Who can introduce Hongze Lake?

Classification: Region >> Jiangsu Province

Analysis:

Hongze Lake is located in the west of Hongze County, Jiangsu Province, and developed on the alluvial plain in the middle reaches of Huaihe River. It used to be a depression with poor drainage, but later the accumulated water became many small lakes. During the Qin and Han Dynasties in China, they were called "Fuling" lakes. Among them, Hongze Lake is the largest, covering an area of 2,069 square kilometers, and it is the fourth largest freshwater lake among the five largest freshwater lakes in China.

Hongze Lake was called Broken Kettle Pond in ancient times. In 6 16 AD, Emperor Yang Di went down to the south of the Yangtze River, where it was in a dry period and it was very difficult to sail. When the dragon boat passed the broken kettle pond, it suddenly rained heavily and the boat went smoothly. Emperor Yang-ti was overjoyed, thinking that Hongfu was in heaven and had great kindness, so he renamed the broken kettle pool Hongzepu. Hongze Lake was named in the Tang Dynasty.

The overall shape of Hongze Lake is like a swan holding its head high and spreading its wings. Because Hongze Lake is developed in the depression of alluvial plain, the lake bottom is shallow and flat, and the bank slope is low and gentle. The bottom of the lake is 4-8 meters higher than the eastern part of the northern Jiangsu plain, which is a "suspended lake". Before harnessing the Huaihe River, Hongze Lake covered the Wang Yang, with neither a fixed shore nor a certain shape. With reference to harnessing the Huaihe River, Hongze Lake was also harnessed. At present, the east dike of the lake area is 50 meters wide and 67 kilometers long, almost all of which are composed of basalt strips. Seen from a distance, it looks like a Great Wall across the lake. This long levee not only protects thousands of fertile fields and thousands of villages and towns in the downstream area, but also provides convenience for shipping, power generation and irrigation by retaining abundant water sources.

Hongze Lake is a shallow lake with a water depth of less than 4 meters and a maximum water depth of 5.5 meters. The source of lake water, besides atmospheric precipitation, mainly depends on river water. Rivers flowing into Hongze Lake are concentrated in the west of the lake, including Huaihe River, He Sui River, Bianhe River and Anhe River. Sanhe and Subei irrigation canals are the main rivers that Hongze Lake discharges into the Yangtze River and enters the sea.

Hongze Lake is rich in aquatic resources, and there are nearly 100 kinds of fish in the lake, mainly carp, crucian carp, bighead carp, green grass, silver carp and so on. The crabs in Hongze Lake are also famous. In addition, the aquatic plants in Hongze Lake are very famous. Reed is almost all over the lake, and it is difficult for even ships to sail in lush places. Lotus root, Euryale ferox and water chestnut are very famous in history, and there was a saying that "water chestnut with the head of a chicken is half a year's grain".

Hongze lake landscape

the embankment of hongze lake

Huze Dadi was built in the fifth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 200) and was presided over by Chen Deng, governor of Guangling. Originally known as "Gaojiayan" Sanli. During Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, Governor Chen Xuan began to build a dam between Wu Dun and Qiao Zhou. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Pan Jixun of Caohe extended the levee to Jiangba, and the Hongze Lake levee was basically completed. The embankment was originally an earth embankment, and later it was changed to a brick embankment and a stone embankment. The stone dike was built in the eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1580), and it took two dynasties *** 17 1 year to be basically completed. The stone dike adopts pile foundation technology. According to the principle of breaking waves and preventing waves in the natural direction of waves, a long dike with more than 100 twists and turns was built by using the methods of connecting ribs with stones and biting iron pots. At the same time, five dams of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith" will be built on the dike line to discharge water.

