Notes on hand-drawn sketches of architectural design

Hand-painted self-study course of architectural design

Wei Wu

52 ideas

order

& gt& gt In my years of hand-drawing education, I have met too many senior designers who have worked for many years to make up for hand-drawing skills.

& gt& gt Architectural design is both technology and art. In order to be an excellent architect, the cultivation of technology and art is essential, but in the end, the author thinks that art is far more important than technology. Only by constantly strengthening one's own artistic cultivation can one make a truly touching design.

Chapter 1 Overview

& gt& gt pen drawing is also called "hard painting". Pen drawing tools are simple, the picture is clear, the rhythm is bright, and the contrast is strong, which is incomparable to other paintings.

Through long-term practice and accumulation, painters of past dynasties have created a number of treasures handed down from generation to generation, such as Professor Dupuy's Anatomy Class by Dutch painter Rembrandt, Night Police, Shakespeare, The Man with the Golden Helmet, Revelation by German painter Albrecht Dürer, The Great Disaster of Christ, Little Suffering, Men's Bathroom, etc.

& gt& gt At present, in the international market, the general price of the pen-and-ink paintings of quartzite works is 6,000 ~ 8,000 euros (40,000 ~ 50,000 yuan), the domestic good pen-and-ink paintings of quartzite works are 30,000 ~ 40,000 yuan, and the octave works are 8,000 yuan.

1.2 The importance of pen sketch

& gt& gt Art originates from life and is higher than life at the same time. As an ambitious designer, if you want to have a good creative design, you must strive to improve your keen observation ability of life.

& gt& gt Let yourself be deeply involved in life. Usually carry a sketch book with you, and record your favorite things with a brush in time, so that when you really do design, there will be a steady stream of inspiration.

& gt& gt In pen sketch, the author often uses the advantages of simple and convenient lines to refine or even abandon complex light and shadow changes and capture the general characteristics of things quickly and accurately.

& gt& gt sketch can cultivate designers' modeling ability and observation ability.

& gt& gt Sketch tests the author's spirituality and talent.

& gt& gt pen drawing is an important auxiliary way for designers to create. It is helpful to improve the designer's keen insight and feeling ability of things in an instant, and it is an important means for designers to record fleeting inspiration. Sometimes a few simple strokes can vividly record the materials that designers like.

& gt& gt sketch requires designers to think about the selection and re-creation of pictures from the beginning.

The creative process of>& gt sketch can promote the development of design ideas.

& gt& gt sketch has incomparable advantages in recording data. Designers will form an instinct in their minds by sketching records, and they can record them selectively, keep what they need and discard the rest. In the process of creation, inspiration is fleeting like a meteor, but the inspiration camera in my mind cannot record it. When drawing inspiration, the picture comes from inspiration and is detached from inspiration, which is the expansion of ideas and the uncertainty of sketch.

& gt& gt pen drawing is divided into realistic pen drawing, color pen drawing, pen drawing, design pen drawing, pen drawing and so on. Pen painting is still in the development stage in China.

Line 2.2

& gt& gt The tight line is also the express line mentioned above. The characteristics of tight lines are: crisp and neat, confident and decisive, and a large number of tight lines will make the sketch of the picture more interesting.

& gt& gt loose thread is generally slow, stretched and full of lines, which often gives people a sense of rigor and composure. Loose lines are more accurate than tight lines, and at the same time, they are more free and dynamic, but the taste of sketches will be weakened a lot.

& gt& gt The correct way is to leave a little space at the end of the original line to recreate the second half of the line after the stroke, which is technically called "incomplete shape".

2.3 perspective

In the practical application of hand-drawing, three-point perspective method is generally used to draw a bird's eye view or a bottom view of super high-rise buildings.

& gt& gt[ illustration]

Scattered perspective, also called moving point perspective, is one of the techniques of traditional oriental painting.

There are many "points" in scatter perspective. For example, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is usually opened and rolled up at the same time when watching the China scroll, so it is necessary to see the picture with independent visual focus at all times. For western classical oil painting, if a part of the painting is covered, the audience will feel that the composition is incomplete.

> > Moving the viewpoint, breaking the boundary of a field of view, and organizing the scene naturally and organically into a picture by the combination of panoramic view and multi-field of view is a kind of restored perspective method.

The technique principle of>& gt scattered perspective is taken from China's traditional Chinese painting, which can also be said to be a subjective and relatively unscientific painting method before perspective was invented by China ancients, but it is this painting method that has created quite brilliant achievements in the history of China painting.

