Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - Why is the housing price in Enshi Lichuan so high?
Why is the housing price in Enshi Lichuan so high?
suggestion
After seeing a girl, young Tujia men in Enshi asked the matchmaker to propose to her. When proposing marriage, the matchmaker should not only bring gifts, but also bring umbrellas whether it is windy or rainy or sunny, indicating that the matchmaker is willing to be beautiful. If the bride's family accepts the bride price, there is an 80% chance of getting married. After that, the matchmaker has to go back and forth three times before the bride can agree to this marriage to show her cautious attitude towards this marriage. If the bride's family doesn't accept the gift, it means that she refuses to propose, and no matter how hard the matchmaker tries, it is useless. The woman agreed to the man's marriage, and after the two sides agreed on the bride price, they were engaged on an auspicious day. When engaged, the man should prepare wine, meat, clothes, Baba and so on. Give it to the woman's house as a gift. The woman's family hosted a banquet to entertain the man's visitors and matchmakers, and gave her daughter's "eight characters" to the man, indicating that the two families were officially married.
Kanmen
Passing the door is an important step for Tujia men and women to enter marriage. It is the first time that the prospective uncle went to the woman's house accompanied by the matchmaker. The woman asked someone to help her "blind date", and everyone provided advice for the woman's house for reference. After discussion, if you agree to get married, the matchmaker will ask him the date of his visit. After getting the date, the man will go home and prepare to go through the door. The day before the door, the prospective uncle, accompanied by the matchmaker, went to the woman's house and took her home to the man's house. On the other hand, the man invited relatives and friends to accompany him at home on this day, and let the water mat sit until late at night. After dinner, the prospective uncle would burn incense to tell his ancestors. After breakfast the next day, they "made a incense table" and invited the woman's family to sit down in front of the incense table. After sitting down, the man's relatives come to recognize their relatives one by one and give the woman a certain gift, usually 100 yuan. The girl to be married will recognize all relatives with her prospective uncle, which is called a change of heart. In addition, the man's family also has to give the woman a certain amount of bride price money, which is called dowry money. When it's all over, fire a gun to send the woman home, which is the basic content of the door. After entering the door, both men and women seem to be a family.
be engaged in
Married pig's leg is a signal to hand over the wedding date skillfully. During the engagement of Tujia young men and women, girls usually look at the back of their lovers carefully and see the information conveyed by the pig legs inside. Very particular. If the pig legs are naked, it means that their wedding date has not been decided by the man; If there is a blowhole near the hoof (Tujia kills the pig, cut a small mouth on the pig's hind foot with a sharp knife to blow off the hair), suggesting that the man is here to urge (blow) the pro and ask the woman to get married; If there is a pig's tail on the pig's leg, it means that the agriculture is almost busy this year, and the marriage is over after the bumper harvest; If the woman's family doesn't have time to get married or can't bear to leave her daughter for a while, cut off the tail on the pig's leg and put it in a gift, and the man will understand when he sees it.
Crying marriage
Tujia people used to have the custom of crying marriage. At that time, Tujia people regarded whether they could cry as a sign to measure women's intelligence and virtue. So girls attach great importance to crying marriage. With the growth of age, the awakening and maturity of youth, the depression and resentment in my heart accumulate more and more. When I get married, tears will pour out like a river that has burst its banks. In different regions, the content of crying marriage also has its own characteristics, which generally includes "women crying for their mothers", "mothers crying for their daughters", "sisters crying for their sisters" and "scolding matchmakers". Depending on the family's economic situation, the time for crying marriage is usually seven to twenty days, and some can be as long as one month. When crying, people express their sadness by singing softly. Later, the closer he got to the divorce, the sadder his words became, and his voice became sadder and sadder. His mouth became dry with tears, his throat was hoarse, and his eyes were red and swollen, like crazy. Now the times are changing, young people yearn for freedom and happiness, and marriage and love are all their own decisions. Tujia girls don't have to follow the old marriage customs when they get married. Although some remote shanzhai still retain this custom, they are not willing to cry and marry. Even if I cry, I often cry three times and five times. The singer was so funny that the bride couldn't help laughing. This is also a kind of "crying". After oral creation by generations of women, it is constantly enriched and processed, and some contents are gradually finalized, forming a lyric poem with a long poem structure. The artistic conception is sad, the language is concise and full of strong local flavor. It often skillfully uses rhetorical devices such as metaphor, pun, personification, repetition, parody, contrast, exaggeration and so on, which has strong humanity and literariness.
