Overview of Asian optical industry

Photoelectric industry refers to all industries that use photoelectric technology to manufacture components and equipment and systems with photoelectric components as key components. According to product classification, the photoelectric industry can be divided into five categories: photoelectric components, optical information, optical communication, optical components and equipment, and photoelectric applications.

(1) product structure and function

(1) optical lens

All optical lenses, mirrors, prisms and other products that process optical materials to achieve focusing, collimation, filtering, reflection and refraction are called optical elements. Matte optical lens products include lens, lens group, prism, reflector, optical filter and aspheric lens, which can be used in cameras, rangefinders, cameras, copiers, fax machines, optical sights, optical disk drives and other products. At present, ODM mode is adopted for production, and design and manufacture are carried out according to customers' requirements for the overall mechanical structure of products, providing customers with various types of lens groups for composition of various products. According to the information of the Photoelectric Industry Science and Technology Association, sub-gloss coating technology ranks in the top five compared with Japanese optical manufacturers. At present, there are three main production bases in Chinese mainland: Dongguan Xintai (processing and production of optical lenses, lenses and other parts), Dongguan Tailian (production and processing of cameras and their parts) and Hangzhou Nikon (production of R&D and monocular cameras and related parts).

(2) Laser rangefinder

As an ordinary consumer laser product, its main function is to measure the distance, replacing the old products based on traditional optics and triangulation. It can be used for high-precision measurement, civil construction measurement, water conservancy measurement, telegraph pole and cable measurement and other industrial purposes, and can also be used for recreational purposes such as mountaineering, navigation, tourism and sports. According to the ranging ability, it can be divided into 350M, 1000M, 1200M, etc. If distinguished by appearance, it can be divided into single cylinder and double cylinder. With the increasing attention of European and American countries to leisure and entertainment, the demand for using this product in leisure and entertainment is also increasing year by year. In order to meet various demands of the consumer market, the development trend of this product is towards simple operation, light weight and miniaturization.

(3) eyesight

It is a monocular telescope, which assists gun shooting and provides crosshair aiming. It has the functions of adjusting focal length and zooming, and is generally used by military police or leisure hunting. It is a traditional optical product in manufacturing technology, and its sales area is mainly in the United States.

(4) DVD-ROM reading head

The main components of the optical head include laser diode (LD), photoelectric conversion chip (PD-IC), objective lens, actuator and other optical components (such as collimator lens, beam splitter and reflector), among which other components also include flexible cable, modulation chip and passive components. The main mass-produced products of sub-gloss in DVD-ROM read head include non-polarizing beam splitter, folding mirror, dichroic cube, dichroic filter and other important coating components in the read head, which are supplied to Sony, Sanyo in Japan and domestic DVD read head manufacturers such as Hongjing, Jiaxiang and Youjia. Since the second half of 1989, it has been commissioned by Pioneer Corporation of Japan to produce DVD-ROM readheads.

(5) Digital camera

Because it has mastered the design and production advantages of key components of lenses in digital cameras, Yaguang started to manufacture 6.5438+0.3 million pixel digital cameras from August 1989, with a total shipment of 400,000 units. At present, camera products are mainly OEM/ODM.

(6) DWDM optical filter

(interference filter) 1995 optical fiber communication architecture began to multiplex more than two wavelengths. Under the transmission module with each wavelength of 2.5Gb/s, the more wavelength channels are used, the greater the communication bandwidth. If 16 communication wavelengths are used, the communication bandwidth can reach 40 GB/s. With the use of more wavelength channels, the spacing of each wavelength will become narrower and the relative density will increase. Therefore, this communication architecture with both time multiplexing and wavelength multiplexing is called "high-density wavelength multiplexing communication system", or DWDM for short. Since the advent of 1995, DWDM has spread rapidly in just a few years, and it has been applied to major backbone networks around the world, and now it has expanded to metropolitan area networks more rapidly.

At present, there are three technologies to make DWDM, namely optical filter (using multilayer coating technology), fiber grating (AWG) and array waveguide (waveguide). Optical filter has the advantages of small size, low insertion loss, low crosstalk, low polarization sensitivity and adjustable wavelength, and is the mainstream technology in DWDM system at present.

(B) Upstream and downstream industry association map

According to its vertical division of labor, the optical industry can be divided into upstream optical materials industry, midstream optical components industry, downstream optical application products industry and peripheral related industries. Among them, optical materials can be divided into glass and plastic. In China, the supply of optical glass blanks mainly comes from HOYA in Taiwan Province Province, OHARA in Taiwan Province Province and Taiwan-funded Lianyi Optics. Chimei is the main supplier of raw materials in optical plastics, but most of them are still imported.

