Five "Hairihan" Mountains in Hexigten Banner

In the history of the world, some people compare China to the giant of the East, with a history of civilization with a clear historical context of more than 5,000 years, which is unique in the history of world civilization. The great Chinese civilization is magnificent and magnificent, and its image dignity is concrete and graceful; It is like a mountain, like water, like blood, backed by Eurasia and facing the vast Pacific Ocean. Three mountains and five mountains have made China brilliant; Kunlun Qinling is divided into north and south. The grassland beyond the Great Wall contains the ups and downs of the northern nationalities, the eternal joys and sorrows of the sons and daughters of all ethnic groups, the spiritual pursuit of China people, and the spiritual recuperation, value and spiritual tempering of China people. What we introduce is not the well-known famous mountains and peaks, but the five "sea" holy mountains in the hearts of people of all ethnic groups in the grassland of Hexigten Banner.

Five "Hairihan" Mountains in Hexigten Banner

The five "sacred mountains of the sea (Aobao)" in Hexigten Banner were all named by the royal officials in Yuan Dynasty, and they were sacred places for the sacrifice of Hexigten Banner and the surrounding Mongolian tribes. These five "Hairihan" sacred mountains (Aobao) are: Hairihan (now Saihanba) in Sai Han, in the south of Hexigten Banner; Tao Gaohai, Korea and Japan (now Tuohe Cone Mountain), in Keqi East; Galades replaced Hai Rihan (now Daqingshan) in the center of Keqi; Rabbit Sea, Korea and Japan (now Beida Mountain in Tongxing Town) are located in the north of Keqi; Bayanhai, Korea and Japan (now Baiyin Aobao in the northeast of Dali Town) are located in the west of Keqi. If the name didn't fall from the sky, it must be true. These five sacred mountains constitute the framework of Keqi mountains and rivers, facing Yuan Ye, standing proudly between heaven and earth, showing their own characteristics in the Senior Eight Army, which are magical, mysterious and sacred, and are sacred mountains in the hearts of people of all ethnic groups.

Photography: Yang

"Aobao" is a Mongolian transliteration, also known as "Ebo" and "Naobao", and Chinese means "Gaoduizi". Originally, it refers to the stone piles or mounds made of stones or mud as sacrifices on nomadic borders and roads. According to historical records, offering sacrifices to Shenshan or Aobao is related to Genghis Khan. "The Secret History of Mongolia" records that Genghis Khan was hidden in Bourhan Mountain when he was hunted by Milkitt people in the early days. The Milkitts didn't catch Genghis Khan three times around the mountain, so they had no choice but to retreat. Genghis Khan survived and said with emotion, "Bourhan Mountain covered me and saved my life. I will sacrifice and pray every day to let my descendants know about it. " Say that finish, that is, tie it around your neck, hang it on your wrist, push it with your hand, worship the sun nine times and pray with wine. Genghis Khan once sent a huge caravan to western countries, hoping to trade with Haruzi model country, but the arrogant Haruzi model country brutally killed all the caravan members and took all the goods. The news came that Genghis Khan prayed on the holy mountain for three days and three nights, then went down the mountain and made the decision to explore the west, which opened the prelude to Mongolia's three large-scale western expeditions. In the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan made a code that stipulated emperors, Mongolian princes, nobles, soldiers and civilians. Be sure to visit famous mountains and rivers every year. Because there are no mountains in some places, or they are far away from them, people "make stone statues of mountains and regard them as gods." This kind of mountain is made of stones or soil, which is called "Aobao" in Mongolian.

Obo has roughly four uses: drawing boundaries; Road signs; Worship ghosts and gods and pray for a bumper harvest; Bury living buddhas, heroes, flags or celebrities. So the original landmarks and road signs became places where gods such as mountain gods, road gods and village protectors were worshipped. According to the needs, all parts of Mongolia choose sites to build Aobao. All the leagues, banners, Sumu, Gacha, Duguilong and temples have their own public oboes, and so do wealthy families. Each oboe has its own name. In Mongolia, offering sacrifices to Aobao and Shenshan were two concepts. Through historical evolution, offering sacrifices to Aobao and Mountain is the same content, but it is different in some places. The Five Mountains of Keqi, that is, the Five Aobao, are all built on the top of the mountain in China. They are all piled up into round bags with a number of banners or pine branches and willow branches inserted on them. Hang colored warp flags or ribbons on it. When building an Aobao or placing grain, bows and arrows, Buddha statues or weapons and clothes used by celebrities in a stone pile. If the size of the Aobao is 13, the main Aobao in the middle is much larger than that on both sides. Among them, Sai Han Aobao and Baiyin Aobao are royal Aobao.

