Introduction of photography skills of SLR camera

Portrait beginners are not very familiar with the creation of the picture, so there are often many imperfections in the composition, which may not be felt in the preview window when shooting, and all the defects will pop up after the photo comes out.

The arrangement of characters is also the arrangement of scenery. It overemphasizes the arrangement of background and composition, but ignores the essence of characters and becomes superficial. The overall image and characters cannot be integrated, and it is also incorrect to lose the expression of character connotation in portrait photography. In fact, this can be improved through learning. The following are some shortcomings that beginners often make, and the ways to improve them.

1. Since the theme of today's shooting is portrait, the proportion of portrait in the whole picture should not be too small. If you don't have a suitable background, you can try to be close to the theme, choose a simpler background, and take advantage of the short depth of field, such as opening the aperture, choosing a lens with a longer focal length or choosing a cleaner scene far away from the subject as the background, which can simplify the background and make the subject stand out.

2. Beginners are used to putting the theme in the center of the picture. You can move the theme to the golden point or golden line of TIC-tac-toe composition, and develop the habit of focusing (locking) first and then re-composing.

3. When shooting outside the park, try not to put branches, bars, beams or reflective points around the model's face. We can properly change the angle between the photographer and the model, and remove these inappropriate scenery gases from the picture by changing the viewing angle.

4. Very conspicuous scenery, such as bright flowers, whether the foreground or the background, should be blurred or faded as far as possible, so as not to follow the model's style and take the lead.

5. Whether it is vertical or banner, it is completely based on the body language presented by the current model and pays attention to the level of the picture, and the special expression is not limited.

6. In addition, we should try to avoid drawing the lines of the whole picture without destroying the integrity of the image, such as long chairs in the park, bars above railings, handrails of stairs, slender columns and so on. In addition, if the arrangement of limbs is not appropriate, it will also cut the image and have a certain impact on the image.

7. Later, when you have a deeper understanding of framing and composition, you can try to break through the existing composition rules, create your own unique style, cooperate with the use of negatives, related lenses and filters, think backwards, boldly arrange the relationship between people and scenery, and find your own style in alternative images.

~ ~ Ten Taboos

First, avoid direct sunlight.

Bright sunshine provides good lighting conditions, making the scenery vivid and saturated with colors, which provides conditions for using high-speed shutters and small apertures. However, strong sunlight can also bring problems. The most prominent thing is that its dazzling light will open the eyes of the subject. At the same time, high-angle direct sunlight will also cause heavy facial shadows and skin wrinkles, which will damage the image beauty of the characters. So when taking pictures outdoors, let the sun shine on the subject from the side and avoid facing the sun directly.

Second, avoid people getting too close to the colored environment.

In bright light, the reflection of objects will be enhanced. In this case, people should try to stay away from those colorful scenery (such as newly painted building exterior walls, large awnings and so on). ), otherwise the colors of those scenes will be mapped to people, causing color cast.

Third, people standing on the concrete floor should avoid the top light when taking pictures.

Because the cement floor surface is flat and light in color, it will form strong reflection. This kind of bottom-up "footlights" will often have horrible effects and should be avoided as much as possible.

Fourth, avoid standing under a tree and taking pictures.

Light and shadow complement each other. The stronger the light, the deeper the shadow. When people stand by and take pictures of a tree, sunlight often casts leaves on people's bodies and faces, causing mottled shadows, which is not conducive to the aesthetic feeling of the picture.

Fifth, avoid ignoring the filter.

Under the cloudless blue sky of outdoor Wan Li, all places that avoid light are covered with blue; In the afterglow of dusk, all the scenery was stained with orange red. In such an environment, if you want to keep the original color of the scene, you must install the corresponding filter in front of the camera. In the former case, you can choose a reddish or amber filter, and in the latter case, you can choose a light blue filter.

6. Avoid using high-speed film.

In the sunny and scorching sun, the light intensity is already very high. If high-speed film is used again, it will often force the aperture to receive a small amount, or it is impossible to use a slow shutter. All these situations will bring certain limitations to photography creation.

Seven, avoid random fill light.

In the bright sunshine, the scenery will have a strong contrast. In order to avoid too much contrast, it is effective to use auxiliary light for auxiliary lighting, but we should master the discretion, not only to avoid the auxiliary light being too bright, but also to avoid exposing the traces of auxiliary light (such as the projection opposite to the main light).

Avoid relying entirely on autoexposure files.

Many photographers like to use automatic exposure files when taking pictures outdoors, but they don't know that this automatic exposure file can only handle some ordinary situations, but both sides of yin and yang are semi-reverse; Light and other conditions will become "stupid", so we have to play it by ear and make appropriate exposure adjustments according to specific conditions.

Nine, avoid direct backlight camera.

When shooting backlight under strong light, it is necessary to prevent the light from directly hitting the lens, otherwise it is easy to produce halo phenomenon.

10. Avoid wearing clothes that are too reflective.

Take photos under strong light, if the subject is wearing clothes with strong reflection (such as white shirts, clothes made of luminous nylon, etc.). ), it will turn white or produce a large glow, which makes the texture of clothes difficult to express.