(3) Production characteristics and technological evolution

(1) coating production process

The core technology of coating production process includes polishing, cleaning, coating, gluing, cutting, polishing, wavelength plate pasting and inspection of double-sided flat glass.

(2) Manufacturing process of optical elements

The core technology of aspheric mold core processing includes aspheric mold core processing, aspheric surface detection, aspheric surface forming and aspheric mold core compensation processing.

(3) Production technology of laser rangefinder

The core technology of laser rangefinder includes lens processing, lens assembly, electronic patch mounting, optical machine processing, fuselage assembly, optical adjustment, electronic adjustment and external measurement.

(d) Technological evolution and future development

Future development trend of (1) optical thin film technology

1. optical film processing technology

At present, thermal evaporation is still the main treatment method, so there are some problems such as thermal stability and time variation. The research and development trend of optical thin films in the future will be towards ion gun assisted coating, high-speed ion sputtering and plasma ion coating.

2. Precision optical elements

In the future, we will devote ourselves to improving the mass production technology of second-order prisms and the research and development of high-precision optical elements for optical films.

3. Optical-mechanical-electrical integration technology

Design and development of LCD projector optical engine (including zoom lens), laser rangefinder optical system, laser sight optical system, LCD backlight board, etc.

(2) The future development trend of optical element technology.

1. aspheric surface machining technology

The aspheric surface processing technology includes the existing aspheric mold core processing and aspheric plastic molding lens. The future research and development trends are: hybrid lens (spherical glass+aspheric resin), large-aperture glass aspheric lens (directly processed on aspheric processing machine), molded glass aspheric lens, D.O.E lens (lens with diffractive optical elements) and so on. The above can fully support the design and manufacture of optical lenses, reduce costs, improve lens performance, and enhance added value and competitiveness.

2. Processing technology of small-diameter lens

The processing technology of small diameter (ψ2mm or less) lenses is completely different from that of traditional lenses (ψ3mm or more). In the future, photoelectric products will be light, thin, short and small.

(3) The future development trend of laser ranging technology.

1. In the future, laser rangefinder technology will develop in the direction of long distance, high precision, small volume and low cost.

2. Optical-mechanical-electrical integration technology.

(4) The future development trend of vision technology.

1. Develop independent products

2. Develop a laser sight.

3. Develop new aspherical products

4. Developing diffractive optical products According to PIDA data, the global photoelectric market value was $654.38+0343 billion last year, and it is estimated that the global photoelectric market value will increase to $654.38+0776 billion in 2003. In the field of optical components and equipment industry, because most photoelectric products need to use optical lenses as interfaces, especially the demand for high-precision optical components is gradually increasing, the LCD projector market is gradually growing, which moderately offsets the decline of traditional optical products, making the optical components and equipment industry market still maintain steady growth.

(1) optical lens

The production technology of electronic information products in the world is constantly innovating, and there are more and more photoelectric products. Especially under the change of electronic manufacturing technology, the volume of circuits and components has been miniaturized, which is more conducive to the development of photoelectric products. Photoelectric components (optical lenses) are mostly the interfaces of photoelectric products, so optical components are also developing to products with high precision, high polishing and coating technology, such as digital cameras, liquid crystal projectors and optical fiber components.

(2) Laser rangefinder

The global laser measurement market has maintained a scale of about $40 million from 1996 to 1999, with no obvious growth. In recent years, with the improvement of semiconductor laser technology and the reduction of cost, the laser measuring light source is gradually replaced by semiconductor laser. The proportion of semiconductor lasers in measurement applications has steadily increased from 7.6% in 1996 to 24% in 1999. Because the operation is simpler and simpler, the volume is lighter and lighter, and the price is lower and lower, the application is more and more extensive. In the future, the cost of lasers, optical sensors and optical lenses will continue to decline, the accuracy will be improved, and the assembly will be lighter and smaller, which may form a grand occasion like a laser pen.

(3) DVD-ROM reading head

Due to the sharp increase in the number of DVD discs, DVD players sold well in the North American market in 2000, and the proportion of PCs equipped with DVD-ROM also increased significantly. The total shipment of DVD players in 2000 was 36 million units, which was 1 times higher than that in 2000. The trend of DVD products replacing VCD products will continue in 2006, with 5438+0. It is estimated that the shipment of DVD players will reach 70 million units.

(4) DWDM optical filter

According to ITIS's forecast in July, the global DWDM market in 2000 was about 4.33 billion US dollars, with North America accounting for 70%. It grew to 5.76 billion US dollars in 20001year and reached1342.7 billion US dollars in 2003. Among them, Asia's market share will increase from 19% in 2000 to 43% in 2003, which is the region with the strongest growth in the future.

