Legend of seeking total solar eclipse

Since the landlord wants the legend of solar eclipse, I will copy it. You're welcome.

One of the legends is that tengu will eat the sun. Among the ten disciples of Sakyamuni, one of his sons is Mulian. He is a good Buddha, kind and very filial to his mother. However, as a queen, Mulian's mother is violent and likes and dislikes are clear. On one occasion, Manglietia's mother suddenly had a whim and came up with a bad idea: monks are vegetarians, so I'm going to play a trick on them and eat dog meat. She ordered to make 360 dog meat buns, saying they were vegetarian buns, and they were going to the temple to give them. Mulian knew about it, advised his mother not to listen, and sent someone to inform the abbot of the temple. The abbot prepared 360 vegetarian steamed buns and hid them in the sleeves of each monk. Mulian's mother came to give alms and gave each monk a dog meat steamed bread. Before the meal, the monk recited the Buddha and replaced the dog meat steamed bread in his sleeve with vegetarian steamed bread before eating. When Manglietia saw that all the monks had eaten her steamed bread, she clapped her hands and said with a smile, "Monks eat meat today! Monks eat dog meat steamed buns! " The abbot folded his hands and repeated, "Amitabha, sin, sin!" " "Afterwards, 360 dog meat steamed buns were buried in the soil behind the temple. The jade emperor in the sky was very angry when he learned about it. Will lay Manglietia's mother down to eighteen levels of hell, become a vicious dog, and will never be reborn. Manglietia is a filial son. Knowing that his mother had gone to hell, he practiced day and night and finally became a treasure Buddha. In order to save his mother, he used Zhang Xi to open the door of hell. The mother of Manglietia Manglietia and all the evil spirits escaped from hell and were reincarnated to make trouble on earth. The Jade Emperor was furious and made Manglietia descend to earth to devote herself to Huang Chao. Later, "Huang Chao killed eight million people", and the legend came to collect these evil spirits who escaped from hell. Manglietia's mother turned into a vicious dog. After escaping from hell, she hated the Jade Emperor's guts and jumped into the sky to settle accounts with him. She couldn't find the jade emperor in the sky, so she chased the sun and the moon, trying to swallow them and turn heaven and earth into a dark world. This evil dog chases and chases day and night! She chased the moon and swallowed it; Catch up with the sun and swallow it in one gulp. The evil dog that Mulian's mother turned into was most afraid of gongs and firecrackers, and the sun and moon swallowed by the evil dog would spit it out again. After the sun and the moon were rescued, the sun, the moon and Hui Qi started running again. Bad dogs don't want to catch up again, so there are eclipses in the sky again and again. Folks call it "Tengu eats the sun" and "Tengu eats the moon". Up to now, during solar and lunar eclipses, many people in cities and rural areas still have the custom of beating gongs and drums and setting off firecrackers to drive away Tengu. Legend 2: Asura's eating Japanese Asura is one of the Eight Dragons, originally an evil god in ancient Indian mythology. Buddhist scriptures call Asura "unnatural" or "bad weather", which means to start a war for no reason. Men are extremely ugly and women are extremely beautiful. He is similar to a quotation, but he is not a quotation; He has worldly desires like a man, but he is not a man. He is a non-god, non-ghost, inhuman and extremely ugly monster. According to Buddhist legend, Asura and Indra are sworn enemies, always fighting with each other. Because Asura has beautiful women but no food, while skyclan has delicious food but no beautiful women, they are jealous of each other and rob each other. Finally, the Asura family was defeated, expelled from heaven, and lived in the Elk Cave. Later, at the gathering of the gods who drank the sacred wine, a Asura man named Luo Hou got in, was found by the moon god and the sun god, and was beheaded. However, the nectar he drank did not go down to his throat, so only his head angrily rushed to the sky, turned into a dark star Luo Hou, and kept chasing the sun and the moon to bite, but because there was no lower body, it would fall out soon after eating, which was the reason for the eclipse. As for the rest of the body, it becomes another dark star. Legend three, Huang Wan skillfully solved the solar eclipse at the age of seven. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a senior official named Huang Wan became a A Qiu. He once discussed with Stuart Wang Yun * * * to eliminate Dong Zhuo, a big evil thief. Huang Wan was very clever and eloquent from an early age. In the first year of Herry Liu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huang Wan's grandfather, Huang Qiong, served as a satrap in Wei Jun, which borders Hebei and Shandong, and Xiaowan followed him to live there. In the first month, the weather changed and a solar eclipse suddenly occurred in the sky. People in the ten counties under the jurisdiction of Wei County clearly saw it, but people in Beijing could not see it. After the news reached the court, the Queen Mother immediately summoned Huang Qiong. Huang Qiong dare not neglect, with Huang Wan, got into the carriage and went to Beijing at night. After entering the palace, the queen mother sat under the canopy, surrounded by ladies-in-waiting. Huang Qiong's grandparents and grandchildren fell to the