Sports photography Wushu routine competition scheme

And its influence on modern China Wushu.

Shi Li xian Cai Lin Zhong

(School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062)

Wushu Science, Vol.2, 2005,No. 1 1

Abstract: The period of the Republic of China is a historical period of social unrest, and it is also a period in which various thoughts and phenomena are constantly emerging. During the Republic of China, Wushu has undergone profound changes in organizational form, function and activity mode. Wushu groups such as "China New Wushu", Jason Wu Sports Association and Central Wushu Museum have made important contributions to the development of modern China Wushu.

Key words: the influence of the Central Martial Arts School of the New China Wushu Jason Wu Games in the Republic of China.

China Library Classification Number: G85 Document Identification Number: A

Article number:1004-5643 (2005)11-03.

During the Republic of China, it lasted thirty-eight years. During this period, the warlord regime, political turmoil, government change, fierce confrontation of different ideological trends, sports disputes between China and foreign countries, and years of wars all affected the development of Wushu in China. However, martial arts in this period still showed a trend of development, and achieved certain results, which had an important impact on modern China martial arts.

1 the historical background of "China New Wushu" and its influence on modern China Wushu.

1. 1 the historical background of the formation of new China Wushu.

China's new martial arts is the product of the combination of Chinese and Western. 19 At the end of the 20th century, many people in China had already seen the futility of riding and shooting, so some people shouted "Please don't try with your bow and arrow and saber again", and some people called for "it is absolutely necessary to train troops with western learning today", and it became public opinion and fashion to follow the example of western training.

Sun Yat-sen sharply criticized the tendency of advocating pure "foreign sports" and the tendency of "Chinese people abandoning the martial arts of sports more than empty talk". In the historical trend of "strengthening Zhong Baoguo" and the ideological collision between foreign countries and military and sports, the revolutionary school represented by Sun Yat-sen not only opposed the nihilistic attitude towards its traditional culture, but also introduced western military gymnastics and established military schools, combining the martial spirit and martial arts content of the nation with military gymnastics training.

Under this historical background, some celebrities, educators, soldiers and martial artists also explore the development of China Wushu in the inevitable trend of making foreign things serve China. It is in this exploration that "China New Wushu" gradually formed. Its starting point is based on China's boxing and wrestling, referring to the soldier training method, and compiling a new martial arts coaching method.

19 1 1 year, when Ma Liang was in wei county, Shandong Province, he invited some martial arts masters to initiate the compilation of martial arts textbooks, and named this textbook "Newly Edited China Martial Arts".

19 14, when Ma Liang was the brigade commander of the 47th Brigade of the Army and the garrison commander of Jinan, he invited martial arts experts from various factions again to revise the new martial arts. It draws lessons from traditional martial arts movements, draws lessons from soldiers' gymnastics coaching methods, and adopts the method of combining Chinese and western, which is more creative than blindly learning the west. It has an indelible positive significance in the history of Wushu development.

1.2 Influence of New China Wushu on Modern China Wushu

The compilation of "New China Martial Arts" invited various martial arts masters, which broke the traditional view of martial arts and played an important role in the communication and dissemination of martial arts culture in the future.

One of the meanings of "New China Martial Arts" is that it was defined as "formal gymnastics" which was carried out in the whole country at that time. Since then, the concept of "gymnastics" in the west has been combined with the traditional martial arts in China. Due to the introduction of the concept of "gymnastics", the feudal hereditary relationship between master and apprentice was finally broken through by the mass-oriented group coaching method, and traditional Wushu entered school physical education in a relatively simple and unified way and became a means of cultivating talents.

The "newness" of "China New Martial Arts" is also reflected in the implementation of the teaching method of the textbook. It draws lessons from the password form of western military exercises and starts with simple and easy-to-learn basic actions. First, a single coach, and then a coherent group of coaches, including both single-person operation group coaches and double-person operation group coaches. Teaching is easy first, then difficult, step by step. This action-oriented basic skill, starting from basic teaching, then continuing teaching, from single action to complete teaching steps, and then to collective coach with password, is still a classic teaching method of Wushu in colleges and universities. Although the teaching contents of our current Wushu courses are different, the teaching methods such as collective coaching and password command still follow the creative achievements of that period.

"China New Martial Arts" not only had a far-reaching influence on modern China Wushu in terms of teaching methods, but more importantly, while introducing "soldier gymnastics", the promoters also recognized the sports forms of western gymnastics and accepted the competitive ideas of western sports. The "Chinese National Wushu Congress" held in Shanghai from 65438 to 0923 was an attempt to form a competition by using western gymnastics. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it is the continuation and development of this attempt to formulate the rules of Wushu routine competition by imitating the scoring method of gymnastics competition.

