Full-color night vision camera photography

The application of electronization, intelligence, multimedia and networking of modern automobiles not only improves the power, economy, safety and environmental protection of automobiles, but also improves the stability and comfort of driving, which promotes the development of automobile industry, and also opens up a broad market for electronic products, thus promoting the development of electronic industry. Therefore, it is an important means to start and revitalize the automobile industry to vigorously develop the electronization, intelligence, multimedia and networking of automobiles and speed up the electronization of automobiles. It is also a new economic growth point for auto parts enterprises in China. 1. Electronic automobile is a revolution in the development of automobile technology. In recent years, electronic technology has made great progress and penetrated into all aspects of human society. It can be said that it has completely changed people's lifestyle, and there will be more changes in the future. Cars are no exception. A few years ago, some traditional mechanical structures were transformed into electromechanical integration devices with excellent performance and high technology content. There are many kinds of electronic products in modern automobiles, and the application of electronic technology (see figure 1) is more and more extensive. Today's cars have entered the era of computer control. The development of electronic technology and computer technology has created favorable conditions for improving automobile technical performance, economy and comfort, and even reducing automobile exhaust pollution. The degree of automobile electronization is considered as an important symbol to measure the level of modern automobile, and the most important technical means to develop new models and improve automobile performance. According to statistics, at present, the electronic devices in each car account for more than 23% of the manufacturing cost of the whole car. The number of single-chip computers used in some luxury cars has reached 48, and electronic products account for more than 50% of the cost of the whole car. At present, the application of electronic technology has penetrated into almost all systems of automobiles. People are more and more aware that without electronic technology, it is difficult for automobiles to meet the increasingly stringent regulatory requirements, and it is also unable to meet customers' requirements for convenience, comfort, efficiency and economy in automobile use. The great progress of automobile industry is also driven by electronic technology (especially computer and integrated circuit technology). Automotive electronic technology has entered the third stage of development, which is the most valuable and contribution stage to the development of automobile industry, and will also be the most important stage to optimize the overall relationship among people, automobiles and environment. The miniaturization of ultra-miniature magnets, ultra-efficient motors and integrated circuits provides a foundation for centralized control of automobiles (such as centralized control of braking, steering and suspension, centralized control of engines and transmissions). At the same time, intelligent integrated sensors and intelligent actuators will be put into practice, and digital signal processing methods will be applied to speech recognition, safety collision, timely diagnosis and navigation systems. Looking at the great achievements of automobile technology in recent decades, almost all of them are the result of the application of electronic technology. Adopting electronic technology is the best solution to many technical problems faced by automobiles. Therefore, the level of a country's electronic industry and its application in the field of automobile industry will determine whether it can take the initiative in the future world automobile industry competition. In the future development of automotive electronics, hybrid drive controlled by power electronic module will become the main trend; Hydrogen fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles will make new progress; High-speed development of electronically controlled EFI hybrid spark ignition engine: all kinds of wire-controlled systems or wire-controlled systems will develop rapidly; Wire control or drive system will replace mechanical linkage to realize electrification based on electronic information technology, and the structure of automobile chassis will undergo revolutionary changes; Intelligent automobile transportation system (ITS) is rapidly emerging. Electronic fuel injection system, anti-lock braking system and airbag system have been widely used in automobile products, and the fuel economy has been greatly improved, and the emissions of harmful gases and carbon dioxide have been controlled and greatly reduced. At the same time, the degree of automobile electronization is increasing year by year, which makes the automobile enter the category of high-tech products and is regarded as an important symbol to measure the level of a country's automobile industry. 2. Informatization makes modern cars become mobile information centers. The information and communication revolution has entered many fields of our society, and automobile and road transportation are no exception. Some people say that cars used to run on gasoline, and the future depends on information. In other words, without information, cars can't run safely and efficiently. With the advent of the information age, people rely more and more on information. Modern automobile has become a mobile information center. It is very important to keep in touch with the outside world by telephone, fax, e-mail, digital broadcasting and TV transmission, just like in the office or at home, to improve people's work efficiency and productivity. Therefore, both external contact and internal contact (between various systems and components in the car) are inseparable from electronic technology. Today, with the increasing popularity of the Internet, this new communication technology will