& gt& gt2.3.6 air perspective air perspective refers to the phenomenon that people can see that the nearby scenery is thicker, more colorful and clearer than the distant scenery due to the influence of the atmosphere and air medium. Air perspective is also called adjustable perspective, adjustable perspective and adjustable perspective.

& gt& gt( 1) Near objects are dark and deep, while far objects are light and shallow. (2) Nearby objects are saturated in color and tend to be warm and bright, while distant objects are poor in color saturation and tend to be cool. (3) It is clear near and fuzzy in the distance. (4) The contrast between light and shade is large near and small in the distance. To sum up, it is: near reality is far from virtual.

& gt& gt[ illustration]

Application of air perspective in practice

2.4 Shadow

The projection length of>& gt is generally about half the height of the building itself, and then it is increased or decreased according to the actual situation.

& gt1.It is generally believed that the direction of the light source is that the light will come down from the left or right side in front of the facade at an oblique angle of 45.

& gt& gt[ illustration]

The>& gt light shines at a 45-degree angle from the left.

& gt& gt[ illustration]

The>& gt light shines from the right at an angle of 45 degrees.

& gt& gt The depiction methods of perspective shadows are ever-changing, follow common sense, and sometimes break and violate common sense.

The only unchanging rule of>& gt is that all processing is to serve the beauty of the picture. Sometimes playing cards according to common sense will make the picture dull and cramped, and what is reasonable is not necessarily beautiful. At this time, you need to break away from convention and respond boldly.

2.5 light and shadow

& gt& gt[ illustration]

& gt& gt Analysis 3: The darkest part of the landscape should not exceed the dark part of the building, so as to highlight the building.

& gt& gt[ illustration]

& gt& gt The foreground pavement is treated with the concept of maximization, and the lateral buffeting slightly emphasizes adjustment.

2.7 the transition of light perception

> > 2.7 Transition of light perception When sunlight shines on a building, due to the influence of air perspective, the closer the light receiving surface is to the viewpoint, the brighter it is, and the farther it is from the viewpoint, the grayer it is. The closer the backlight is to the viewpoint, the darker it is, and the farther it is from the viewpoint, the grayer it is. [Illustration] Transition diagram

& gt& gt[ illustration]

The actual effect of removing the shadow halo of arch.

2.9 composition

In various plastic arts, composition has different names, such as composition in painting, composition in design, French style and layout in architectural design, and framing in photography.

& gt& gt composition includes the following aspects. (1) The determination of artistic image in space. (2) The determination of artistic image in space. (3) The combination relationship between each part of the artistic image itself, the main image and the accompanying image. (4) The combination and separation form of artistic image and space. (5) The visual impact and sense of strength produced by artistic images. (6) Apply the law of formal beauty and the aesthetic feeling.

& gt& gt Composition shows the consistency of the internal structure and external structure of a work, reflects the process of the author's thoughts, feelings and artistic expression, directly reflects the author's personality strength and artistic level, and often lies in the ideological and formal beauty of a work of art, so composition ability plays a very important role in artistic creation and appreciation.

& gt& gt Considering the scope, the selected scenery can be divided into panoramic view, middle view and close-up.

& gt& gt Panorama is to show the whole scene. Panoramic framing can show the whole scene from a macro perspective, which is suitable for showing a certain atmosphere and momentum in the scene.

& gt& gt Close-ups mainly reflect parts and details.

& gt& gt Mid shot is a picture form between panorama and close-up. The middle shot not only has some atmospheric features of the panorama, but also has some beauty of details in the close-up. It is suitable for expressing plots and conveying feelings, so it is also the most used framing method in the picture.

> >1.Horizontal composition

Horizontal composition is mostly used to deal with the horizontal picture of architectural modeling, which can show broad, open and majestic momentum.

Example 1

[illustration]

Real photos

Analysis: Observing the real scene carefully, it is found that the picture itself is a very authentic horizontal composition, and there are obvious vertical lines in the foreground plants, which breaks the constant horizontal composition of the picture and slightly changes the vision in the lines.

& gt& gt subjectively refine the dense houses in the picture, and finally turn into an "S"-shaped long snake, stretching out into the distance. It is not difficult for the audience to find that the spatial tension of S-shaped composition is very large, and if you choose everything, it will destroy the whole artistic conception.

5. "X" combination

X-shaped composition has a strong centripetal sense, and the scenery in this type of composition has the characteristics of gradually enlarging from the center to the periphery, which is conducive to guiding people's sight to move from the periphery to the center. In a word, X-shaped composition has the characteristics of highlighting key points.

Example 1

The most common "X" composition is used to deal with street scenes and driveways.