The stone dike is more than a hundred miles long and magnificent, just like the "Great Wall on Water". However, for hundreds of years, during the flood season, due to the huge difference between the upstream inflow and the downstream flood discharge capacity, levees have repeatedly burst, causing devastating disasters to the downstream. 1950 Comrade * * issued the call of "Huaihe River must be repaired". After more than 40 years of efforts, a series of large and medium-sized hydraulic structures, flood discharge and irrigation projects, such as Sanhe sluice, Hull sluice, Gaoliangjian intake sluice, hydropower station and double-track lock, have been built. In the winter of 1966, the original stone project was demolished, and a wave-proof forest platform with a width of 50 meters and a height of 14.5 meters was built on the lake near the lake. The slope protection was built with old dike stones and more than 400,000 trees were planted. The toe of the dike is changed into a stone slope, and a stone wall is cut along the top of the dike. In order to ensure the safety of the levee, during the winter solstice of 1976 and the spring solstice of 1978, a second-class embankment with a width of 26 meters and a height of 13.4 meters was built on the east levee to fill up the deep ponds of Qiao Zhou and Gaoliangjian. Now the levee has really become the "Great Wall on Water".

There are many places of interest along the 50-mile-long levee from the county seat to Jiangba, such as Seiryuji in Gaoliangjian, Dadun Island at the exit of the wharf, where there are the remains of Dunai and Yinmachi, the generals of the Three Kingdoms, and then there are Jiulong Bay, Qiao Zhou Datang, Qianlong Imperial Monument, Gundam (that is, wisdom and belief in the five dams of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and righteousness) and Huanggang Temple (Jinshi and poetry altar during Shunzhi years).

Zhenshuitieniu

During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, when the Hongze Lake levee was completed, a chicken was dropped to save water. Now that the tiger and chicken are gone, the iron cow is still "alive", but unfortunately there are only five left. Two of them are in Jiangba Sanhe Sluice Management Office, two are in Park and Gaoliangjian Sluice, and one is in Huaiyin Gaonian. The iron ox is made of pig iron, and it is well preserved except for the incomplete horn and some inscriptions that have been corroded. Tieniu is1.70m long, 0.57m wide and 0.68m high. A 0.07-meter-thick iron plate is integrated with the cow body and weighs about 2250 kilograms. There is a line of regular script on the shoulders and ribs of cattle in Yang Wen. The inscription reads: "Only the dragon in Jin Kemu is hidden, but the domestic water turtle snake is dropped, and the rhinoceros is cast for Huaiyang Town to drink, and the wrong pillow will always be reported to my emperor." According to the inscription, the iron ox is used to calm the water. According to historical records, the Hongze Lake levee broke many times in history, only from 1575- 1855 280 years, it broke 140 times. At that time, in addition to migrant workers' buildings, in order to save water and eliminate floods, the Qing Dynasty decided to cast iron cows. In the 40th year of Kangxi (A.D. 170 1), Sima Zhang Suining began casting in Gaoliangjian at noon on Duanyang Festival. There were 9 pieces originally planned, but there were many materials, so 16 pieces were put in. After the casting was completed, the iron cow was placed in various dangerous sections of the Hongze Lake levee.

Guishan

Guishan, also known as Xiaguishan. Located on the bank of Huaihe River, surrounded by the lake on three sides and connected with the land on one side, it looks like a giant turtle, lying at the exit of Huaihe River and entering the lake. It is the natural fish mouth of Huaihe River diversion. About 80 miles southwest of Hongze County. According to legend, Dayu controlled the water, reaching the Tongbai tree in three places, and gaining the spirit of the wizard of Huai vortex, locked at the foot of Guishan Mountain, Huai Jiang 'an. The famous Qizhi well is here, and people also call it "jellyfish well". During the Han and Jin Dynasties, Kameyama served as a county magistrate. Because it is in the natural barrier of Huaishui, it has been a place to fight for most of the history. Therefore, Kameyama is also called "Junshan". In the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were Huiling Pagoda in Guishan Mountain, temples at the foot of the mountain were continuous, halls and pavilions were magnificent, and there were blasphemous statues, big iron buddhas, five hundred gold-plated iron arhats and so on. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by war. The lone peak of Guishan stands upright, and the mainstream is the middle stream. Climbing the mountain vertically, stretching for thousands of miles, misty and rainy all around. Ancient celebrities often come here to visit and recite scriptures. In the Song Dynasty, Mi Fei wrote the poem "Night Bell in Guishan Temple": "The steep peaks are towering and the clouds tower, and the sunset glow reflects the sunset village", which is unique. Park Yin-liang, an envoy of North Korea in Song Dynasty, visited Guishan and wrote a poem "Crossing Guishan". The poem says: "Rocks and steep stones are stacked into mountains, with beads under them and water rings under them. The tower shadow hangs at the bottom of the Huaihe River, and the bell falls far away from the blue clouds. Hong Tao is in a hurry in front of the door, and the monk in the bamboo is idle during the day. I am fortunate to have a tour, and I cherish this scene, so I will leave a poem. " This shows the bustling scene of Guishan in those days.