naturally enter the automotive field. As early as 1998, Clarion cooperated with Microsoft to develop the world's first on-board computer system "Gele PC" by using Windows operating system, and comprehensively applied car audio, computer technology, navigation technology and automatic speech recognition technology to bring cars into an information network space integrating audio, video and communication. At the same time, GM also implemented its "Onstar" vehicle communication system. Through the display screen of the system, passengers can complete almost all information exchange in the car, such as making phone calls, online communication, satellite navigation and watching entertainment programs. Modern automotive information technology includes GPS (Global Positioning and Navigation System) and Internet applications. GPS technology uses the relative position between the satellite and the user to determine the user's position through data processing, which can monitor and guide the automobile operation, but the service items are limited. With the use of current Internet technology, we can expand the services of many projects. Transplanting the latest mobile phone wireless internet access technology and configuring a car computer with large storage and reading and writing functions can gradually realize the application of the Internet in automobiles. Through the Internet, car owners can not only directly visit the website set by the manufacturer to inquire about their car information, but also send the information to the maintenance center through the on-board computer. The maintenance center can download information to understand the location and cause of the fault, and the maintenance engineer can remotely operate the self-inspection system of the car or guide the owner to deal with it through the Internet. With the application of internet technology, car owners can keep abreast of the changes in the stock market and send and receive emails or faxes at any time, making car owners feel like they are in the office when driving. The current technologies mentioned here can be solved, and the key issues are the speed of wireless Internet access and the hardware quality of the car computer. The speed of wireless Internet access will depend on the development of the third generation wireless telephone communication technology, such as 3G technology, and the on-board computer will depend on the hardware used to adapt to the operation of the car. In fact, modern information technology is becoming the driving force of Bluetooth technology in automobile industry. In recent years, the allocation of 5.850~5.925GHz frequency band to DSRC by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has promoted the development of Wi-Fi. However, it may take some time to use 802. 1 1 hardware in automobile production, but in the United States, Japan and Europe, Bluetooth-enabled devices may soon be equipped on several models. According to experts' prediction, before 2007, about 20% new cars will be embedded with Bluetooth hardware, and about 12% cars will be embedded with 802. 1 1 hardware. Authorities in the industry believe that the actions of the international automobile industry show that the world automobile market has changed its strategy, and providing information services is regarded as an important guiding principle for the development of automobile technology and an effective means to open up the market. 3. In the future, the car will be a kind of mobile multimedia. Listening to music in the car helps to reduce fatigue during driving and makes drivers and passengers feel relaxed and happy. It is an acknowledged fact that acoustics has become one of the standards to measure the grade of modern cars. Therefore, car audio technology has become a concern of car consumers and enthusiasts. The sound quality processing of car audio has developed to digital technology. Advanced car audio is equipped with DAT digital audio, DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and MP3 technology to form a digital, logical and high-power Hi-Fi audio system. Although the audio equipment is only the auxiliary equipment of the car, it has no influence on the driving performance of the car. However, with the increasing demand for enjoyment, car manufacturers pay more and more attention to car audio equipment as one of the basis for evaluating car comfort. With the rapid development of the global automotive electronics industry, people's demand for car stereos is increasing. Car audio has developed from the earliest AM/FM radio to the present with AM/FM /SW (short wave) radio, tape playback, CD playback, MD playback, DTA digital audio, DSP (digital signal processor), electronic sound separator, TV receiving system, VCD video system and other functions, forming a digital, logical, high-fidelity, multi-functional and high-power output. Car entertainment system can be developed by using mobile multimedia technology, including full-color screen, game equipment, DVD player, video recorder, DVD player and record player. Mobile multimedia technology is also embodied in intelligent wireless products, remote communication equipment and information processing products, including providing voice recognition system and supporting multiple languages, so that drivers do not have to manually operate the entertainment system, thus freeing their hands to control the steering wheel. It can also integrate the functions of the Internet into vehicles, so that people can surf the Internet, send and receive emails and trade stocks in vehicles. At the same time, by using the "plug and play" method, automobile consumers can update their multimedia products conveniently and quickly, and enjoy richer brand-new services. In fact, the equipment of digital audio-visual entertainment media has become popular, and the karaoke and VCD audio-visual functions in the car belong to this design. You can even build the garage into a DVD theater with excellent film, sound, sound and lighting effects. At present, some companies introduce LCD monitors, TV tuners, car video recorders and car VCD/DVD players into cars, not only to enjoy music, but