautious": the view of "doing my best" is based on "being thoughtful and cautious"; With this view, people can be urged to "think carefully and take carefully" in turn, and the two are complementary (the phrase "the ancients' view of heaven and earth ... is full of their profound thinking" shows the connection between the two views).

3. Discuss and summarize the writing characteristics of this text.

Discussion, induction, student supplement and teacher revision.

Clear: (1) Combine reasoning with discussion.

This article is a travel note, but it is different from ordinary travel notes. It doesn't pay attention to the description of the beauty of mountains and rivers, the narrative of scenery, or the embrace of some kind of feelings. Instead, it focuses on reasoning from the scene. The travel content for the purpose of reasoning is only the material and basis of reasoning.

This article uses the metaphor of traveling in memory to arouse discussion, infers according to events, accurately and fully expounds a philosophy of life from a small angle, and inspires people with ideological connotation, harmonious and perfect forms and thoughts. The first part of the article records the tour, and the second part talks about the truth. The narrative and discussion are closely combined, which echoes the content of the tour in the article, which is the basis of the following discussion and the factual basis of the discussion. Discussion is a rational summary and deepening of the travel content.

The full text is a question of understanding and memory, paving the way for discussion everywhere; Comments, sentences and narratives echo each other. The account is complete and clear, but it is rich in knowledge and teaches by example. Endless vagrancy can be vented in discussion. Pour strong feelings into the discussion to provide an image basis for the discussion. Discussion is the final sublimation of discussion. The two complement each other, integrated, unique and unique.

(2) This article is focused and detailed.

The main idea of this paper is to explain that we should have "ambition", "try our best" and "think carefully and take carefully" To this end, we should choose to visit Baochan Mountain, visit Huashan Cave, describe the words on the servant tablet in detail, and others. Omitting the general situation of the front hole and the back hole, detailing the back hole and writing the feeling of "regret" in detail.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Students read the full text.

Recite the second paragraph.

Seven. Course summary

The biggest feature of this paper is that the first two paragraphs are recorded truthfully, and the third and fourth paragraphs are recorded to pave the way for the discussion. After the discussion, there is a sentence-by-sentence response. The two complement each other, so we should master this method of making reasonable comments on the basis of narration.

According to what I saw and felt in Baochan, the author expounded that no matter studying or doing things, we must have an indomitable will and an attitude of "thinking carefully and taking carefully", and only in this way can we succeed.

Homework: Recite three paragraphs of the text and try to recite the whole text.

The third category

Teaching essentials

1. Discrimination of flexible use of parts of speech

2. Guide to several usages of "Qi"

Complete the classroom exercises

Teaching step

First, name three paragraphs.

Second, recite the text collectively.

Third, the allocation of classroom exercises, students complete

Fourth, there are more than twenty places in Qi. Each student quickly finds a place and points out its meaning. Students correct.

1. Praise for Tang Futu begins with his speech. 2. Named it "Zanchan".

It is five miles east of the yard. It is also called the sun of Huashan.

5. Its text is scattered. 6. Its only character is still recognizable, and that day was "Huashan"

7. The bottom is flat. 8. Ask it in depth

9. A good traveler can't be poor. The deeper a person is, the harder it is to get in.

1 1. And even more strangely, 12. However, it depends on its left and right.

13. Cover it deeper. 14. That's even less.

15. If it's 16, it's the one that came up.

17. And I'm sorry that it was accompanied by the happiness of traveling, and 18. Because of its profound thoughts, it is everywhere.

19. How can it be ridiculed? 20. The fallacies and heresies of later generations spread without being famous.

Teachers' summative guidance

The word "Qi" has as many as 20 places in the text, which can be roughly divided into five types:

(1) demonstrative pronoun, equivalent to "that", "that" and "those"

(2) personal pronouns, equivalent to "it" (he)

(3) Personal pronouns, which indicate possessive relations, are used as the word "qi".

(4) Personal pronouns, flexibly used as the first person, are equivalent to "I", "we" and "myself"

(5) Modal adverbs, which indicate rhetorical mood and can be translated as "Yao"; When estimating, translate it into probable and possible.

V. Call the students to report the text after completing Exercise 4 (explain the meaning and usage of the new words, and the students will supplement and modify them).

An analysis of intransitive verbs: flexible use of parts of speech, different meanings in ancient and modern times and special sentence patterns.

Look at the text and point out the different meanings of words added in ancient and modern times or the flexible use of parts of speech.

(1) and Guzhong: finally; Today: Soldier, over.

(2) Compared with a good traveler, it can't be eleven times: one tenth; Today: the number ll

(3) Surprise, surprise and unusual views on the past: unusual; Jin: Adverbs of degree, very, very.

(4) Therefore, if scholars don't think deeply, they can't take "so" seriously. It is a special demonstrative pronoun. The combination of "suo" and the preposition "yi" is equivalent to "because ……"; Nowadays, the conjunction "scholar" is often used as a causal relationship: it refers to people who studied in ancient times and people who study today: it refers to people with special knowledge.

(5) Changle Wang's father is a generic name, and "father" means "fu", which is a good name added to men's names in ancient times.

(6) ask its depth; Then it will add less; Many times, these three words can be regarded as adjectives and nouns, that is, depth, people who arrive, and places where danger is far away. You can also think of "its destination" and "the danger is far away" as omitted, followed by "people" and "places" respectively.

(7) The fallacy in the world is indescribable, so how can it win? Also a "fallacy": make a mistake, make ... Usage of adjective "name": say, explain, verb.

(8) I also regret that I can't enjoy the ultimate pleasure of traveling: enjoy it to my heart's content and use adjectives as verbs.

4. Tell the characteristics of the following sentences.

(1) Today, the so-called Huikong Temple is known as the tomb of Lu.

(2) The so-called Huashan Cave is also called the Yang of Huashan Mountain.

(3) Today, people who say that "Hua" is like "petrochemical" are all fallacies.

Clear: all three sentences use "zhe … zhe" to judge that "zhe" is an modal particle, indicating Teton, "zhe" is an modal particle, indicating that (1) sentence is a general judgment sentence, and (2) and (3) sentences are causal judgments, in which "zhe" is an modal particle.

Seven. Full text summary

"The Journey of Treasure Toad" is a travel note, which expounds two viewpoints. One is that "outlandish, magnificent and otherworldly views are often hidden in danger" and we must "do our best"; First, ancient books do not exist, and scholars must "think carefully" when studying knowledge. Taking traveling as a metaphor, this paper shows that no matter studying or starting a business, we must have a strong will, indomitable spirit and thoughtful and meticulous attitude. It is impossible to succeed without firm will. This article has a rigorous structure, which can be understood from the close relationship between the front and the back, the up and down echo of the writing, and the twists and turns of the writing.

Eight, homework

Summarize and sort out the meanings of polysemous words "Tao, Ming, Ran and Qi".