There are two inscriptions on Guishan Mountain: one is the reconstruction of Huaidu Temple in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and the situation that Dayu got the water god Wu and Sizhou were ready to build Huaidu Temple. The other is the Qing Dynasty's "Jian 'an Huaisi Monument Moved", which was written by Ruan Yuan, a famous calligrapher in Yangzhou in the Qing Dynasty. The content mainly describes the Yellow River's invasion of Huaihe River and Laozishan Wharf and other water conservancy projects.

Mingling mausoleum

Ming Zuling is located at the mouth of the Huaihe River into Hongze Lake. When Sizhou City was submerged by the lake, the Ming Zuling was also swallowed up by the lake. In 1970s and 1980s, in order to protect the Ming Zu Mausoleum, a 3000m dam was built to separate the Mausoleum from the lake, and the cultural relics that had been submerged in the lake for more than 300 years were rediscovered and became tourist attractions.

Ming Zuling, known as the "First Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty". After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he respected his great-grandfather Zhu as Emperor Xuandi, his great-grandfather Zhu as Emperor Hengdi and his grandfather Zhu Chuyi as Emperor Yu. In the 19th year of Hongwu (A.D. 1386), the ancestral mausoleum was built, and in the 11th year of Yongle (A.D. 14 13). The original ancestral hall, Golden Gate, Jade Bridge, Kitchen Library, Jingting, Slaughterhouse, Zhai, Accommodation Room, Paving Room, Monument Pavilion, Instrument Cong, etc. There are 10,000 cypress plants, with a total length of more than 250 meters. On both sides, there are two pairs of watchtowers, stone statues 19 pairs, and sacrifice ground 149 hectares. The scale is grand and the momentum is extraordinary.

Now, when tourists arrive at the Ming Zuling, the first thing they see is twenty-one pairs of huge stone carvings, which stand on both sides of the long Shinto. Experts believe that these stone carvings are the leading representative works of the Ming Tombs stone carvings and have high artistic value. Because it was submerged for a long time and damaged less, the details of the stone carving were as clear and delicate as at that time. Four pairs of civil servants, dressed in embroidered robes, wearing jade belts around their waists, patting their chests with their hands, are gentle and docile; Two pairs of military attaché s, wearing armor on their heads, pressing swords in their hands, their eyes wide open and imposing. The rest of the lions, unicorns, horns, horses, etc. Vivid and beautiful modeling, fine carving, smooth and soft lines. Such as moire on Kirin, brushed hand hair and drooping scales; The lion's neck is full of curly hair and red tassels floating in the wind; The fine mane on the stone horse's neck, the sweat on his body and the dragon and phoenix pattern on the saddle are all exquisite stone carvings. From the stone carving group to the north, there are Lingxingmen site and Daxiong Hall site. There are 28 stone foundations in the ruins of the main hall, so you can imagine the grand scale of the main hall. The burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang's great-grandfather, great-grandfather and grandfather is called Xuangong. At present, there are three caves with brick vault buildings, and there are three stone gates with a height of 2 meters and a width of 1.2 meters on the front, which have not yet been excavated. As an important part of Hongze Lake tourist area, Ming Zuling is attracting more and more tourists with its unique style.

Hongze Lake Legend

Nine cows, two tigers and one chicken.

People often use "nine cows and two tigers" to show great strength. When the Hongze Lake levee was reinforced in the Qing Dynasty, they cast a "nine cows, two tigers and one chicken" and put it on the levee to pray for water.