banquet
Most Tujia people in Enshi hold happy events in weddings, funerals and weddings, and the host family will arrange dozens of banquets to warmly entertain relatives, friends or neighbors from afar. How many tables are arranged for the wedding banquet is predicted in advance by the host family. Generally, there are as few as twenty or thirty tables and as many as seventy or eighty tables. This depends on the number of customers and the number of gifts received to judge the boss's friendship and behavioral ability. Happy events are generally divided into two categories: red and white. Marriage, becoming a monk, soup cake, housewarming, birthday, further education, etc. They are all called Hongxi; An old man who died was called Bai. The specifications and rules of weddings and funerals are different, each with its own way and rules, and there are many things that can't be said for a few days and nights. Let's talk about the customs and habits of Enshi Tujia people from the point of wedding.
prepare
Three or four days before the wedding, the man's host family began to be busy, planning how many tables to arrange, how many tables to borrow, how many pigs to kill (including the wedding and gifts for the woman's family (ham, trotters or pork), how many dishes to cook (usually even with a soup), how many people to ask for help, and so on. Then the host borrows tables and stools and the west borrows bowls and chopsticks. This family borrowed Zan, and that family borrowed a tea tray. It was very busy. The bride's house is no exception. They are busy buying dowry, electrical appliances and daily necessities, and informing relatives and friends. There is a big difference between men's and women's banquets. The woman is at noon the first day and the man is at noon the next day.
Deacon list
On the first day of the wedding, people from all walks of life gathered in the host's house from all directions early in the morning. Everyone in too many chefs does this and he does that. After breakfast, they began to work. At the beginning of the kitchen, there is a kitchen board (for cutting, placing and washing vegetables). In some places, if there are big rules, there are red envelopes. The amount of red envelopes depends on the generosity of the host family. Seal four pieces, meaning to make a fortune in four seasons; Seal six pieces, that is, six or six Dashun; Twelve seals indicate that the moon is red; A $24 stamp means you can double your wealth every month. Then cut fish, roast pig's trotters, wash meat and so on. Prepare for the formal banquet the next day; At first, the canteen burned the rice (put the rice in a pot and boiled it in boiling water until it was half cooked and then picked it up) and steamed it; At the beginning of Tea Room, tea leaves were boiled to make tea; Housekeeping department (when each family has a happy event, people who are well-known in the local area and can talk will preside over the affairs of the gang, that is, the family of that day, which we call housekeeping department and manager) began to assign work and draw up the list of gang deacons. Who will help is arranged by the manager, and the host family will not take care of it on the wedding day, which is completely arranged by the guest management department.
The title of the assistant deacon list has its own version according to the different happy events. For example, the whole wine for marriage is called Deacon List of Tian Sakunosuke, the whole wine for marriage is called Deacon List for marriage, the whole wine for childbirth is called Deacon List for Nongzhang (or soup cake), the whole wine for moving is called Deacon List for the completion of Huatang, the whole wine for birthday is called Deacon List, and the whole wine for study is called Deacon List. Then make a list of all the people who help and what they do in the order of four classes and eight rooms, which is very particular. The general order of Hongxi from right to left is: manager, customer service, gift room, pick-up room, kitchen, dining room, tea room, smoking room, wine room, woodshed, basin holding, rice adding, tea pouring, seat adjustment, firewood holding, water and electricity, stereo, and so on. After the list of deacons is written, it should be posted at the bottom of the right window of the hall, in order from right to left, and the left side should be just aimed at the gate, so that the helper can find a job by himself and the clerk can arrange the work. People who pay attention to it will also put couplets on each pillar, with red paper to write red weddings and white papers to write white weddings.