also to increase the possibility of watching TV, videos, CDs and other video images on the basis of listening to music. In recent years, a new automobile multimedia system has been formed by adopting the latest technology and integrating sound, image, information and communication. In fact, it has greatly exceeded the function of car audio, which is the recent development trend of car audio. With the development of Internet, satellite communication and wireless technology, mankind will usher in an era of free exchange of words, sounds and images with the outside world in cars. Some automobile manufacturers have begun to provide automobile communication services, mainly to give guidance and help in case of automobile failure or accident. It is estimated that in two or three years, the commercial and entertainment services in the car will also be rapidly popularized. In fact, the competition to regard cars as "mobile multimedia houses" has become increasingly fierce. Nowadays, the mainstream of car audio has been replaced by digital signal sources represented by CD and MD, and the sales of tape drives have been decreasing. The development trend of car audio in the future will be to use high-tech means to enable passengers to work and play in the car, and to give drivers tips on route, car condition and safety. At the same time, the car audio system with a series of comprehensive functions such as radio, CD, VCD, TV, navigation, communication, fax and computer will become the development direction of car audio. 4. The network makes the car a place for office, communication and entertainment. The product of the combination of traditional automobile technology and modern information technology is the network car. Its remarkable feature is the high integration of car and net. The high application of network in automobile can not only greatly reduce the operating burden of drivers, but also keep drivers in close contact with the outside world. Online car rental is not only a means of transportation, but also a place for office, communication and entertainment. It integrates the existing hardware and software technologies, including satellite global positioning (GPS), wireless communication, network access, voice recognition, flat display, night vision technology, artificial neural network and other technologies. The main new functions include remote diagnosis and vehicle control functions, mobile office functions, car website functions, road navigation functions and so on. From these functions, we can know that the system composition of the network car is actually composed of two parts, one is the internal network system of the car itself, which is controlled by the on-board network computer. Numerous subnets are connected by data bus to control engines and other assemblies, flat panel displays and dashboard displays, central locking, wireless phones, etc. Each subnet has a different clock speed and its own function. The other part is the catenary system outside the car, including GPS monitoring center, Internet and regional network service providers, vehicle service centers, units or home computers. According to the concept of network car, the main equipment of network car is electronic map navigation system. It uses a combination of GPS receiver and DVD-ROM machine, and puts the CD-ROM storing the traffic road information of the whole country or a certain urban and rural area into the box. According to the instruction of GPS control center, the network car can know its position and driving direction on the map and know the best route to reach its destination. There are camera systems in front of and behind the car, which show the position of driving dead angle through the flat panel display of the center console. At night, the infrared lens can be used to convert the heat emitted by all static and moving objects in front of the car into images, and obstacles on the road can be detected from a distance when driving at night. There is a broadband network wireless connection system. Using the upcoming GPRS system (transmission speed can reach 100kbit/s) or CDMA system (transmission speed can reach 256kbT/5), the wireless connection of the broadband network in the car can be realized. By then, every car owner and passenger can set their own network address, surf the Internet or send and receive voice mails at any time, hold telecommuting meetings, download car maintenance materials, and even remotely control home appliances. Today, with the increasing popularity of the Internet, this new communication technology will naturally enter the automotive field. Automobile navigation is a kind of automobile driving assistance equipment that has emerged in recent years. As long as the driver inputs the destination into the car navigation system, the system will automatically calculate the most suitable route according to the electronic map, and remind the driver to follow the calculated route during driving (such as before turning). During the whole driving process, the driver can reach the destination quickly, regardless of which route to take. The current car navigation system includes two parts: global positioning system and automatic car navigation system. Car navigation equipment generally consists of GPS antenna, host computer with integrated display screen and function keys, and voice output equipment (generally using car audio system to output voice prompt information). Limited by the installation position in the car, general car navigation equipment and car audio-visual can play CD, VCD and DVD, and the DVD driver is responsible for reading the electronic map DVD. So some car navigation systems are also called DVD navigation systems. The most important content of the automobile revolution is to realize the connection between the automobile and the Internet. No one can predict what the final result will be. Maybe put it in the back seat of the car and let the children be an infotainment center? Or are your parents sitting in front of you, reading emails loudly and watching the road ahead? Maybe both! 5. Intelligentization makes people, vehicles and roads closely cooperate to achieve