Background plays a very important role in photos with people as the main body, and the relationship between people and background can reveal people's inner world.

From the practice of portrait photography, the background may be varied, including plane, depth, indoor and outdoor ... How the background describes the personality characteristics of the subject can be considered from the following aspects:

First of all, according to the theme that the photo wants to illustrate, choose the background of the photo of the person. Photographers usually have a very clear creative theme. Because of the different themes, photographers should make reasonable choices according to the specific circumstances when choosing the background. For example, to show the professional characteristics of the subject, we can shoot with natural light in the field with the work site as the background, thus creating a normal atmosphere in the picture, taking the environment as an important part of the picture, setting off the characters with the environment and reminding them of their inner world with the environment.

If the photos reflect the appearance and temperament of the characters, the background should be simple and simple, which can greatly strengthen the subject and make the characters vivid.

In order to depict the characters' personalities and artistic achievements, the photographer chose a huge abstract painting background and painted the clothes of the subjects. Therefore, this unique background highlights the image of the characters and is unforgettable.

Second, choose different apertures according to the content of the background. Once the content of the background is determined, how to express the background becomes a key issue. The specific expression of the background depends on the content of the background. If the background is the whole picture, an organic and important part of the picture, which can convey a lot of information that helps the audience understand the subject, then the aperture should be reduced to make the details of the background quite clear. If the background is only used to appear in the picture as a tone component different from the main object, you can use the method of enlarging the aperture to make it appear blurred in the picture.

Third, grasp the proportion of the background in the picture. How much position should the background occupy in the picture? There are no rules, but some principles can be referenced. If you take a portrait that shows the environment occupied by the subject, then you can use a larger background, as long as it is not big enough to occupy land, you can take pictures of people traveling. When there are places of interest in the picture, the background can occupy as many positions as possible to avoid taking pictures of the scenery. Also, there should be more backgrounds for taking full-length portraits of characters, so as not to cause embarrassment, while there should be less backgrounds for taking chest photos and head photos, so that the audience can concentrate more on the subject.

Fourth, avoid some bad backgrounds. A good background can set off and beautify the use of the subject, while a bad background will affect the beauty of the picture. When taking pictures, there are some scenes that are generally not suitable as the background:

1. The scenery is messy and complicated.

2. The bright blocks in this scene usurp the role of the master.

3. Scenery with cool colors (because when it is reflected on the face of the subject, it will make the character look sick).

4. Scenery with unusually strong contrast.

When taking a full-length or half-length photo of a person, the posture and shape of the subject are very important. To make the posture of the subject beautiful, you must master the following skills:

1. The head and body should not be in a straight line.

If the two are in a straight line, it will inevitably feel dull. Therefore, when the body is facing the camera, the head should turn slightly to the left or right, and the photo will look elegant and vivid; Similarly, when the subject's eyes look directly at the lens, turning his body to a certain angle will make the picture look vivid and dynamic, and increase the three-dimensional sense.

2. Arms and legs should not be parallel.

No matter whether the subject is sitting or standing, never let his arms or legs be parallel, because it will make people feel stiff and mechanical. The correct way is to play the same song all the time or form a certain angle between them. This can not only cause movement, but also change posture.

3. Try to make the curves of the characters clear.

For female subjects, it is necessary to show their charming curves. The usual practice is to let one leg of the character actually support the weight of the whole body, and the other leg is slightly lifted and leaned against the standing leg. The arm should be rotated to show its narrowest side, and the chest should be bent through the waist to show its towering and plump feeling as much as possible. At the same time, the character's hand can be placed on the hip to provide the necessary width for the picture.

4. Sit posture should be avoided.

Don't let the subject sit in the chair as usual when showing his sitting posture. If so, her thighs will be at rest, so that the fat part at the upper end of her thighs will protrude, making her thighs look clumsy. The correct way is to let him go forward, sit near the chair, chest out and abdomen in order to avoid the phenomenon of drooping shoulders and protruding abdomen.

5. The lens should be far away rather than close.

Generally speaking, it is better to take pictures of people from a distance than from a distance. Because when the lens (especially the lens with short focal length) is very close to the subject, deformity will occur. Therefore, when shooting, we should choose a lens with appropriate focal length and keep the lens at a certain distance from people. According to practice, we know that if we use standard lens to shoot portraits, the best distance is between 6 and 8 feet; Take a chest image between 8 and 9 feet; Take a full-length portrait, preferably between (13-22 feet. In addition, keeping the subjects' hands and feet close to the body helps to avoid the occurrence of deformity, and once they are more than 18 inches from the front and back of the body, there will be a disproportion, and the hands and feet will become too big or too small.

6. Show a good posture.

The hand of the subject is not big in the picture, but if it is not placed properly, it will destroy the overall aesthetic feeling of the picture. Pay attention to the integrity of the hand when shooting, and don't let the hand feel deformed, broken or incomplete. If you put your hands on your hips or put them in your pockets, show some fingers to avoid giving the impression of being cut off.