Briefly describe the basic measures taken to protect the subjects.

The following answers briefly describe the basic measures taken to protect the inspected:

1. Take the radiology department as an example: Minimize the irradiation field: Reducing the irradiation field not only reduces the organs and tissues directly irradiated, but also reduces the irradiation of scattered rays to neighboring organs. At the same time, reducing the irradiation field and scattering lines is also of great benefit to improve the contrast of the image.

2. Shorten fluoroscopy time: When fluoroscopy is used for radiological diagnosis, the dose of examination is greater than that of direct photography for similar diagnosis. However, at present, some radiological diagnostic radiography, interventional diagnosis and treatment have to use fluoroscopy. In order to shorten the fluoroscopy time as much as possible, we should fully understand the patient's condition before operation and be targeted. Under the premise of not affecting the operation, try to use low-dose fluoroscopy.

3. Use of protective equipment for subjects: As long as it is feasible, it is necessary to shield radiation-sensitive organs, such as gonads, eye lenses, mammary glands, field glands, etc. X-ray examination of abdomen and baby of women of childbearing age must strictly grasp the indications. For pregnant women, especially those who are pregnant for 8~ 10 weeks, unless they have special needs, X-ray examination of lower abdomen is not allowed.

4. Pay attention to the selection of photographic conditions and postures: try to choose the best working conditions, and try to use high kV and low mA without affecting the photographic quality. Try to keep the unchecked important organs away from the irradiation field when taking pictures. If the hand is irradiated, the examinee should not face the X-ray tube, and the focus of the tube should not be less than 30cm.