What is the English name of the earliest encyclopedia?

Yongle Dadian is the largest encyclopedia in the history of China. It was compiled by Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, from the first year of Yongle (1403) to the fifth year of Yongle (1407), with a total of 22,877 volumes,1095 fascicles, about 370 million words, and it is18th century Di.

"Yongle Dadian" was written in regular script with a brush. The original has long since disappeared, and there is no news of it. Due to the voluminous articles, this encyclopedia has never been published, and it was only copied and re-recorded in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of this century, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, most of the Yongle Ceremony was burned, and the rest were taken away from their hometown. There are only about 400 known Yongle Dadian in the world, scattered in 8 countries and regions.

Guo Youling, president of Beijing Library Publishing House, who is in charge of this publication, said: "Zhonghua Book Company in Beijing and a publishing house in Taiwan Province Province have both published photocopies of Yongle Dadian, but they are all reduced versions. This time, in strict accordance with the layout specifications of the original book (length 5 1 cm, width 30 cm), the best Jixian Xuan paper in China was selected for color printing, and even the binding imitated the original yellow silk, striving to preserve all the information of Yongle Dadian and truly reproduce the original appearance of this masterpiece. "

Guo Youling said that the publishing house plans to print 163 volumes of Yongle Dadian in Chinese mainland in one and a half years, and then publish more than 200 volumes now hidden overseas. At present, 40 sets of 100 have been printed at a price of 250,000 RMB each, mainly for libraries and research institutions.

Ai Siren, a professor at Princeton University in the United States, said: "The Yongle Grand Ceremony is a treasure of human culture. Even if it is only a small part, research is very important for scholars. Any effort to photocopy and publish is admirable. "

An Qiuping, director of the China Ancient Literature Research Center in Peking University, said: "Our excavation of Yongle Dadian is far from enough, and what we have today is only 3% or 4% of the total amount of that year. The publication of Simulated Photocopying will give more scholars around the world the opportunity to study Yongle Dadian and let more people share this world cultural heritage. " (End)

Experts call for the earliest encyclopedia in share the world.

Xinhuanet Beijing, April 17 (Reporter Zhang Jing, Qian Rong) Chinese and foreign experts today called on the earliest and grandest encyclopedia in the share the world of mankind, Yongle Dadian.

Yongle Dadian is the largest encyclopedia in the history of China. It was compiled by Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, from the first year of Yongle (1403) to the fifth year of Yongle (1407), with a total of 22,877 volumes,1095 fascicles, about 370 million words, and it is18th century Di.

One hundred years ago, Eight-Nation Alliance plundered China's classics, and the Japanese invaded China during World War II, resulting in the Yongle Grand Ceremony being burned or scattered among the people. There are only about 400 volumes of Yongle Dadian, which are scattered in 8 countries and regions.

Ai Siren, a professor at Princeton University who attended the international symposium on the 600th anniversary of the compilation of Yongle Dadian, said: "Overseas collectors should return all the Yongle Dadian to China. This logic is simple because it belongs to China. "

Ai Siren also put the open letter on the Internet.

David Haley Halliwei, from the Oriental Classics Department of Oxford University Library, said: "Even if it cannot be returned for various reasons, China should be informed of the dissolution of Yongle Dadian and related information. Because this is China's document. "

According to experts, the National Library of Beijing has 22 1 volume of Yongle Dadian, accounting for about half of the global collection. In the early 1950s, the former Soviet Union returned to China 64 volumes of Yongle Dadian plundered by Russia and Japan. The former East Germany also returned three volumes. At present, the Library of Congress in the United States still has 4 1 volume, Britain has 5 1 volume, Germany has 5 volumes, and Japan and South Korea also have some.

In addition, it is still unknown how many copies of Yongle Dadian are scattered in research libraries or private hands.

An Qiuping, director of the China Ancient Literature Research Center in Peking University, said: "The Yongle Ceremony seen today is only 30% to 40% of that of that year, which is a historical tragedy caused by poverty and weakness in old China."

Ren, director of the National Library of China, said: "The compilation of Yongle Grand Ceremony is unprecedented and is a treasure of human civilization. If collectors and collectors around the world can produce original works, provide photos and reprint, this cultural heritage will reappear in the world. This is a righteous act to benefit the academic circles in China and the world, and to promote international cultural exchanges. It will last forever. "

The three-day seminar was attended by more than 90 experts and scholars from more than 50 research institutions and collection units in China, the United States, Britain and Japan. (End)

Up to now, more than 400 existing manuscripts of Yongle Dadian have been discovered.

Xinhuanet Beijing, April 17 (Reporter Shen Lutao) China's first encyclopedia "Yongle Dadian" was written as a book, which brought together 5,000 years of Chinese civilization, and it has been 600 years since. According to the research of experts and scholars, there are about 400 volumes, about 800 copies, less than 4% of the original book, scattered in 8 countries and regions.

Yongle Dadian was compiled by more than 3,000 people in the first year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (AD 1403) under the command of Prince Yao and Hanlin. From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, there were 8,000 kinds of books, covering everything from astronomical geography to people and things. There are 22,877 volumes in the book, and the catalogue has reached 60 volumes, all in regular script. It is the earliest and most magnificent encyclopedia in the world, which was published more than 300 years earlier than the encyclopedias edited by Diderot and D 'Alembert in France. Due to the voluminous articles, only one book was re-recorded in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. Since then, the whereabouts of the original is unknown, which has become a great mystery in the cultural history of China. The copy also suffered several times. During the Qianlong period, more than 0/000 copies of/kloc were found missing. In the first year of Guangxu, only 5,000 copies were found in the Qing Dynasty ceremony, and only 800 copies remained in the twentieth year of Guangxu (1894). At the beginning of this century, in 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, and most of the remaining Yongle Dadian was burned, and the rest was taken away from home.