China's new martial arts is one of the pioneers' attempts to save the country. Although it cannot fundamentally change the face of semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, its fate is short and tragic. However, its contribution to Wushu is breakthrough. It successfully injected western gymnastics methods, physical education methods and competitive sports ideas into traditional Wushu, leaving a deep impression on modern China Wushu.

2. Wushu organization in the Republic of China and its influence on the development of Wushu in modern China.

2. 1 Wushu associations represented by Jason Wu Sports Association and their influence on the development of Wushu in modern China.

During the period from 19 12 to 1927, a large number of Wushu associations were established, which constituted a unique landscape of Wushu and even social development at this stage.

Jason Wu Sports Association is a non-governmental academic group, whose predecessor was "Jason Wu Gymnastics School" hosted by Huo Yuanjia. In view of the fact that the name and form of "School" limit the enrollment scope and the wide spread of Wushu, at the initiative of Huo Yuanjia students Chen Gongzhe and Yao Chanbo, it is agreed to change "Jason Wu Gymnastics School" into "Jason Wu Gymnastics Club". 19 16 members are increasing, and the word "gymnastics" is not perfect, so it was renamed as "Jason Wu Sports Association". It is not difficult to see from the process of the establishment of Jason Wu Sports Association that the organization was neither funded by the state or the government, nor was it established at the instigation of the party and government organizations. It was spontaneously organized by young businessmen who love martial arts, so it is a non-governmental organization.

Jason Wu Sports Association "aims to advocate martial arts, study sports and build strong citizens". Before 19 15, activities were limited to promoting martial arts. Starting from 19 15, the discipline was expanded, the form was improved, and military exercises, arts and entertainment were added. The activities organized by Jason Wu Sports Association mainly include: establishing clubs, writing martial arts books, filming, martial arts teaching, physical exercise and so on. In the New Culture Movement, Jason Wu Sports Association paid attention to the establishment of branches and began to develop to the whole country. It gradually developed to Southeast Asia in the 1920s. At the end of the 1920s, there were 42 branches at home and abroad with more than 400,000 members, which greatly promoted the development of Jason Wu and made unique and great contributions to the survival and development of Wushu under the new social conditions.

Jason Wu Sports Association pays attention to compiling martial arts books and periodicals. 192 1 year, the General Association founded Central Magazine (later renamed Jason Wu Magazine) to spread the spirit and culture of Jason Wu to the society. In addition, Jason Wu Sports Association has edited and published dozens of martial arts books and teaching materials, such as Biography of Jason Wu, Biography of Jason Wu, Tan Leg, Kung Fu Boxing, Dharma Sword, Cross War and Five Tiger Guns. Each branch also publishes monthly magazines and monographs. It has expanded the influence of Wushu and enhanced its cultural charm.

The Jason Wu Sports Association used movies, which was the most advanced communication tool at that time. Shooting martial arts movements for intuitive teaching has expanded the social influence of martial arts.

Jason Wu Sports Association has a Wushu Department, which is responsible for promoting Wushu. In order to train martial arts teachers, the Jason Wu Sports Association also established a physical education normal school in Shanghai, invited many famous martial arts teachers from all over the country to teach martial arts, broke the sectarian portal, abolished the private education of teachers and apprentices, and strived for the strength of a school, which trained a large number of martial arts talents for the society and greatly promoted the development of martial arts.

Jason Wu Sports Association also organized many recreational activities, combining dance, art and martial arts, which greatly improved the artistry and entertainment of martial arts and made contributions to the promotion of martial arts.

To sum up, Jason Wu Sports Association has made great contributions in expanding the social influence of Wushu, improving people's understanding of Wushu, excavating and sorting out the essence of traditional Wushu, expanding the entertainment and aesthetic functions of Wushu, increasing people's understanding of Wushu and arousing the spirit of Wushu in society.

2.2 Central Wushu Museum and its influence on the development of Wushu in modern China.

The establishment of the Central Martial Arts Museum was inseparable from Zhang Zhijiang, then a member of the National Government and the plenipotentiary of the Northwest Army in Nanjing. 1926, he and Li founded the Wushu Academy, which was later renamed Wushu Academy. 1in March, 927, Zhang Zhijiang won the support of some important Kuomintang officials, especially Li Liejun, acting chairman of the National Government, and wrote to the National Government for approval to establish the Central National Wushu Museum on the basis of the National Wushu Research Institute, which was directly guided by the government and funded by the Ministry of Finance. So the Central Martial Arts School is a government educational institution.