Present a dowry to the bride's family
The day before marriage is the woman's "Flower Round Wine", which means to enjoy the moon and wish her a happy marriage. On this day, the woman took out all the dowry, put it in the hall, cleaned it, tied it up and fixed it. Relatives and friends come to congratulate and give gifts, and the closest relatives will also give a quilt cover while grooming the bride. You should ask your aunt, aunt or sister-in-law to "open your face", "wear flowers on your head" and "open your face". It is necessary to wrap the hair on the forehead with gray lines, twist the eyebrows into crescent, weave the hair into a "Baba bun", wrap it with a red rope, insert a silver pin and bring jewelry.
After breakfast, the groom's house is sent to the bride's house by housekeeping. The gift is for the bride's family. General gifts are gift letters and matching gifts (other gifts such as noodles, sugar, non-staple food, etc. ), clothes, gifts, etc. In some places, women with big rules ask their husbands to give them five ones: ten thousand yuan, 100 Jin of meat, 100 Jin of rice, 100 Jin of noodles and 100 Jin of wine. The ceremony team is led by the matchmaker and the gift money is also kept by them. Near the bride's home, when she was about to get home, the media lit a string of firecrackers to show that the ceremony team had arrived, reminding her that the guest manager was ready to receive guests.
When the bride's house hears firecrackers, the housekeeper will light a string of firecrackers to show that she is ready to enter the house. When the ceremony team arrives at the bride's house, they will first put the gifts in the main room and let the housekeeping department of the bride's house count them one by one according to the gift list. Then the media association frames the gift money (generally, it puts the money into a certain shape, such as fan-shaped, circular, semi-circular, double happiness, festive, newly married, and tied the knot), so that it is beautiful, conspicuous and safe. ) to the bride's home manager, after the replacement, you can enter the wing to have a rest.
Pick up the bride (in a sedan chair) for the wedding.
On the morning of the formal wedding, it was dawn, and the wedding team set off in a mighty way under the leadership of Mr. Dai Bin. The wedding team consists of the following personnel: the best man (the person who presides over the wedding ceremony at the woman's house), the Eight Immortals (the person who plays suona and drums), and the wedding guests (the closest relatives of the groom, such as his sister and aunt). ), the groom, and people who carry dowry with ropes and braces (made of wood or bamboo of different lengths). With the development of the times and the convenience of transportation, cars are generally used to pick up and drop off, and the rules have changed slightly. )
Over the mountains, I finally arrived at the bride's house. It is the same as the ceremony, that is, a string of firecrackers is fried in advance, and the wedding team will cross the hall and enter the wing to have a rest after the firecrackers of the woman's house are echoed. Mr. Dai Bin will consult with the manager of the woman's family to exchange opinions, manners and precautions. After a short rest, the wedding guests began to tie up the scaffold (scaffold) (dowry) and then carried it outside the dam to collect it. The heaviest and most difficult wardrobe ranks first, followed by cabinets, small wardrobes, cabinets, boxes, desks, washbasins, bedside tables ... and finally braziers and chairs. Every little walker is covered with a bed, and passers-by can judge the bride by how much her sparring partner (dowry, dowry) is covered.
Time to sit down. None of the other guests in the woman's house will sit in the first round. If there are extra seats, they can sit down. Because in this round, first of all, people should be arranged to greet the bride, give gifts and send her farewell. They can hurry up after breakfast because the groom's house won't open until they get home.
Faqin
After dinner, I'm ready to get married. The steward shouted, "Listen, friends and relatives, this is an auspicious moment. Eight Immortals gongs and drums, please light fireworks and whip fire, prepare to marry the bride, and invite the upstart to get on the sedan chair. Send a kiss! Take your places. "
The man who accompanied him came to attend the wedding banquet he claimed, and the wedding procession was arranged in the order of guests, gifts, Eight Immortals, guests, groom, bride, and guests to bid farewell to the bride (the bride's closest relative's daughter) and sedan chair baby (the bride's closest relative's male is younger than himself, and is responsible for taking the household registration structure and box key to get a rich red envelope), ready to set off.
