14-year-old Olympic diving champion Quan Hongchan, what is the secret of martial arts?

Diving with graceful posture is a dynamic human art, which requires dexterous and flexible physical quality, precise and delicate balance ability and clear and keen sense of space. A perfect diving action includes graceful take-off, chic take-off and agile entry, which are of equal value and weight to the referee.

The entry of athletes into the water is a beautiful "splash", and the technique of "pressing the splash" is almost the secret weapon of divers in various countries.

At first, people thought that streamlined water resistance and splash were the least when hands were folded. It is said that in diving, someone accidentally found that it is better to face the water with the sole of your foot and not stretch your toes, so it brought the splash technology of water impact.

Experiments show that when a wedge-shaped object falls into a pool, due to the incompressibility of water, it will find its way out along the direction of least resistance, and the inclined plane of the wedge-shaped object is this direction. The water that collides with the square object mainly moves laterally, because it cannot be washed up by the pressure of the surrounding water, which is also the reason why the palm spray is small.

When you jump into the water from 10 meter, the instantaneous speed reaches 15 meter per second, and your hands bear considerable pressure. In practice, athletes have created different hand combinations to adapt to different situations. Because it is difficult to completely stop the rotation of the body in the air when entering the water, the palm needs to face the direction of speed, not just parallel to the water surface. This is the delicate and subtle "water kneading" technology of "details determine success or failure".

Yesterday afternoon, the Olympic diving women's single platform 10 meter final ended in Tokyo. /kloc-Quan Hongchan, a 0/4-year-old China teenager, got full marks in the three jumps and won the gold medal with an overwhelming advantage. After watching the game, you may ask, how do divers restrain the splash? Let's take a look at the picture of another competition-this is the scene of the women's 3m springboard competition in the 20 16 Rio Olympic Games. China's stone completed the run-up, take-off and somersault in the air in only two seconds, with almost no splash.

Why do divers always splash perfect water?

The answer is as follows

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Diving has been included in the Olympic Games for one hundred years [1], but it was not until the 1970s that splash suppression technology came into public view [2]. Since then, generations of divers in China have begun to emerge on the international stage [3].

This is the last jump of Guo Jingjing, the 3m springboard of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Through the playback, you will find that she did not put her hand in the water, but turned her palm and rubbed it with her palm.

Water is a liquid with low compressibility and viscosity. When we enter the water surface in a wedge shape, under the pressure of the arm and the adjacent water, the water will escape obliquely upward with minimum pressure.

When we flip our hands vertically into the water, the water is forced to spread to both sides, and some of it is squeezed upward by the high-speed human body, so the splash is suppressed. Of course, in real diving, it is difficult for athletes to completely stop their body rotation when entering the water, which means that they need to turn their palms to aim at the direction of speed [4].

The common gesture of splashing water is to hold hands and thumbs tightly. Of course, some athletes will also use other movements, and the basic principle is basically the same as the hand turning into the water [5][6]. However, to complete a perfect dive, it is not enough to master the posture of pressing the splash. Take 3m springboard as an example, the run-up stage can be divided into three steps: walking board, stepping forward and jumping [7]. Athletes need to control the inclination of their bodies when taking off the springboard, because this will affect the height of take-off and the time of flying [8].

You must have seen such a mysterious code, which consists of 3 to 4 numbers and a letter. In the 3-digit code, the number 1 stands for diving action group, which refers to the direction of the athlete's standing before taking off and the direction of his body movement after taking off; the second digit stands for whether there is any flying action, the third digit stands for the number of somersaults, half a week is 1, one week is 2, and so on. These letters represent the four postures of divers in the air.

So "205B" means that the athlete should somersault backwards for two and a half weeks in a bent position. As for the 4-digit code, 1 digit indicates turning or standing with arms, and the last 3 digits and letters respectively indicate the rolling direction, rolling cycle times, turning cycle times and air posture [9]. The code "5255B" stands for two and a half somersaults and two and a half turns. Different digital codes have corresponding difficulty coefficients, which are mainly determined according to five aspects. Generally speaking, the more somersaults and turns, the higher the difficulty coefficient [1]. A big reason is that it will reduce the preparation time for entering the water [10]. Athletes need to adjust their posture in less than 1 second to prepare for the next splash.

So "205B" means that the athlete should somersault backwards for two and a half weeks in a bent position. As for the 4-digit code, 1 digit indicates turning or standing with arms, and the last 3 digits and letters respectively indicate the rolling direction, rolling cycle times, turning cycle times and air posture [9]. The code "5255B" stands for two and a half somersaults and two and a half turns. Different digital codes have corresponding difficulty coefficients, which are mainly determined according to five aspects. Generally speaking, the more somersaults and turns, the higher the difficulty coefficient [1]. A big reason is that it will reduce the preparation time for entering the water [10]. Athletes need to adjust their posture in less than 1 second to prepare for the next splash.

You may think that as long as the body enters the water, the action is completed. But underwater, divers need to slide, roll or scoop with their arms to reduce splash [1][ 10].

Therefore, every step in the diving process is interlocking, and once there is a slight mistake, it is possible to miss the medal. By the last Rio Olympic Games, the China diving dream team had won the most Olympic gold medals in the history of China with 40 gold medals, which could not be separated from the efforts and efforts of every athlete. I believe that in this Tokyo Olympic Games, China divers can defend the glory of their dream team again with perfect skills and strong mental state.

In addition to diving, the China Olympic Corps has won gold medals and silver medals in badminton, table tennis and weightlifting, maintaining a consistent leading level.

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[2] CCTV news. (20 15). How about diving? Why do you look at the splash?

[3] Xinhua News Agency. (20 1 1). Where is the former diving queen now?

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Du Huiying. (199 1). Comparison of four spray pressing technologies. Journal of chengdu sport university (02), 56-59+74.

[6] Beijing Morning Post. (20 16). There are seven important links in how to crush a spray into water.

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Liu Hui, Qu Feng,&; Liu. (2007). Analysis of take-off techniques of Chinese elite male springboard divers. China Sports Science and Technology (04),121-125+138.

[9] FINA。 (20 17).FINA diving rules 2017–2021.

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