Photography: Yang

Every year from May to July in the lunar calendar, the season of abundant aquatic plants and fat cattle and sheep is a legal auspicious day to pay homage to Aobao, and it is the most sacred and solemn festival for people living on the grassland. At that time, people from afar, regardless of relatives, rich and poor, were busy for this grand festival. People drove cattle and sheep, rode horses to Aobao, tied yurts around them, and attended the grand ceremony to pay homage to Aobao. On Memorial Day, the surrounding people helped the old and brought the young, carrying Hada, prayer flags, live sheep, milk, cakes and wine. Before sunrise, the sacrificial ceremony begins, with Hada and tributes, and then the Lama chanting and praying. Everyone circled Aobao three times clockwise, and then knelt down to pray for the prosperity of man and beast. Can be said to be convinced, sincerely admire. After the ceremony, traditional sports activities will be held, such as horse racing, wrestling, archery, voting for Blue, material exchange, trade and visiting relatives and friends. Choose a suitable place to boil mutton and have a picnic. It took three to five days for the activity to break up.

The Mongolian custom of offering sacrifices to Aobao has been circulating for a long time, which is related to the living environment of all ethnic groups living on the grassland. Since the Han Dynasty, all ethnic groups in the grassland believe in Shamanism and worship the blue sky (that is, longevity). In their view, heaven and earth are integrated, and heaven gives people life, while earth gives people form, and everything is under the control of God. Ancestor worship and belief in gods of all ethnic groups in China, that is, the tradition of ancestor worship and worship, coexist and complement each other, but they are quite different. The gods regard Aobao as a medium of communication with human beings, and worshipping Aobao means worshipping God. This primitive and simple gratitude and awe psychology reflects the ancient people's natural religious consciousness and awe of nature, as well as their yearning for a better life.

Sai Han Aobao

Sai Han Aobao is located in the south of Hexigten Banner, at the middle section of Sai Han Dam, a barrier in the north of Saibei, and adjacent to Weichang County of Hebei Province, Songshan District of Chifeng City and Onniute Banner.

Saihanba, called "a mirage" in ancient times, was a place of sacrifice for Xiongnu in Tang Dynasty, the core area of Marie Laure Gigon, the place of sacrifice for Emperor Qidan in Liao Dynasty and Daxinganling in Qing Dynasty. In ancient times, it was called Modo in Toukara, and the Qing Emperor Kangxi gave it the name Dahanda Modolin. The highest peak of Saihanba, Daguangdingzi, is 2067 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Chifeng City. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty was the governor outside the Great Wall, and hosted a banquet in Wuladai (namely Saihanba) to entertain Mongolian princes. During the dinner, the princes of Harqin, Onniute Banner and Hexigten Banner presented land to Kangxi. Four years later, Kangxi turned this land into a Mulan paddock, and the middle and western section of Saihanba was also in the paddock. As a result, the tent of Zasak House in Hexigten Banner, which was originally located at the lower part of Saihanba, moved northward to Kangkang, the source of the Yellow River. Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing also boarded Saihanba many times.

According to Donghua Record in Qing Dynasty, in the autumn of the 15th year of Jiaqing (18 10), Emperor Jiaqing boarded Saihanba and wrote a poem, "Xing 'an is out of sight, the northwest is majestic, and it is connected with space. Tiger, Leopard, Jiuguan, Senyuque, Cloud, Wanzhe and Golden Wind. Respecting the five mountains is magnificent and the territory reaches the sky. Fu You Hanyuan is covered with frost and the peaks are arched. " He also wrote a letter: "When it's sunny and rainy, Zhao Yu will blend in with you, and I will ask the courtiers to discuss the ceremony as appropriate in order to look forward to Miao. Xi is the instrument of the four towns, the instrument of the Spring and Autumn Period. "Later, Sai Han Aobao was built here, and the Temple of the Far Mountain in Dunren Town was built, and the Sai Han Buddha was carved for the Spring and Autumn Festival.

According to folklore, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty hunted around the dam. When the brigade reached the edge of Sai Han Paozi in Bashang, suddenly dark clouds rolled, turbid waves soared, and thunder and lightning flashed. The rainstorm poured down. The minister advised the driver to take shelter from the rain and drive slowly. Kangxi said angrily: "Even if the world is red, I will hurry!" Suddenly, a golden toad jumped out of the bubble, stopped the stork from driving away and asked for a seal. Emperor Kangxi named it "Saibei Lingfo" to protect the peace and good luck of people outside the Great Wall. Since then, Sai Han Aobao has been dedicated to Saibei Lingfo. June 13 of the lunar calendar is the memorial day every year. Incense reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, which was once abandoned after the founding of New China. Sacrificial activities resumed in the1980s. Especially since 1990, it is a common festival for people of all ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia and Hebei provinces to offer sacrifices to Sai Han Aobao, and tourists from Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang and China also come here.