It is said that when the iron ox was first cast, its stomach was full of gold and silver. At night, it often goes to the fields to steal the crops of ordinary people. When a man comes out to fight, he hits its two corners with a stick. From then on, I don't know which greedy person stole the iron cow's gold heart and silver bravery, which made the iron cow unable to move and lost the function of saving water. The existing iron cows are as big as real cows, with their heads held high and their knees bent, as if Cleisthenes wanted to scream. They are charming. They are lying on a conjoined iron seat with a thickness of about 10cm, with fine casting and vivid shape, weighing about 2500kg. The handwriting on the shoulder blade of the iron cow is engraved in regular script: "In Wei and Jin Dynasties, Kemu hidden dragons, Wei Tu sent water turtles and snakes down to earth, cast rhinoceroses to pay tribute to Huaiyang, and removed the wrong pads forever, and reported them to my emperor. Kangxi Xinyi voted in the afternoon. "

Times have changed, and all the "nine cows, two tigers and one chicken" have run away, leaving only five iron cows scattered on the levee in the rain in Mu Feng. Today, this iron cow has become the most popular scene in Hongze Lake.

Liuji dike construction

Liu Ji helped Zhu Yuanzhang destroy the Yuan Dynasty, established the Great Ming Dynasty, and made the country rich and the people safe. However, floods are very serious and often flood crops. Ming Chengzu Zhu ordered Liu Ji to build water conservancy projects.

After receiving the order, Liu Ji went to Hongze Lake area, from Laozi Mountain to Qingjiang River, and surveyed the terrain all the way. According to his investigation, the terrain in this area is uneven, and the weir built is not built horizontally, so as soon as the upper head enters the water, the lower head will burst.

Liu Ji found the reason for the breakthrough. He bought a lot of rice bran from ordinary people, transported it upstream and released water to Laozi Mountain. He spread the rice grains slowly on the water, let them stick to the positions on both sides of the river, find the horizontal line, and then build a pile according to the position of the rice grains, which is the winding Hongze Lake levee now.

After Liu Ji built the weir in this way, there was no backcutting. Until now, the weir is still good, and people call this solid levee "steel pile".

Upright carrying a girl.

"Marry a girl and splash water", but just after New Year's Day, fishermen in Hongze Lake District will dress up their boats and take the girl home. They will often talk and be hospitable.

At the beginning of this century, countless fishermen drifted in the Huaihe River basin and scattered along the Hongze Lake. On February 2 of that year, a fisherman drove a flower boat into the small turtle beach on Hongze Lake, took his daughter aboard, laughed all the way to the upper reaches of Huaihe River and took her daughter back to her family. Very beautiful. The local fisherman was curious, and the woman said, "This is a custom in my family." Later, the woman told a ballad with relish: her family took the girl on the float, and her husband's family sent her to a virtuous mother; Welcome the heart, parents praise the matchmaker. From then on, the custom of taking girls on floats is like a unique little play, which is staged year after year in Hongze Lake area.

Emperor Qianlong looked for his father.

After Ganlong's mother entered the palace, his father became a monk in Guishan, Hongze County. Gan Long went down to the south of the Yangtze River and crossed Guishan. He gave each monk a cassock, and they all knelt down to thank him. Only one didn't kneel down and call himself "Eight X Monk" and didn't worship the Lord. After Gan Long returned to Beijing to listen to the Queen Mother's explanation, he realized that "Eight X" was the word "father" and that the father did not worship his son. When Gan Long went to Guishan for the second time, his father had already left. No, I was later ordered to overhaul the temple in Guishan. The main entrance of the temple was called "Wumaomen" because the emperor had been here.