(5) Digital camera

In less than four years, the resolution of digital cameras has increased from 800,000 pixels to 3.34 million pixels, including 800,000 pixels, 6.5438+0.8 million pixels and 2 million pixels, and the new products are changing with each passing day. On the other hand, the global shipments increased from 3.26 million units in 1998 and 5.4 million units in 0999 to 7.8 million units in 2000. It is estimated that in 20001year, the global scale will increase to10.35 million units, with 38% growth in North America as the main power source and 340% growth in Europe. In terms of pixels, due to the printing quality of 300dpi, the image quality is not much different from that of traditional cameras when using 2 million pixel DSC, so the pixel competition will slow down after 3.34 million pixel products, and the product strategies of various factories will turn to product line competition. It is estimated that the proportion of 2 million pixel products in the overall market will increase from 30% to 40%.

Due to the slowdown of global PC market demand in the second half of 2000, digital camera products were impacted, but the impact was not significant. The growth rate of middle and low-grade digital camera manufacturers is about 180%. At present, the number of personal computers in the world still far exceeds the number of digital cameras, and the demand for digital cameras continues to rise. Matt's main products include lenses, lens groups, prisms, reflectors, optical filters and aspheric lenses, and optical equipment products include sights, laser rangefinders and microscopes.

(1) optical element

Among the related optical lens factories in Taiwan Province Province, five are specialized in producing glass lenses, such as Dagen, Jinguo, Baosheng, Lianyi and Advanced. Dali, Heguang, Li Zhuo, Jinding and other four companies specialize in plastic lenses; Five companies, including Asia, Yujing, Yipin, Jin Woo and National International, have the ability to produce both plastic and glass lenses.

Coating technology is the characteristic of Asian optics. According to the data of Photoelectric Industry Science and Technology Association, even in Japan, sub-gloss coating technology can rank in the top five. At present, Asia Optics has 7 coaters in Taiwan Province Province, and bought a new multilayer coater with a diameter of 850 mm in 1987. Its main products include zoom lenses of megapixel digital cameras and various optical components in LCD projectors. At present, Japan's Hoya and Ohara are the world's leading technologies.

(2) Laser rangefinder

In the global market, at present, only BUSHNELL of the United States, SWAROSKI of Austria and Yaguang are engaged in the development and design of laser rangefinder. Among them, Tasco and Bushnell won with short-range and low-cost rangefinders, which are mostly used for entertainment and car collision avoidance. At present, Asia Optics has developed three models, which have reached the leading position of light, thin, short and small design in volume and function, and even some competitors have commissioned the company to produce ODM.

(3) eyesight

Matte sight products are mainly produced by SCOPRO, a subsidiary of the Philippines, and the sights produced by the group are mainly exported to the United States. According to the statistics of US Customs, the spot amount of US Customs imports in 1988 was about 2.038 billion, and the spot turnover of this company and POWERLINK (B.V.I) in 1988 was * * * 690 million, accounting for 33.86% of the US Customs imports. It can be seen that Asia Optics is the industry leader of sight products in the world. In addition, Taiwan Province Province is actively developing new product types, such as adding the ranging function to the sight, developing a new laser sight, and marking the target with LED to improve the aim.

(4) Microscope

There are only five microscope manufacturers in Asia, Guo Min, Huatang, Sun and Taiji, and almost all of their products are exported. 1987-88, the turnover of Asian optical microscopes accounted for 49.80% and 53.90% of China's microscope export trade respectively.

(5) DVD-ROM reading head

The main manufacturers are Sony, Pioneer, Sanyo, Sharp, Hitachi and Panasonic. Qingyi is mainly made by Japanese manufacturers, mainly restricting the import of key components such as LD, PD-IC and objective lens. In addition, the production process of DVD reading head is extremely dependent on manual assembly and testing, so it is not easy to realize full-line automation, and it will not be competitive in the long run. Therefore, if there is no technology transfer from foreign manufacturers and a production line is set up in Chinese mainland, it is difficult to mass-produce in China in a short time by one's own efforts.

(6) DWDM optical filter

Domestic listed cabinet enterprises are mainly represented by Hon Hai, Jingdezhen, Ryder and Yaguang. Among them, Jingdezhen has the advantages of leading technology and good relationship with downstream customers because of its early entry. Hon Hai's "Phoenix Project" is the largest and most complete project for manufacturers in Taiwan Province Province to span the optical communication field, and it will be the most capable to integrate the optical communication component industry in Taiwan Province Province in the future. Matte started from optical components. Precision grinding, electroplating and downstream assembly are the most competitive. DWDM modules will not be completely assembled in the next 2-3 years, and a large number of labor is still an important production demand. It is predicted that Asian optics will also occupy a place in the optical communication industry in Taiwan Province Province in the future.

