Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - Knowledge of mirage ...

Knowledge of mirage ...

castles in the air

In a calm sea, lake or desert, sometimes the mirage of pavilions, castles and other things will suddenly stand in front of us, illusory and unpredictable, just like a fairyland. This is a mirage for short.

Mirages can be seen not only in the sea and desert, but also occasionally on asphalt roads. There are many kinds of mirage, which can be divided into Shanghai mirage, Xiahai mirage and seaside mirage according to their position relative to the original objects. According to its symmetrical relationship with the original object, it can be divided into positive, lateral, positive and negative; According to the color, it can be divided into colored mirage and colorless mirage.

Mirages have two characteristics: first, they appear repeatedly in the same place, for example, mirages often appear over Alaska in the United States; Second, there is a certain time. For example, the mirage in Penglai, China often appears in May and June every year, the mirage near Zimlensk, Russia often appears in spring, and the mirage in Alaska, USA generally appears within 20 days after June 20th.

Mirages have been concerned by the world since ancient times. In western mythology, a mirage is depicted as the incarnation of the devil, a harbinger of death and misfortune. In ancient China, a mirage was regarded as a fairyland. Qin Shihuang, Emperor Wudi and others led people to Penglai to seek immortality, and also sent people to Penglai for a panacea many times. Modern science has correctly explained most mirage, which is considered as a virtual image formed by the refraction of light reflected by objects on the earth through the atmosphere. The so-called mirage is an optical illusion.

Mirages are closely related to the geographical location, geophysical conditions and meteorological characteristics of those places at a specific time. The abnormal distribution of temperature is the meteorological condition for the formation of most mirage.

Let's write down the structure of the bullet. In summer, when the sun burns in the desert, the sand is burnt. Because of the small specific heat of sand, the temperature of low-level air near sand rises rapidly, while the temperature of high-level air is still very low, thus forming an abnormal distribution of temperature. Due to thermal expansion and contraction, the density of hot air in the lower layer near the sand is small, and the density of cold air in the upper layer is large, so that the refractive index of air is small and the air in the upper layer is large. When the light reflected by a distant higher object enters the sparse air in the lower layer from the dense air in the upper layer, it is constantly refracted, and its incident angle gradually increases, which is equal to the critical angle, and total reflection occurs. At this time, if people look against the reflected light, they will see the cockroaches below.

Because of the dark color of asphalt pavement, it has strong absorption ability in the hot summer sun, and it will also form the distribution characteristics of cold and dense upper air and hot and dense lower air, so it will also form underflow.

References:

/edu/kxdt/wlly/KH 02240 1 . htm

In calm seas, rivers, lakes, snowfields, deserts or Gobi, occasionally towering towers, city walls and trees appear in the air or "underground", which is called a mirage. This illusion often appears on the sea surface of Penglai, China. The ancients attributed it to the dragon, exhaling and forming the tower wall, hence the name. Mirage is the result of light refraction in vertical gas layers with different densities. It is often divided into upward, downward and sideways mirage.

Let's do an experiment: take a cup, pour half a glass of water, put it in the sun, and then insert a chopstick into the cup. This is when you see that the chopsticks in the water are broken from those on the water. This is caused by light refraction; When light propagates in air with the same density, the speed of light is constant and always goes straight; However, when light obliquely enters water from the air, the density of water changes, the speed of light changes, and the direction of progress twists and turns.

A mirage in the desert is the refraction of sunlight when it meets air with different densities. In the desert, the sand is baked by the sun during the day, and the temperature on the surface of the sand layer rises rapidly.

Due to the poor heat transfer performance of air, when there is no wind, the vertical temperature difference over the desert is very significant, with high air density in the upper layer and low air density in the lower layer. When sunlight enters the low-density air layer from the high-density air layer, the speed of light changes, and after the refraction of light, the oasis in the distance appears in front of people.

On the sea or river, this kind of "mirage" phenomenon happens from time to time.

A mirage is an optical illusion, a virtual image formed by the refraction of light reflected by objects on the earth through the atmosphere. Phantom is a mirage for short. According to the principle of physics, a mirage is because different air layers have different densities, and the refractive index of light in air with different densities is different. That is, because the density between warm air on the sea surface and cold air in the high air is different, it refracts light. Mirages are closely related to the geographical location, geophysical conditions and meteorological characteristics of those places at a specific time. The abnormal distribution of temperature is the meteorological condition for the formation of most mirage. Historical Records "Historical Records?" Collection of Zen Books: "Self-prestige, publicity and Zhao Yan sent people to the sea to seek Penglai, the abbot and Yingzhou. These three sacred mountains are scattered in the vast sea, not far from people. If they suffer, they will be taken away by the wind Those who cover the taste are the best, the fairy medicine is in the clouds, the animals are all white, and the gold and silver are the palaces. If you don't reach it, it will be like a cloud; As far as I know, Sanshen Mountain lives underwater; When you are near, the wind will lead you, and you will never get there. "

In Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo wrote in "Talk about Meng Xi": "When you are in the sea, there are clouds, such as palaces, terraces, city walls, figures, chariots and horses, and crowns, which are vivid in your mind, so it is called" Haicheng ". Or "jiaozi Qi Fei", I doubt it. Ouyang Wenzhong once sent messengers to Heshuo, crossing Gaotang County, and ghosts and gods passed through the air in the middle of the night. The sounds of horses, cars, people and animals can be distinguished one by one, which is very detailed. This is disorganization. I asked my elders, and the cloud said,' Twenty years ago, I tried the county in Japan, and I saw people vivid.' The locals are also called "Haicheng", which is similar to what they saw in Dengzhou. "

Lin Jingxi, a adherent of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote The Story of a Mirage, with a full text of 100 words, which is the best prose to describe a mirage.

Lu Rong's Garden Miscellaneous Notes in the Ming Dynasty: "The theory of evil towers lies in official books. Or take the stork as a big clam, and make the so-called pheasant into the sea as a stork every month. Or thought it was a snake. There are many such things in the sea. However, there is no balcony by the sea. However, I went to Guangzhou and Shanghai to preach, suspecting that it was caused by suffocation. The preface of Su Chang's Poems on the High Seas says that he tasted it in spring and summer and will never see it again at the end of the year. He's praying in temple of poseidon. See you tomorrow. If you think you can pray, it's not suffocating. "

Yang Guang Miscellaneous Notes by Liu Xianting in the Qing Dynasty: "Laiyang East Qiao Yun: Boasting in Haicheng, not only in the shape of a magic tower, but also with more than 100 warships a day, the situation is solemn and the drums are loud. After a while, dehydrate. Another cloud, in the third year of Chongzhen, Joe went to Dengzhou, the magistrate tried fish, and the officials reported to Haicheng. Cover its customs, when you meet Haicheng, you must beat the drums and report to the official. Xiao Ling took a look at the guys and saw the mountains and holes of the foreign minister in the north gate, like the city gate. Water came out of it and boiled over a hectare, splitting the mountain in two. From morning till noon, I recovered. There are clouds, those involved in the sea are clouds, and those who look at the shore from the sea, as seen on the shore. " Pu Songling Mountain City: Volume 14 of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is also a mirage.

The formation of a mirage

Mirages often appear in coastal areas and occasionally can be seen in the desert. People can see houses, people, mountains, forests and other scenery, which can be moved and lifelike. Some people think it is a fairyland on earth. Now people say that a mirage is the result of atmospheric refraction, which refracts distant scenery to the nearby. Mirages often occur after rain, when the air humidity is high and it is easy to form a lens system. When the temperature near the ground changes sharply, it will cause a huge difference in atmospheric density, and the distant scenery will undergo abnormal refraction and total reflection when the light propagates, thus causing a mirage.

Penglai County, Shandong Province, China often sees the illusion of miaodao islands in the Bohai Sea, which is called a "mirage".

Mirage is the result that the temperature near the surface layer changes greatly, the air density changes strongly with the height, and the light is refracted to the observer's eyes in the vertical gas layer with different densities. It is often divided into upward, downward and sideways mirage.

In fact, what astronauts see in space travel is an enlarged view of the earth, which is sometimes called a mirage!

song

Singer: Jolin Tsai Album: Phantom.

Who is calling my distant song?

Who is waiting for my fireworks in a different place?

Who said I was another me?

Who is holding my unknown hand

Yellow sand and sea breeze wrinkle at the end of heaven and earth tilt.

A thousand years is just a set of slow motion. We are destined to meet at this time.

Have a drink with you. Soldiers also need gentleness.

Missing is a dagger that cuts the scroll of time against your throat.

When all the heroes retreat, we can only fight for ourselves.

Do you have any reason to hold on to me?

Promise me this will be more permanent than permanent.

Don't say that love is a mirage, it's just fiction.

Loving you is the most beautiful wound and my achievement.

all of me/all that I have/the whole of mine

Wan Li sand dunes are impenetrable.

At the end of the universe, that moment is longer than a thousand years.

We are destined to meet at this time.

Have a drink with you. Soldiers also need gentleness.

Missing is putting a dagger to your throat.

Do you have any reason to hold on to me?

Promise me this will be more permanent than permanent.

