Explaining the Chinese text of the college entrance examination: the book of exhortation and expulsion.

20 17 explanation of college entrance examination Chinese text: the book of exhortation and expulsion.

Book of admonition

Writer's works

Li Si, Chu people in the Warring States; It played an important role in the process of Qin Shihuang's unification of the whole country;

His prose is good at reasoning and rich in literary talent.

The book of remonstrance and expulsion is contained in Historical Records and Biography of Lisi.

The "book" here is not a letter, but a letter and a memorial, which is a style in which ancient courtiers stated their political views to the monarch. (key)

Main idea

Read the note 1 at the back of the text carefully to understand the background of writing this article. (key)

Based on the achievements of four monarchs in the history of Qin, this paper explains Ke Qing's achievements. Citing a large number of facts, this paper explains that the British host should not value others over himself, and theoretically explains the interest relationship between expelling guests and accepting guests, thus pointing out that expelling guests is not conducive to the development of Qin's cause and is wrong.

Difficult words and phrases

1, I heard that the official discussion on expulsion, I think it's too much. (stealing: private; End: Error)

2. The people are rich and the country is strong, the country is rich and the people are strong, and folk music is used. (use: therefore; Yin Sheng: Feng; Fun: willing to serve the country)

3, Chu, the teacher of Wei, has raised thousands of miles and is strong to this day. (acquisition: capture; Lift: capture; Governance: rich and powerful)

4, cutting fertile soil, then scattered from six countries, making the west Qin, merit has been applied to this day. (scattered: make-scattered；; From: trade unions; West: facing the west; Stone; Continued)

5, make the four gentlemen not inside. (Shi Xiang: At the beginning, if; But: refuse; Inside: Na)

6, this is not the art of crossing the sea and making princes. (Cross: unification; System: unified)

7. Taishan does not let the soil, so it can become big; Rivers and seas do not choose trickle, so they can be deep; The king is not only popular, so he can understand his virtue. (let: exclusion; Select: select; On: verb, achievement; But: turn away; Ming: Everbright)

8. But the guest is a prince. (industry: verbs, make contributions)

9, come to the leopard, Gongsun is in gold. (Come: make-come)

10, force it, Dusit. (Du: Let's finish it)

Full text translation

I heard that officials discussed expelling guests: I privately think this is wrong.

Once upon a time, Qin Miao (Mu) recruited talented people from Xirong in the west, and from Chu in the east, he chose Priscilla as the prime minister, took an uncle and nephew from Song, and appointed Pi Bao from Jin as the general and a doctor. These five sages were not born and raised in Sri Lanka, but were hand-picked by Qin Miaogong, who annexed 20 countries and dominated the West. Qin Xiaogong used Shang Yang's method to change customs, which made the people increase their wealth, made the country rich and strong, made the people willing to serve the country, and the vassals were close and obedient (Qin), captured the army of Chu and Wei, and expanded their territory by thousands of miles. So far, this country is stable and strong. King Hui of Qin took advantage of Zhang Yi's strategy to seize the land around the Yellow River, Yishui and Luoshui, connecting Ba and Shu in the west, Shang Jun in the north and Hanzhong in the south. They conquered ethnic minorities, controlled Hubei and Du Ying, occupied (dangerous) elevation and carved up fertile land, thus disintegrating the alliance of the six eastern countries, making them face the west and submit to Qin, and their achievements continue to this day. Zhao Haoqi of Qin got it, abolished the handsome seal of Ran, exiled his mother and younger brother Hua Yangjun, consolidated the royal family, ended the despotism of the powerful, and gradually annexed the princes, thus making Qin complete the great cause of claiming the emperor. These four monarchs all depend on the work of your guests. From this perspective, what did Ke Qing do for Qin? If the first four gentlemen refused to accept these guests and alienated them, Qin would not be rich and powerful, and Qin would not have a strong reputation.

Now your majesty has sent the beautiful jade of Kunlun Mountain, including the pearl of the later dynasty, the jade of He Shen, the night pearl, the sword of Pei Tai, the galloping horse, the colorful flag of Cuifeng and the drum of the coffin. None of these treasures are made in Qin, but your majesty likes them. Why? If things produced by Qin must be allowed to exist, then luminous jade will not be used to decorate the court; Musical instruments made of ivory will not be your favorite thing to appreciate; Beautiful women from Zheng and Wei will not fill your harem; A thousand miles of horses will not fill your stable; Jiangnan' Suk Kim won't be your vessel; The pigments in Bashu area will not be used to paint your court; If the beauty used to decorate the harem, fill the hall and make you happy must be born and raised in Qin, the hairpin inlaid with bamboo, earrings inlaid with pearls, silk and brocade embroidery in Dong 'e will not come to you. With the secular changes, Zhao Nv, who dresses more fashionable, elegant, beautiful and slim, will not be with you. Those sounds of knocking on the crock, playing the bamboo zither, patting the thighs and whining are the real Qin music, while Zheng, Wei, Sang Jian, Wu Xiang and other musical instruments are the music of other countries. Now, I don't use musical instruments that hit tiles, but I like the music of Guzheng and Wei. I don't play Guzheng anymore, but I use classical music such as Yu Shao and Wuxiang. Why? Just for immediate comfort and pleasure, it is suitable for viewing. Choose talents now.