First of all, the groom stood in the hall waiting for the bride, and the Eight Immortals teacher stood in front of the Eight Immortals table specially arranged at the cornice outside the door, drumming her cheeks and blowing the thrilling and tearful Marriage, and singing the Song of Hair Kissing with drums. In the bleak music, the bride who cried for a long time was slowly carried back to the boudoir by her brother or sister-in-law. If there is no brother or sister-in-law, her uncle, aunt, cousin, etc. Cann't carry it. When crossing the hall, put it down in the hall, let the bride stand on the square bucket placed in the hall in advance and step on a pair of footprints, which is called "stepping on the bucket". The bride's "stepping on a bucket" means leaving wealth to her family and wishing them a bumper harvest every year. Then the housekeeper of the bride's house lit a torch made of sunflower stalks or fragrant bark, threw it back and forth at the bride, and scattered sparks all over the house, indicating the bride's bright future. The bride will scatter two chopsticks prepared in advance before and after, wishing her brothers and sisters and themselves a well-fed life.
At this time, the bride is wearing a "revealing skirt" with big sleeves on her right chest, which is called a "revealing skirt". Her head was wrapped in a green handkerchief and decorated with Zhu Huayin, which jingled. She was hugged and cried in the main room, bid farewell to her ancestors and parents, and then set off on foot. The bride bowed deeply to Xiang (the division of heaven and earth in the middle of the hall) and shouted, "Mom and Dad, I'm leaving!" " "Then my brother and sister-in-law carried it out of the door. The feet on the bride's back should be bent back and raised as far as possible, and never touch the big threshold, otherwise the family will think that the bride has taken good luck and is unlucky from now on, giving people an unlucky feeling.
Then carry out the door, put on a pair of embroidered shoes brought by her husband's family, and let the bride's feet land.
When the bride goes on the road, rain or shine, the groom should prepare a flower umbrella called "Dew Umbrella". When the bride came to the door to see her relatives off, she quickly gave it to the bride.
Everything is ready except the east wind.
At this time, the manager lit a string of firecrackers, and then turned on his loud voice and said, "The mountains and rivers are long, and the friendship of relatives will not be forgotten;" The mountain road is winding, the grass is evergreen, and the guests from afar are leaving. "This means that fujian. Mr. Dai Bin also lit a string of firecrackers to respond: "The sky is very wide, the ground is very wide, and the future of relatives is very long; The mountains are evergreen and the water is flowing. Please leave at once, dear. "One is to express gratitude, and the other is to say goodbye.
At this time, suona, gongs and drums, firecrackers all rang. As soon as the firecrackers rang, the person who carried the marriage immediately flew away with it in his arms. At first, they will obey the rules and let the wardrobe go ahead. When they pass the bride's house, they will "cross the sea to show their magical powers." Everyone will get ahead of the former bride, otherwise they will be ridiculed as "farewell", which is exciting.
Play professionally
On the way to get married, anyone who crosses the river, crosses the bridge and takes the wedding will stop and stop the wedding in the middle of the road to prevent the bride from passing. The purpose is to get the bride to give cigarettes, sunflowers, glutinous rice cakes and red envelopes. After the bride filled everyone with cigarettes and lit them, everyone rushed forward like a swarm of bees. At the next goal, everyone is doing the same thing and continuing to make trouble. It often takes half a day to get home.
At the end of the groom's house, a more lively and colorful drama show began. Those unmarried teenagers or children try their best to play tricks on the bride and groom, often making them laugh and cry, but they can't be angry on festive days, so they have to cry and laugh. They will do everything they can to make the bride and groom happy in good faith, such as grinding, scratching their faces, carrying sedan chairs, putting up signs, biting apples, cutting their bottoms, standing on the bench, riding unicycle, carrying donkey boards and wearing high hats.
(of the bride and groom) salute to heaven and earth.
Married people are elderly people, close relatives of the groom, and both husband and wife are alive. They are responsible for making the bed for the bride and groom, lighting candles, changing shoes and so on. When the bride got home, the round relatives quickly took out a pair of red candles and lit them, then took out two pairs of thousand-layer cloth shoes to put on a couple and came back with old shoes. Moreover, this kind of shoe can only be worn once, and then it will be pressed under its own pig trough until it is rotten.
When this group of people has had enough trouble, the round relatives will put on the new people's padded shoes. After putting on slippers, a newly married couple, led by a golden couple, slowly walked into the hall with fireworks thrown by another golden couple, and the bride walked into the front door of her husband's house. A worship ceremony was held in front of the ancestral temple of the groom's family.