Don't say that love is a mirage, it's just fiction.

Loving you is the most beautiful wound and my achievement.

all of me/all that I have/the whole of mine

Who is calling my distant song?

Who called me a mysterious song?

Who is waiting for my fireworks in a different place?

Who said I was another me?

Who is holding my unknown hand

Who is calling my distant song?

Who is waiting for my fireworks in a different place?

Song dynasty: a mirage

Singer: Wu Bai

Draw raindrops on the wall.

The sand in the wind loves each other very much.

All the trees in the oasis are on fire.

My eyes can't see me.

Help me. Speak softly.

I am not in a mirage.

The immediate panic is life.

I heard you right.

Erase me with words

Floating back to my land.

Help me. Speak softly.

I am not in a mirage.

The immediate chaos is life.

Don't talk nonsense

Erase me with words

Float back to my land.

Help me. Speak softly.

I am not in a mirage.

The immediate panic is life.

You heard me right. Don't talk nonsense

Help me! Help me!

Song dynasty: a mirage

Singer: Panther

There is green in the vast desert.

When you get close to it, you disappear without a trace.

The endless desert has returned to its former colors.

Looking forward to this place.

Pious eyes tell wishes.

What I hear is the roaring sand laughing.

Do you exist (do you exist)

Why can't you hear what I'm telling you (don't make me wait)

Looking forward to your arrival in the dust (do you exist)

Why can't you see me wandering in the wind?

How can I feel your love?

Yes, yes, yes, yes.

All the waiting fantasies

Like a mirage.

Although it can be seen, it does not exist.

Don't pin your fantasy on waiting.

To discover your real future.

film

Director: Xu Xiaoming

Plot: Daat Choh Chui, Xu Xiaoming and Huabiao Zhang.

Main actors: Yu Rongguang, Xu Xiaoming, Pasha Umer, Guli Han Jia, Fan Dongyu.

Last movie: 1986

Location: Chinese mainland.

Color: color

Type: feature film

The Story of a Mirage (1986)

In the 1930s, the Xinjiang border with undulating peaks stood for dozens of miles on the earth. Tang Tingxuan, a young photographer, traveled with the caravan in this endless desert. When people stopped to have a rest, they saw a tall building in front of them in an instant, and a beautiful young girl came slowly towards them on a good horse. Tang Tingxuan hurriedly took this scene into the camera. In an instant, there was no scene, and everything remained the same. When Tang Tingxuan got home, he couldn't forget the wonders he met and wanted to go to the desert again to find the girl. In order to find out the clues, Tang Tingxuan and Mao Dewei took photos to a restaurant, asked their uncles to identify them, and asked Ainu people to be guides. At this time, several hooligans came forward to flirt with Ainu people and were knocked to the ground by Tang and Mao. Mao Dewei used his quick wits to rescue Ainu people. The Ainu told his father, the village chief, that he had been rescued. The village chief was very moved and hosted a banquet for Tang and Mao. Before the sheep-snatching competition, the village chief made it clear that whoever can win the sheep-snatching competition first and reach the designated place will be given a white horse to "chase the wind", and Xu, an Ainu, is his wife. Tang Tingxuan raced with a motorcycle, snatched the sheep from the cavalry like lightning and arrived at the designated place. Just as people cheered for his victory, Bater, the leader of the Belarusian gang, led bandits to rush in and attempted to rob the cavalry. The caravan alliance fought back, and Tang and Mao made extraordinary moves, and all the bandits fled. After the fight, Tang Tingxuan pretended not to know the Ainu people's love for him and insisted on finding the girl of her dreams. Mao Dewei also secretly loved Ainu people, but he didn't have the courage to tell her. It turned out that Tang Tingxuan would rather miss Ainu by mistake than bring Mao Dewei pain. Mao Dewei suddenly realized. Tang Tingxuan was ambushed by bandits on his way to find the girl. The gangsters asked Tang to duel with their leader, and Tang Tingxuan was forced to duel. An evil masked man stood there with a knife, and Tang Tingxuan lifted the veil to reveal the true face of the gangster. The gangster Gazalo Eva looks exactly like the girl who appeared in a mirage. Tang Tingxuan got carried away and was caught. Mao Dewei found the bandits' den and rescued Tang Tingxuan. Who knows, the gangster Gazarova caught up on a dark horse, and Tang Tingxuan fought fiercely with her. Exhausted Tang Tingxuan was splashed on her face by Gaza Lova with yellow sand, and she couldn't open her eyes. They were killed in a fierce battle. Tang Tingxuan was finally exhausted, fell from the mountain and was arrested again. Gazarova asked Tang Tingxuan to accompany her. After being ridiculed by Tang, he became angry from embarrassment and fought again. The village chief led the caravan to fight bravely. Mao Dewei was in trouble and knew it was difficult to get out. He resolutely spilled gasoline all over his body and burned it with the gasoline depot. ...