From June 1 1, people went to Saihanba to make preparations for offering sacrifices to Aobao. At midnight on June 12, people of all ethnic groups gathered in Aobao, Sai Han from all directions with sacrifices, utensils, tents and umbrellas. At dawn on June 13, people began to worship Aobao. In front of Aobao, Sai Han, people silently prayed for disaster avoidance, children, happiness, illness and disaster elimination, and prayed for good weather, abundant crops and prosperity of six livestock, and wrote the contents of the prayers on a long red cloth. Sacrificing Aobao is a three-year cycle, and simple and devout villagers regard it as a major event every year and do it well. Sacrifice to Sai Han Aobao as a blood sacrifice. People slaughter sheep in front of Aobao, offer sheep blood and sheep head to the shrine, set up pots and stoves in the forest around Aobao, and use their hands to cook the meat, which is very enjoyable. In recent years, due to the establishment of Saihanba National Forest Park, it has become a famous eco-tourism scenic spot at home and abroad, especially favored by people of all ethnic groups in northern Beijing, Tianjin and China, and Aobao, a sacrifice to Saihanba, has become a well-known tourism brand.

Baiyinzhu Rihe Aobao

The official Aobao of Keshiketeng Banner was originally Sai Han Aobao, but in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, with the Han people entering Mongolia for farming, the Mongols gradually moved northward, and the sacrificial flame also moved northward to Bayanhai, Korea and Japan, which is now Baiyinzhu Day and Aobao. Therefore, Baiyin Aobao became Zasak Aobao, and it was also a public sacrifice Aobao.

1987 In the spring, Ji Jianzan, the 10th Panchen Lama, presented a golden Buddha to put in this Aobao. On the 13th day of the fifth lunar month every year, Zizazak and Jichang will come in costumes, lead a group of people to bow down to the big gift, and offer milk, cakes, A Mu sous, white wine and milk to Aobao. Nine whole sheep will be placed on the table, and Ye Guild will personally burn incense and toast, silently praying, "Blessed by the mountain gods, the weather is favorable, the five animals will flourish, and there will be no disasters and diseases, and good luck." After the Buddhist ceremony, there will be a feast for the whole sheep, a big feast for people, a "Three Heroes Competition" and other entertainment activities, and shopping transactions in the temporary market. Carnival usually lasts three days.

Baiyin Aobao Mountain stands abruptly on the grassland of Gong Geer, round and soft, giving people a sense of tranquility and peace. Commonly known as Niuxinshan, there is an ancient building Xianghui Temple on the mountain. There are tens of thousands of acres of spruce around, which is a unique Chinese fir tree species in the world and has high ecological and scientific value. It belongs to thousands of Marie Laure Gigon relics in history and is regarded as a sacred tree by people. The green spruce forest is surrounded by silver Aobao, which is more lush and beautiful, and it is worthy of being worshipped by the Mongolian people.

Tuohe' aobao

Tuohe Aobao is called Gao Tao Hai Rihan in Mongolian, also known as Yuebier Mountain. The elevation of the main peak is 1960. 1 m, which is located in the east of Keqi, surrounded by mountains and canyons, surrounded by peaks, and can be seen hundreds of miles away.

Tuohe Aobao is spectacular, with mountains like tigers, with its head high to the southwest and its tail high to the northwest. At an altitude of 1.500 meters, the huge mountain is steep and towering, stabbing the sky with a steep slope of more than 70 degrees. There is a glacier boulder belt in the south, which naturally forms the root shape of Phytolacca acinosa, with its head held high and its tail wagging, full of movement. Climbing to the top of the mountain, wandering in the meadow with a width of more than 50 meters and a length of more than 400 meters on the top of the mountain, white clouds are fluttering overhead, and you can pick them with your hand. Great rivers and mountains set off a mountain, and one ridge covers another. Darinol in the northwest shines with white light like a mirror, and Saihanba in the south is clearly visible. The great light pierced the sky like a sword.

What's even more amazing is that there is a well surrounded by pine and cypress trunks at the foot of the butte. There is a well on the top of this lonely mountain. If I am not here, I will never believe it. I dived into the well and the water was cold, greasy and slightly green. I took a handful and drank it, which was slightly sweet and refreshing. It is said that the guards and shepherds of Wanghuolou on the mountain use this well water. As the saying goes, the mountain is high and the water is deep. I saw this well today, and I believed it!