At this time, as usual, the ceremony table in the hall will be suspended for a while, because the woman gave the red envelope in the hall, and there is no reason not to let it go. ) In the order of male left and female right, both men and women stood in front of the memorial tablet in the mourning hall. After the couple worships heaven and earth, ancestors, parents and husband and wife, the bride and groom immediately rush into the bridal chamber.
To enthrone
Into the bridal chamber, the couple will scramble to grab the bed. It is said that whoever sits on the bed first means who has the final say in the future. The rule of "sitting on the bed" is that men are left and women are right, with the center as the boundary. A girl with calculation often sits on the border, but the groom is not to be outdone and tries his best to push the bride out of the border. Neither side will give in and squeeze each other, if it is true. If the groom suddenly lifts the bride's headscarf, the bride can't help laughing and sitting on the bed, which is very funny.
At this time, guests can only stand at a distance and watch. According to the regulations, they can't talk or walk around casually. After the bride and groom sit down in bed, the housekeeping department will set off a string of firecrackers to welcome the guests home. At this time, it is time for a group of children to pay attention to red envelopes. As long as you do the same thing, the bride will seal a red envelope. Even some children have the cheek to ask the bride for a red envelope without doing anything, and the bride will give it.
Take a seat at the banquet table-attend the banquet.
As the saying goes: "A thousand armies and horses have heads, and all hosts have owners." When the table began to sit down, the customer service manager shouted at the gate, "Anyone who is helpful, please take your places. The table will be opened soon." Help stop entertainment immediately, resolutely. Men, women and children who came from all directions to eat wine scrambled to sit on the table of the Eight Immortals, and those who didn't sit down had to wait for the next round. As long as you know the rules when sitting at the table, don't sit in the eighth (the side near the main room). Then, the people who serve wine serve wine, pack cigarettes, serve food, add rice, pour tea and wash dishes. There are seven bowls, eight dishes and one bowl of soup per table, and 16 courses are collected. The first round of table 80 is about to open, and the yard is full of wine and meat mixed with the charming fragrance of women.
After one round of eating, the next round of guests are scrambling to consciously sit on each table for 8 people. This is called a flowing mat. Going beyond the scope will bring countless troubles to the boss. Usually even, eight or ten tables are arranged for one round, depending on the number of guests. Never arrange odd tables, it will be unlucky.
During the dinner, the farewell guests will bring cigarettes, sugar, sunflower seeds, Baba and so on. Greet the guests at the table one by one. Guests will not only clean up the dishes, but also wrap Baba and sunflower seed candy. The host family also arranges cigarettes, and the farewell guests also have cigarettes. Really busy, but also very hot and happy.
The whole yard only heard the laughter of the boxing order. The ground is covered with wine bottles, fishbones, bones and cigarette butts. When Ann arrives in the third round, the customer manager will put a Zhang Xiaohong note on some tables on the right, which means the seat to see the guests off. When other guests see the red note, they won't sit on those tables.
Anyone sitting at the table, as long as he is experienced, will make a judgment on some situations. For example, when serving, it must be a cold dish, and the quality of the dish is bad first and then good. The soup bowl appears, indicating that the food has been finished; Every time I hear a string of firecrackers, it must be the kitchen. If you want to eat early when there are many people, you must first take a pair of chopsticks and so on.
Now people in the mountains have gradually opened their eyes, imitating the outside of the mountain, and convenience service teams have appeared in many places. Tableware is available, which is no longer a happy event as before. The host family has to be busy for three or four days, borrowing from the east and borrowing from the west. With the development of society and the change of history, Tujia flowing water mat is constantly updated.
(of relatives and friends) teasing the newlyweds on their wedding night.
The custom of having a bridal chamber on Tujia wedding night. Newcomers can participate in this activity for three days, regardless of age. First, the bride and groom are in the bridal chamber. It's just that it's dark and they're embarrassed to sleep. They need someone to talk to. Second, the ancients had an allusion of "a thousand dollars for a smile". In this world, it may be a common problem for men to provoke women. For a new girl from Doby, it's also a pleasure to say something interesting to win a beautiful woman's smile and feast her eyes. Third, the new girl brought delicious food, such as peanuts, walnuts, sunflower chestnuts and so on. , tap and serve.