Laozi and Laozishan

Legend has it that Lao Zi is a descendant of Peng Zu and was born on the bank of Huaihe River. His mother got pregnant after eating a plum floating in the water. She was pregnant for 8 1 year and gave birth to a white-haired son, so she was named Old Gigi Lai. Because there are three leaks in his ear, he is also known as Lao Dan, whose real name is Youlong. In order to develop the western regions and publicize the rites of Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty sent Laozi to lobby in the western regions. During his roaming, he ate the fairy grass of the queen mother and became immortal. One day, he rode a green cow from heaven to a rock in the sea, and then the sea receded and the rock became a hill. He practiced alchemy here and treated fishermen. People respectfully called him the old gentleman on the throne and called this mountain Laozi Mountain.

Laozi Mountain, located on the south bank of Hongze Lake, is the entrance of Huaihe River into the lake, surrounded by water on three sides and connected by a mountain in the north and south, and is famous for its lakes and mountains. Laozishan has been prosperous in business and developed in culture since ancient times, and businessmen from the north and the south often gather here. There are many places of interest in this mountain, such as Laozi's alchemy platform, Qingniu Trail (the footprint of Laozi's green Niu Shan), Phoenix Wharf, Diaoyutai, Huokeji and Youlong Academy. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by the war, and now only the remains of Xianren Cave and Phoenix Pier are left. There are dozens of beaches in Laozi Mountain, including more than 300,000 mu of water surface, which is extremely rich in natural resources. The lake is rich in all kinds of freshwater fish, shrimp, crab, soft-shelled turtle, mussel, water chestnut, lotus root, lotus seed, reed, water chestnut and so on. There are nearly ten thousand acres of lotus ponds on the lake southwest of the town. When the lotus pond is in full bloom, it is really "infinite lotus leaves and different colors of lotus flowers", which is really a beautiful scenery on the lake, as evidenced by Lao Zi Shan Ji.

Why are the fish in Hongze Lake delicious?

The Monkey King stole the old man's elixir after making a scene in the Heavenly Palace. Li Laojun had no choice but to avoid the Monkey King, set up Yuntou to the west and find a secluded place to make an alchemist. The old man stood on the cloud and saw a green hill below. At first glance, at the foot of the mountain is a piece of green grass. When the old man landed, he saw that it was Laoshan Mountain on the south bank of Hongze Lake, and there happened to be a cave. Li Laojun is here in Laoshan, collecting medicine and making an alchemy. The Monkey King was anxious to find Li Laojun everywhere for an elixir, but he couldn't find it. Later, he set up a cloud and went straight to the west. As soon as he saw a mountain on the south bank of Hongze Lake, he went ashore and saw a fairy cave on the south slope of the mountain, so he went in. Go in and see, Li Laojun is busy refining elixir. When Li Laojun saw the Monkey King, he quickly put the pills into a gourd, set up a cloud and ran to the sky. The Monkey King followed, reaching for the gourd. Seeing that the elixir of life was about to be taken away by the Monkey King, Li Laojun raised a big iron bar to break the gourd. The Monkey King even caught a few grains, and the rest fell into Hongze Lake. Fish, shrimps and crabs are vying to eat the elixir. Since then, the fish in Hongze Lake is delicious and delicious, and it is still well-known until now.

The fisherman washes the pot but doesn't go into the water.

Once upon a time, there was an old fisherman couple in Hongze Lake. They are poor, with only a broken boat and a broken jar. One day, the old couple crossed Hongze Lake and wanted to go to the market to buy some rations and a small pot. When the ship docked to the market to buy things, no one answered in the shops and grocery stalls. The old man was very angry. Seeing that it was getting late, he hurried to the grain store and bought a small Gu Mi. He also took a small pot in the grocery store and turned to get on the boat. The seller didn't chase him for money. The fisherman is very strange. When I got on the boat, I saw a piece of Wang Yang around me. The old couple realized that this was Sizhou City. The next morning, the fisherman found that the little Gu Mi he brought back turned into fresh fish. The old couple were overjoyed and immediately carried the fish to the market to sell and bought the rice back. After happily returning to the boat to prepare for cooking, they opened the lid and saw that there was food in the pot. The old couple lived on this pot for a long time.

One day, the old fisherman washed the pot in water, but it disappeared as soon as it entered the water. Therefore, fishermen in Hongze Lake no longer brush their pots in the lake. This custom has been passed down to this day.