harmony and unity. With the wide application of electronic computers, the day has come when cars can run automatically without driving. This kind of car is intelligent, and its key technology is that the computer replaces all human operations, because it is equipped with road identification system, signal receiving system, automatic braking system and automatic transmission system. All systems are controlled by multiple computers and coordinated with each other online. When people give a start signal, the car will start and drive to its destination. Intelligent ITS integrates advanced information processing technology, computer technology, data communication technology, sensor technology, electronic control technology, global satellite positioning technology, automatic control theory, operational research, artificial intelligence and other high-tech and theories into transportation, service control and automobile intelligence. Through the real-time collection, transmission and processing of various traffic information, with the help of various advanced technologies and equipment, traffic is coordinated, so that roads become "intelligent" and vehicles have a certain "mind", so that people, vehicles and roads work closely together to achieve harmony and unity. Smart cars can drive freely on the road; Intelligent highway can make the traffic flow reach the best state; The combination of the two can make drivers know the surrounding environment like the back of their hands, and let traffic managers know the traffic situation and the whereabouts of all vehicles like the back of their hands; The two communicate with each other to jointly reduce traffic jams. ITS is an open and complex giant system. At present, all countries in the world are competing to carry out their research and have made cross-century research plans respectively. In the research of ITS, different countries and regions have different emphases, and the difficult and key technologies are vehicle navigation and automatic driving. At present, some developed countries have invested heavily in development and tackling key problems in this field, and made major breakthroughs in some aspects. Japan has made great achievements in developing a new generation of fast, safe and environmentally friendly intelligent transportation system. They have developed a complete set of systems including traffic information, traffic safety early warning, automatic control and driving, road management and so on, which generally represents the highest level of automotive intelligence technology in the world. The device stores a comprehensive digital national highway map on the CD-ROM memory located in the trunk of the car, including the connection points of each road and the locations of places of interest. The driver only needs to enter the destination before driving and follow the direction arrow displayed on the small screen in the car. Even if the driver doesn't know the road to the destination, its magnetic sensor can automatically measure the driving direction, and measure the precise distance of the vehicle according to the speed, calculate the precise position of the vehicle, and display it on the traffic map on the screen. Moreover, it can receive information such as road congestion, traffic accidents, road repair, etc., conduct comprehensive analysis and processing, and calculate the best driving route to reach the destination. With the development of electronic technology, many intelligent technologies are widely used in automobiles. According to rough statistics, there are dozens of intelligent technologies only used for automobile safety, and intelligent rearview technologies emerge one after another. For example, Gentex is studying the use of digital auxiliary rearview mirror system to enhance the driver's vision. This system can not only reflect the visible scenery, but also use several sensors to capture and display inconspicuous visual information. The sensor can change the light contrast between objects, so that objects that are not easy to see appear in the dark, and dangerous obstacles can be found in places where headlights are not clear or the sun is dazzling. The first problem solved by automobile anti-collision technology is the safe distance between cars. If the distance between cars exceeds this safe distance, it should be able to give an alarm automatically and take braking measures. At present, there are ultrasonic ranging, microwave radar ranging and laser ranging methods to measure the distance between vehicles. Automobile intelligent "black box" can objectively record the driver's operation process before the motor vehicle accident, and effectively provide drivers with various reactions before the accident. It is said that after installing this system, the traffic accident handling department can monitor all the cars passing through the expressways in real time at any time. In the event of a car accident, the traffic accident handling center nearest to the scene of the accident can obtain information such as crash speed, passenger casualties and so on in a few seconds. Because the working principle of this technology is similar to the black box on an airplane, it is also called "black box". This kind of black box is almost as big as an ordinary cigarette case. Its components include a mobile phone that can store, collect and transmit data, and there is a security device outside it. After the car accident, the black box will automatically open, record the speed of the car and the impact position of the car with sensors, and then transmit this information to the central communication system. The black box is embedded with global positioning system, which has the functions of data processing and transmission. Intelligent automobile driving system is equivalent to a robot, which can drive cars instead of people. It mainly scans and monitors a certain area around the car through infrared camera systems installed on the front and rear bumpers and both sides, and analyzes and calculates the signals sent by the infrared camera through on-board computers, electronic maps and photochemical sensors. And issue instructions