classical Chinese

castles in the air

Shen Kuo

Being in the sea of Zhangzhou, the clouds are lingering, and palaces, terraces, city walls, figures, chariots and horses, and crowns are vivid, so it is called Haicheng. Or: "jiaozi flies did it together", but I doubt it. Ouyang Wenzhong once sent messengers to Heshuo, crossing Gaotang County, and ghosts and gods passed through the air in the middle of the night. The sounds of horses, cars, people and animals can be distinguished one by one, which is very detailed. This is disorganization. I would like to ask Mr. Yun: Twenty years ago, I tried to cross the county seat by day, and I also saw people vividly. The local people are also called Haicheng, which is similar to what they saw in Dengzhou.

translate

In the sea of Dengzhou, there are sometimes clouds, and palaces, pavilions, city walls, figures, chariots and horses, roofs, etc. are clearly visible, so it is called "Haicheng". Some people say: "(This is) formed by the dragon exhaling." I doubt whether this is the case. Ouyang Wenzhong once went to Heshuo to preach and passed Gaotang County. In the house of the posthouse, he heard ghosts and gods falling from the sky at night, and the voices of horses, cars and people could be distinguished one by one. What he said is very detailed, so I won't extract it in detail here. Asked the local old man, he said, "Twenty years ago, I passed this county town during the day and saw people and things clearly." Locals also call it a "sea city". It's roughly the same as what I saw in Dengzhou.

mountain city

Pu Songling

The mountain around the city, one of the eight scenic spots, has not been seen for several years. Yu Nian, the grandson, was drinking with his colleagues upstairs. Suddenly, he saw a lonely tower standing high in the sky on the top of the mountain. He looked at each other in surprise, but there was no such monastery in his mind. Nothing. I didn't know it was a mountain city until I saw dozens of palaces and blue tiles flying. A few days later, the high wall was towering for six or seven miles, which was really a battleground for military strategists. Hundreds of millions of people own a building, a hall and a square. Suddenly, the wind is blowing, the dust is boundless, and the city is just blurred. As soon as the wind clears up, everything is gone, leaving only a dangerous building and going directly to lonely people. There are five buildings with wide windows; There is a queue at five o'clock, also outside the building.

Layer by layer index, the higher the building, the less bright it is. Count to the eighth floor and cut it like a star. On top of it, it is hazy and there are countless levels. And the people upstairs come and go, or rely on or rely on, not the same. Over time, the building is getting lower and lower, revealing the top; Gradually return to normal buildings; Gradually fell in love with tall houses; Suddenly, like a fist, like a bean, out of sight.

I also heard that there were early walkers who saw the crowded shops on the mountain, which was unparalleled in the world, so it was also called the "ghost market" cloud.

translate

The "mountain city" around the mountain is one of the eight scenic spots in Zichuan County, but it often does not appear once every few years. One day, Sun and his friends were drinking upstairs. Suddenly, he saw a lonely pagoda on the top of the mountain, towering into the sky. Look at me, I look at you, surprised and confused, thinking that there is no Buddhist temple near here. Not long after, I saw dozens of palaces with high roofs with blue tiles, only to know that they were originally "mountain cities". Not long after, the high city wall (appeared again) and the short concave-convex wall (at the top) stretched for six or seven miles, which turned out to be a city. There are pavilions (buildings), halls (buildings) and neighborhoods (buildings) in the city, all of which are clearly presented in front of us. Suddenly there was a strong wind, and the flying dust was boundless, and the scene of the whole city became blurred. After a while, the wind stopped and the sky was unfathomable. All the previous scenes have disappeared, leaving only tall buildings, which are in direct contact with the sky and Tianhe. There are five rooms (each floor) with windows open, and five bright places are the sky outside the building.

Point to the number layer by layer, the higher the room, the smaller the bright spot; Counting to the eighth floor, the bright spot is only as small as a star; Further up, it becomes dim, as if there is nothing, and its level cannot be seen clearly. People come and go upstairs, each doing his own thing, some leaning against (the railing) and some standing with different postures. After a while, the building became lower and the roof could be seen. Gradually, it becomes the same as ordinary buildings; Gradually, it became a high bungalow; Suddenly, it shrunk to the size of a fist, then to the size of a bean, and finally disappeared completely. It is said that people who get up early and hurry on the mountain see other people's houses, markets and shops, which is no different from the situation on earth, so people call it "ghost market".