Tuohe Aobao was named Shenshan Aobao by the royal family in the Yuan Dynasty, which is like a place of worship for people of all ethnic groups in the east of Keqi. The main Aobao is very high, and the six small Aobao in the shape of wild goose wings separated from the main Aobao are all made of stone. There are shrines and altars in the southeast of the main Aobao, and there are two stone tablets engraved with the words "the God of Saibei Buddha". The big stone tablet was carved in Qianlong period, which has been more than 300 years ago, and the other stone tablet was carved in Guangxu period, which has been vicissitudes for many years. Aobao, a sacred mountain, guards China's homeland and gives our passers-by a heroic and vigorous posture.

Galaz Taihai Korea and Japan (Daqingshan)

Speaking of it, Mount Galades (commonly known as Mount Gaizi) is not as famous as its younger brother Daqingshan, which is famous for its mouldings and strange stones. In fact, the elevation of the main peak of Mount Tai in Garad is1967m, and that of Mount Daqing is1538m. Garad Taishan Aobao is located in the middle of Keqi, which is the central Aobao. This area used to be inhabited by Mongolians, with Lamulun River in the south and Daxinganling in the north. Hot springs in hot water ponds are popular places for people of all ethnic groups, especially Mongolian people.

Located in the center, Garaxitai Aobao is condescending, surrounded by dragons and tigers, with majestic mountains and beautiful peaks. Daqingshan is known as the "Small Guilin". There are many kinds of natural forests on the hillside, such as pine, birch, Populus davidiana and Sophora japonica. Wild fruits such as walnut, hawthorn, mountain Queena Ding and mountain red are clustered in the valley, wild animals such as leopard cat, wild boar, red deer and fox live in the grass in the forest, and rare Chinese herbal medicines such as wild ginseng have a history of exploitation. The main peak of the sacred mountain is round and open, with lush grass and flowers, just like a turtle crawling on the ground and grass under the mountain.

Photography: Xue Xinyu

Garastai Aobao was carved in the Yuan Dynasty, and the stone pile Aobao is tall and spectacular. Every year on the 13th day of the fifth lunar month, people of all ethnic groups compete to climb mountains and worship Aobao, while enjoying the magnificent mountains and rivers, picking flowers, mushrooms and wild fruits and enjoying the meaning of nature.

Because of its superior geographical location, the mountain began to establish the "802" TV relay station in the 1980s to undertake the task of information transmission and relay in Inner Mongolia. Daqingshan Mountain is listed as one of the nine scenic spots in Hexigten Banner World Geopark.

Tuzihai Korea and Japan (Beida Mountain)

Beida Mountain straddles the northeast border of Keqi, hence the name Beida Mountain. Its main peak is1879.2m above sea level, 1 1 km long and 4km wide. The top of the mountain is as flat as a desktop, and its image is flat from a distance. Seen from the south and west, Beida Mountain is just a row of high mountains. But from the perspective of Tongbu Town in linxi county, its mountain is like a lion, crouching in the sky, dark and noble. Located in the northeast of Keshiketeng Banner, Aobao of Beida Mountain belongs to the southern foot of Daxing 'anling Mountains and borders Batongzigou in the east, which is the traffic artery connecting Linxi and Xilin Gol Prairie. 1945 After the Soviet Union declared war on Japan on August 8, 1945, the17th Army of the Baikal Army outside the Soviet Union pushed the Batongzigou from the Ximeng prairie and captured Linxi in one fell swoop. The mountains of Peking University control the grassland, looking at the Xinluo Mulun River basin, with the potential of and while one man guards it and ten thousand cannot force it. North of Beida Mountain is Bayangaole Prairie, and the ridge connected with it in the northwest is Ashatu Stone Forest, which is a scenic spot of Ashatu Stone Forest in Keshiketeng Banner Geopark. The stone forest rises from the ground, lifelike and indescribable, and it is really the first of the nine scenic spots in the world geological park. The southern and northern foothills of Beida Mountain are completely different. The northern foot is birch forest, and the southern foot is steep and abrupt. The gentle hillside is covered with trees, and the lower part of the cliff is a gentle loess slope. Now farmland and artificial forests are lush, and grass slopes are full of flowers. One is an ancient tomb of Liao Dynasty on the ground. Up to now, there are still stone men, Shi Hu, Shiyang and stone tables on the ground. According to experts' analysis, the owner of the ancient tomb was an official of four or five products in Liao Dynasty, not a civilian tomb. Further on Nanchuan Road, the Jin Dynasty frontier fortress with obvious relics ran from east to west along Tianhe to Bayancha steppe.