to operate the car according to the traffic information from the road traffic information burying system instead of the human brain command and execution system. Various systems or devices based on radar ranging principle are widely used in automobiles, which can accurately measure the distance between wave sources and obstacles, and display them in digital form on instruments installed in the driver's visual range or give an alarm or both. The use of infrared rays can improve the vision of cars driving at night. Daimler-Chrysler uses two laser infrared beams with the same illumination as the high beam to illuminate the scene in front of the car, and then the infrared camera placed on the top of the car shoots everything that the driver can't see (pedestrians, cyclists, etc.). The captured image is transmitted to a TV-like screen between the windshield and the dashboard in front of the driver's seat. In this way, the driver is like wearing an infrared telescope, and the scenery in front of the car can be clearly distinguished. The electronic screen system for reversing is to install a camera on the trunk lid or rear bumper, and transmit the photographed picture to the electronic screen in front of the driver's seat. The driver can know the situation behind the car just by looking at the electronic screen in front. This technology has been applied to solve the problems of reversing and night vision. At the Detroit International Auto Show, GM's Precept concept car was equipped with a camera-based rearview mirror system made in donnelly. The system uses an inner rearview mirror and two outer rearview mirrors to collect the scenes around the car, and combines the three scenes into a panoramic image to display on the video screen of the center console, and conveys information through text description. You can also use the camera when reversing. Let the driver know in time when there are obstacles such as fire hydrants near the back of the car. 6. The five trends of modern automobile development, unlimited business opportunities, electronization, multimedia and networking of automobiles are making automobiles have multiple functions such as transportation, entertainment, office and communication. Experts in the industry pointed out that the application of electronic technology in automobiles has become an important means for automobile design and research departments to consider automobile structural innovation. Domestic manufacturers should seize the opportunity of the rapid development of automobile industry in time and create rich profits by using the high-tech value-added rate of automobile electronic products. According to reports, automotive electronic products are divided into two categories according to their functions: automotive electronic devices and automotive electronic control systems. The former includes satellite navigation global positioning system, car-mounted computer-car-mounted personal computer, multimedia receiving system and car phone, which can be used independently in the car environment; The latter is a "mechatronics" automotive electronic device, such as anti-lock braking control system and airbag. Its work directly affects the performance of cars or engines. The global automobile market has developed rapidly in recent years, and the electronic value content of automobiles has increased rapidly. In 20001year, the total market value of global automotive electronics industry was11billion, and it is expected to reach 16 1 billion in 2006 and186 billion in 2009. In foreign countries, electronic systems can account for 70% of the total cost of luxury cars and 30% of ordinary cars. Some luxury cars are equipped with as many as 48 microprocessors. The huge economic scale effect of China automotive electronics industry has also begun to appear. It is predicted that in 2005, the average proportion of automotive electronics and electronic technology-related products in China's vehicle cost will rise to 30%, and the development speed of automotive electronics industry will rise from the current growth rate of 10% to 20%. Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in 2002, the sales revenue of enterprises above designated size in China automobile industry was 562.5 billion yuan. According to the average annual growth rate of 20%, the sales of China automobile market will reach 1 trillion yuan in 2005. According to the conversion of 25% ~ 30% of the value content of electronic products, the market scale of automotive electronic products will exceed 250 billion yuan. Faced with the huge potential of the domestic automotive electronics market, foreign automotive electronics suppliers have moved to China to establish large-scale domestic joint-venture production enterprises in order to seize the market opportunities. According to the statistics of China Electronic Information Development Research Institute, in recent years, there are about 1 000 automobile electronic and electrical enterprises in China, mainly from automobile, electronics, aerospace, aviation, weapons, communication and high-tech industries. Most of these enterprises are newly established in recent years, of which joint ventures account for about 70%. There are many world-renowned automotive electronics companies among the partners. Motorola, which is in a leading position in the global automotive electronics market, has taken automotive electronics as its new business growth point in China. It is estimated that this business will achieve a growth rate of more than 1 times this year. With the continuous development of automobile industry and electronic industry, the application of electronic technology in modern automobile is more and more extensive, and the degree of automobile electronization is getting higher and higher. Automotive electronics technology is the product of the combination of automotive technology and electronic technology. It can be said that today's cars have entered the era of electronic control, and all this depends on the development of electronic technology. In a word, automobiles are increasingly dependent on electronic technology, which is the future of automobiles. m