(7) Digital camera

Only Japan and Taiwan Province Province produce DSC in the world, among which Japan is the leading region in technical specifications and output, and Taiwan Province Province mainly produces middle and low-grade digital cameras. At present, more than ten domestic manufacturers have announced that they will enter this industry, namely, Inventec, Huayu, Jinbao and Qi Ming in PC industry, Shengbao and Dongyou in household appliances industry, Quanyou, Hongyou, Li Jie and Shen Zhi in scanner industry, and new entrants such as Silicon Peak, Prior, Mingteng, Dayang and Yaguang in traditional camera industry.

Traditional camera factories have the advantages of self-made lenses and optical technology, so they have cost advantages in the short term. Scanner factory has its own brand and channel management experience, so there is more room for development in the PC camera market that is not brand-oriented. At present, domestic manufacturers have 2 million pixels of products that can be commercialized, such as Shen You, Prior, Li Jie, Huajing and Silicon Peak, but the main products are still below/kloc-0.0 million pixels.

Fourth, the product price trend.

1988, the average sales price of finished sight and microscope components both rose, mainly due to the increasing proportion of high-end products, but last year, the finished sight fell below the low price of 1000 yuan, which was caused by the sluggish market; As for microscope components, we continue to develop high-end products.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) cost structure and supply and demand of raw materials

As far as the previous product cost structure is concerned, direct raw materials are the main production costs, accounting for at least 60% of the production costs of various products, while the main production raw materials for optical components accounting for 70% of revenue are lens materials, including optical glass and optical plastics. Among them, the main component of optical glass is silica (SiO2 _ 2), so the source of raw materials is not easy to be short, and the production capacity of raw material suppliers is easy to expand. However, the cost of materials in optical plastics is low, and there are more supplies, so the lens materials have a downward trend year by year. At present, lens materials are mainly purchased from Ogara Optics in Taiwan Province Province.

Considering the production strategy of international division of labor, some semi-finished optical lenses are purchased from Asia (B.V.I.) to reduce the production cost, so the purchase volume of Asia (B.V.I.) changes with the company's capacity load and production cost. 1987, due to the hot demand in the scanner market, the company's orders for scanner lenses increased. Based on the overall order and capacity planning factors, it increased the purchase of semi-finished optical lenses from Asia (B.V.I.), so the amount of semi-finished optical lenses purchased from Asia (B.V.I.) increased significantly. By 1988, due to the weakness of the scanner market, the orders for finished optical lenses of scanners were reduced, and some high-tech optical lenses, such as those of digital cameras and LCD projectors, were produced by the company itself.

An analysis of the customer structure of intransitive verbs

Through Asia (B.V.I) and Powerlink (B.V.I), Mattel invested in processing and assembling optical lenses, laser rangefinders and sights in Chinese mainland, Xintai and Scopro. All the important optical components needed are provided by Asia Optics, so they are sold to Asia (B.V.I.) and Powerlink (B.V.I), and the export proportion has also increased from 50.8% in 1986 to 80.3% in 1988, of which Europe accounts for 48.5% and Asia accounts for 60.5%.

(1) optical lens:

About 40% of Yaguang's monthly optical lens production is sold to customers, mainly including LCD projector manufacturers such as Zhongqiang Optoelectronics, Qi Ming, Hitachi and Hongyou, scanner manufacturers such as Xu Li and Quanyou, and camera manufacturers such as Canon and Ricoh in Taiwan Province Province.

(2) Laser rangefinder:

Customers include Nikon and bushnell. At present, the product has developed to the fourth generation, with a detection distance of 600 yards. The products have obtained the A-level license of FDA, and the monthly ODM order reaches 654.38+0000 units, but the production capacity is limited, and the shipment volume is about 6~7 thousand units.

(3) Camera:

The monthly shipment of matte cameras is about 400,000, including 300,000 traditional cameras. Customers include Ricoh, Nikon, Kodak and Olympus, and their products range from the simplest 35mm and APS to high-end monocular cameras and autofocus cameras. At present, digital cameras are specially exported to HP, mainly with 6.5438+0.3 million pixels.

(4) Laser reading head:

In cooperation with Japan Pioneer Company, the current monthly shipment volume reaches 400,000 sets, mainly using DVD-ROM and 16 times the speed of products. It is estimated that a product with 32 times the speed will be developed in August this year.

(5) Vision:

Mainly OEM for American manufacturer TASCO, with a monthly shipment of about 240,000 pieces. But last year, the United States controlled the use of sights with guns, which affected the sales of sights.