What's the formula for taking pictures? This formula is not another formula.

If you shoot it with a mobile phone, it's basically a document. Don't worry about exposing those combinations, just improve your composition ability.

There is a so-called formula about composition, which comes from the first chapter of the textbook "Photographer's Eye" of New York Institute of Photography. Very simple, just four sentences:

What is the theme of the photo (what is the purpose of the author's photography)?

Is everything in the photo conducive to the expression of the theme?

Does the author use subtraction techniques to remove "useless subjects"? What subtraction techniques are used?

Is the distribution and collocation between photo subjects harmonious and full of beauty? Is there room for improvement?

This is just a programmatic thing. To improve, you can only watch other people's films, learn from them, imitate them, shoot more and think more, and gradually form your own style.

As for the whole body or bust, how much space people occupy in the photo should be judged according to the situation at that time.