Since then, China has been searching for traces of the loss of this masterpiece, and governments and scholars all over the world are also trying to collect, preserve and copy the stolen remains. It is understood that at present, more than 30 units around the world have collected the remaining copies of Yongle Dadian. Among them, from the first batch of Yongle Dadian in 19 12 to now, the National Library has collected 22 1 volume, which is more than half of the global collection, ranking first among all collections and one of the four collections of the National Library. Many of these books are donated by people of insight who value cultural heritage and support cultural undertakings, including private books donated by Mr. Zhao, 2 1 book collected by Oriental Library affiliated to Commercial Press, 4 books handed over by Peking University, 67 books sent back by the former Soviet Union and East Germany, and 1 book donated by a farmer in Yexian County, Shandong Province. In addition, 60 books were transported to the United States for preservation during their stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and then transferred to Taiwan Province Province for temporary storage in the National Palace Museum.

According to reports, in recent years, the remnants of Yongle Dadian have been found all over the world. At present, nearly 200 copies of Yongle Dadian are scattered in more than 30 units in 8 countries. Among them, the United States, Japan and Britain are big collectors. The United States has the Library of Congress, Harvard University Library, Cornell University Library and Boston Library, while Japan has eight units including the Library of Congress and three personal collections. In Britain, there are the British Museum and the Oxford University Library for collection. However, apart from the National Library, there are only Shanghai Library and Sichuan University Museum in China.

It is precisely because of the lack of the original, the repeated robbery of replicas and the collection and distribution of surviving replicas that the fate of Yongle Grand Ceremony has attracted much attention. Except for the compilation of Sikuquanshu in Qianlong period and the compilation of ancient books in Yongle Grand Ceremony, the historical materials of books preserved in Yongle Grand Ceremony have not been fully recognized and utilized so far, and new discoveries have occurred from time to time. The research, protection and utilization of Yongle Grand Ceremony has become an important research topic for academic circles and cultural relics protection workers, and has been paid more and more attention. (End)

The National Library calls for the Yongle Grand Ceremony to reappear in the world.

Xinhuanet Beijing, April 17 (Reporter) On the occasion of the 600th anniversary of the compilation of Yongle Dadian, Mr. Ren, the director of the National Library, today appealed to the collectors of Yongle Dadian all over the world: I hope that the book collection agencies all over the world and the book collector Qi Xin will work together to take out the original work of Yongle Dadian to shoot and reprint it, so that this cultural heritage can reappear in the world and last forever.

This is what Mr. Ren Lao said at the launching ceremony of simulated photocopying of Yongle Dadian held today. At present, from February 20001year1year, Beijing Book Publishing House has been printing on special Xuan paper, and the existing Yongle Dadian was originally published in simulated batches. The first batch of 163 mainland collector's edition collected in Chinese mainland will be published in one and a half years. After the first batch is published, it will take another year and a half to publish more than 200 volumes now hidden overseas for academic circles and the public to share.

The Yongle Grand Ceremony with the original version of 1 1095 is a monument in the history of human culture, trying to summarize and reconstruct the experience, knowledge and wisdom of the Chinese nation throughout history. There are more than 8,000 kinds of books, among which documents collected in the form of chapters or books can be preserved verbatim. This large-scale book was originally kept in the forbidden area of the palace and has not been seen by future generations; Replicas were lost in the Qing Dynasty and burned and plundered by Eight-Nation Alliance in modern times, which is a great loss of world culture.

It is precisely because of the splendor of this grand ceremony and its special experience in history that it reflects the rise and fall of the country and embodies national feelings. China has been searching for traces of the loss of this masterpiece, and governments and scholars all over the world are also trying to collect, preserve and copy this post-disaster scroll. At present, there are about 400 volumes of the Grand Ceremony, which are scattered in 30 units in 8 countries and regions.

In order to share more materials and documents of Yongle Dadian, from the Qing Dynasty to the founding of New China, various countries have reprinted it in various forms, such as photocopying and printing, but some of them are difficult to form a complete academic value due to incomplete information, and some are difficult to preserve all the information of the original book due to work and technical restrictions. It is the common aspiration of generations of people of insight to photocopy and publish Yongle Dadian as completely as possible. At present, modern cutting-edge photography and printing technology are used to directly shoot the original book images, which makes it possible to completely copy Yongle Dadian.

In order to carry forward the Chinese national culture and promote the academic and literature research of Yongle Dadian, the National Library decided to simulate the publication of the robbed volumes in its collection according to the format and paper binding of the original book, so as to promote the contemporary academic development and promote the excellent traditional culture. Mr. Ren believes that "the realization of this long-cherished wish depends on the full cooperation and strong support of collectors, collectors and people of insight all over the world." "I believe that all institutions and people who have made contributions to this cause will also shine in history and be immortal. We also believe that the understanding and cooperation between all ethnic groups in the world will surely eliminate all ideological differences and historical trauma and create a better future.