Generally, the groom's cousin, old classmates and the girls and boys in the village all want to have fun in the bridal chamber. The customer service department understands the feelings of young people and will agree to their demands. However, there are a few points to pay attention to when it is noisy. First, it is polite to talk and laugh. Now it's a civilized society, not too dirty, well-worded and interesting. Second, a gentleman's words are not deeds. Don't rummage around when you enter the new room. If you want to knock on the new girl's food, you must rely on eloquence, affection and righteousness to say it. Only when the host family is willing to take out something to eat can it be fragrant.
When the bridal chamber is in trouble, the leaders will walk and say, "I'm happy and noisy. I'll walk into the bridal chamber with my feet. One is to visit the groom, and the other is to see the bride." "Busy walking, busy walking, crossing the threshold into the bridal chamber, having a son on his left foot and a girl on his right foot." "The Emperor Emperor visited the bride and groom, and the family was prosperous, like a hundred mandarin ducks." "The waves are rough, the water is boundless, and I look forward to the sunrise in spring, and the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins are wide, not as good as buddies." After that, a large group of girls and boys followed them into the bridal chamber. Everyone is embarrassed to sit except the couple's bed. Everyone who can sit is full, and most people are standing. The bride and groom sat on the couple's bed, smiling and braking.
It is a custom of Tujia nationality to have a noisy room. When I entered the bridal chamber, I wanted to drink cigarettes, tea or knock on the dishes of the nouveau riche by eloquence. They say tea when they drink cigarettes, sunflower, walnut, peanut and chestnut, and clown pubic hair.
There are many tricks of bridal chamber, so the specific process will not be described one by one.
Near the end, the leaders will say, "Brothers and sisters, don't make trouble for a long time. It's hard for a daughter to have sex all night. Today is a good day, so you and I shouldn't be third wheels. " "It's noisy in the middle of the night. I wish the bride an early confinement, and my brother is not called Xie. I am a guest in the Three Dynasties. " The leader got up and walked out of the bridal chamber, and the leader moved. Everyone followed the leader out of the bridal chamber with laughter like wearing underpants.
Drink tea and wear shoes
On the morning after visiting the church, there was a "going out to worship". In the hall, the elders of the clan are sitting around a rectangular table composed of several tables, with a teapot in front of each table. The bride visited the elders of the clan one by one, and the elders said some words of good luck. The bride will pour tea for the elders one by one, and after the tea is finished, they will put the red packets of tea in the tea jar, with different quantities. After drinking tea, I began to put on my shoes. The bride will distribute the cloth shoes made by her parents to the elders, and the elders will give the bride money again.
At breakfast, the bride and groom will pack cigarettes and catch melon seeds for the guests at the table, meet all the relatives and friends and wish each other well.
See relatives off
After breakfast, it's time to see the guests off. In a string of farewell firecrackers lit by the groom, the farewell guests went out, and the groom followed with his luggage. There is a very interesting rule here. When seeing Affinity off and getting her backpack back from the groom, she can only pick it up from behind with her backhand, and can't look back at the groom, otherwise she will be laughed at by all the guests in the groom's house. Equal contact
After the backpack, the farewell guests move on, and the groom continues to follow until the farewell guests leave red envelopes, and the groom turns around and returns. If the groom wants more red envelopes, keep forwarding them.
(of a newlywed wife) going to her parents' home with her newlywed husband.
On the third day after marriage (seven days is too far), the bride and husband will go back to their parents' home to visit relatives, which is called "going back to their parents' home". "Returning to the door" is the etiquette for the bride to return to her parents' home and the groom to visit her parents-in-law. Therefore, the groom should give rich gifts to his parents-in-law, including sugar, cigarettes, wine and non-staple food, among which a pig leg of more than 20 kilograms is essential. When returning to the door, the bride walks in front and the groom walks behind; On the contrary, when you get home, you can't turn back.
"Back to the door" must return on the same day, and you must never stay at your mother's house. Even a girl who has been married for many years will never be arranged to share a room with her husband when she returns home, which is a taboo for Tujia people.
Back in Huimen, as a life ceremony advocated by Tujia people, the wedding ceremony ended successfully and the couple started a new life.
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