1929 The first article of the Organizational Outline of the Central National Martial Arts Museum stipulates: "The Central National Martial Arts Museum aims at promoting Chinese martial arts and improving the health level of the whole people." The main activities organized by the Central National Martial Arts Museum around the above purposes include: national martial arts examination, martial arts teaching, editing and publishing monographs and publications, visiting and exchanging skills abroad, and martial arts performances.

The Central Wushu Museum held two national Wushu examinations in 1928 and 1933 respectively. Although there are still many problems in these two exams, they have attracted the attention of the society, increased the concern of the society for Wushu, and formulated and implemented the competition rules of Wushu boxing and boxing, which played a positive role in popularizing Wushu, promoting the sports and standardization of Wushu, and promoting the development of competitive Wushu to a certain extent.

The Central Wushu Museum has classes for professors, teachers, practitioners, teenagers and teenagers. Based on the teaching principle of "extensive study and extensive communication", Wushu technical courses are widely offered, and a group of Wushu talents with comprehensive skills are trained. Some took to the anti-Japanese front and became heroes to kill the enemy; Some have become the backbone of China's socialist revolution and construction; Some have made great achievements in their majors and become experts, professors and educators in Wushu technology and theoretical research. Such as Wen Jingming, Zheng Huaixian, He, Li, Kang, Zhang Dengkui, Wan Laisheng, Fu, Qi, etc.

After the establishment of the Central Wushu Museum, as of 1934, 22 kinds of Wushu works, including Lian Bu Boxing, Bajiquan Boxing and Star Quan Yi Summary, have been compiled 12. At that time, there were 1 1 kinds of books being edited, such as Taiji Zhuan, Illustrated Eight Diagrams, Internal Work Right Way and so on. These books and periodicals have strengthened the communication between local Wushu organizations and learners, and left extremely valuable wealth for the inheritance and development of China Wushu.

The Central Wushu Museum pays attention to overseas communication and promotion, and has made great contributions to the popularization and promotion of Wushu to the world. 1936 65438+ 10, the Central Wushu Museum and the National Institute of Physical Education formed the "Nanyang Tour Group", with Pang Yusen as the leader, Yang Songshan as the captain of the Wushu Team, and nine members including He Wei, Wen Jingming, and Kang. The troupe has performed 65 martial arts performances in Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Jinbao, Ipoh, Penang and Manila. Wherever Nanyang Tour Group went, it was warmly welcomed by overseas Chinese from all walks of life, and its performances were widely praised and praised by local people, which promoted the establishment of martial arts venues, martial arts clubs and martial arts schools in Southeast Asia. 1936 September, at the 1 1 Olympic Games held in Berlin, Germany, the China Wushu Performance Troupe caused a sensation in Germany with its superb skills and superb performances. Dr Li Dehua, president of this Olympic Games, said, "I didn't expect China's martial arts to be so superb. It's really amazing. " The German government also instructed the Olympic photography team to shoot videos for Wen Jingming, Zheng Huaixian, Fu and others. In influential newspapers such as Deutsche Bahn and Hamburg, he also commented on China's superb martial arts skills, which are artistic, dancing and exquisite, which is incredible. The performance of the National Wushu Team showed the elegance of China Wushu to the world sports world and expanded the international influence of China Wushu.

To sum up, the Central Wushu Museum system has played a very positive role in promoting the sports, standardization and modernization of Wushu. It is widely used in martial arts training and competition in the army and schools, which greatly improves the competitive and military functions of martial arts. Through the performance, the Central Wushu Museum made the world know about China Wushu and made important contributions to the international spread of Wushu culture.

3 Conclusion

During the period of the Republic of China, in the process of cultural exchange and integration between China and the West, great changes have taken place in Wushu from form to content, from theory to practice, and its functions, which made Wushu develop unprecedentedly and had an important impact on the development of Wushu in modern China.

New China Wushu has successfully injected western gymnastics methods, physical education methods and competitive sports ideas into traditional Wushu, leaving a deep impression on modern China Wushu.

Jason Wu Sports Association and Central Wushu Museum, two Wushu organizations, complement each other and converge into a multi-functional development trend of folk Wushu, which enriches and develops the social function of Wushu and makes China Wushu develop greatly.

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About the author:

1. Shi (198 1 ~), female, studying for a master's degree in the School of Physical Education of Hubei University. Research direction: Wushu teaching and training.

2. Cai (1953 I), male, professor, tutor of master students. Main research direction: Wushu teaching and training.