ground and kowtowed several times. The queen mother smiled and asked, "Who is this child? Huang Qiong replied, "He is my little grandson and his name is Huang Wan." . "the queen mother asked," how old is this year? " Huang Qiong replied, "Five years old." The queen mother said, "Oh! Have you ever seen a solar eclipse in Wei Jun? " Huang Wan clearly and brightly replied: "Thanks to the Queen Mother Hongfu, I saw it." The Queen Mother turned to Huang Qiong and asked, "What is an eclipse?" Huang Qiong couldn't think of any accurate picture sentences to explain the appearance of the solar eclipse, so his face turned red. How clever Huang Wan is. He nudged his embarrassed grandfather. Grandfather tilted his head to him, and Huang Wan said softly, "You said the eclipse was like the first meniscus at the beginning of the month." Huang Qiong was surprised, and hurriedly reported the grandson's statement to the Queen Mother in a clear voice. The queen mother smiled and said, "Oh, yes! Tengu's mouth is too small to swallow all day! "Then he said," When my grandson whispers to you, don't hide anything from me. " Huang Qiong was taken aback and quickly knelt on the ground and said frankly, "Xiaowan specially taught me how to answer the queen mother's questions." The queen mother smiled and said, "I always knew this was a clever boy." Say that finish, ordered to take out precious gifts to reward him. Legend 4: A solar eclipse that prevented a war. From the 6th century to the 7th century BC, on the Iranian plateau, Medes lived and established the kingdom of Medes. The kingdom of Medea was once very powerful. It conquered the Assyrian empire to the west and occupied Nineveh, the capital of Assyria. Then it continued westward into Asia Minor and met its new neighbor, the Kingdom of Lydia. The kingdom of Lydia is close to the east coast of the Aegean Sea, which is the northwest of Anatolia Plateau in Turkey today. It is also a very powerful small kingdom. In the face of aggression, Lydians took up arms and stubbornly resisted, and the two countries fought fiercely in the area of Haruz River (now Kizil River). The land under their feet was taken away by them, and battles broke out one after another. In this way, the first wait is five years. A large number of soldiers from both sides were killed and countless people were displaced. Knowing that this kind of consumption will only hurt both sides, no one is willing to give in and make peace first. One day, the two armies confronted each other and fought fiercely until the sun went down. The sun shone on the armor, flashing a series of sword shadows. Suddenly, the soldiers found a black shadow breaking into the round surface of the sun and devouring it bit by bit. The dazzling sun disc gradually decreases, and the brightness of the earth gradually decreases, as if dusk came early. Immediately, the sun was swallowed up, and it was dark, as if night had suddenly fallen, and several bright stars were shining in the dark sky. The soldiers had never seen such a sight before, and suddenly they were shocked and stopped fighting in the boundless "night". Although the sun reappeared soon and the eclipse ended soon, both sides thought it was a warning from God that the war between the two countries could not be fought any more. After some discussion, the leaders of the two sides decided to shake hands and sign a permanent peace contract. A protracted war, so because of an accidental total solar eclipse, turned enemies into friends. This story is recorded in the book History of Persian War by Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian. According to the background data, astronomers have long calculated that the solar eclipse occurred on May 28th, 585 BC. The book also records that Thales, a famous scholar in Miletus on the east coast of Aegean Sea, predicted the total solar eclipse. Miletus belongs to the ancient Greek city-state. At this time, the ancient Greek civilization is entering its own modernity. As a pioneer, Thales has made fundamental contributions in philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, engineering, political science and other fields. So, if the first real "scientist" in the world is who, it should be Thales. After foreseeing the total solar eclipse, Thales planned to use people's fear of solar eclipse at that time to eliminate the disaster of war. So he announced to the belligerents: "God hates this war very much and will warn you by covering the sky. If you don't stop fighting, there will be great disaster. "At that time, ordinary people didn't know much about the cause of the eclipse, and they didn't believe in the forecast of the eclipse, so both sides ignored Thales' warning. It was not until the eclipse really happened during the war that they were persuaded by Thales to end the war. How did Thales predict this solar eclipse? Did he accurately grasp the laws of the day and the month at that time? Later generations have made various textual research on this, speculating that Thales may have used the Chaldeans (or Babylonians? ) (that is, 18 1 1 8 hours a day, the solar eclipse and the lunar eclipse will repeat). However, the Charlotte cycle is only an approximate cycle, especially the total solar eclipse. The total solar eclipse belt is very narrow, and the location of each occurrence in the same cycle is different. It seems that if Thales made a prediction, it would be a fluke, because the total solar eclipse belt happened to fall on the battlefield between the two countries. Therefore, whether Thales can really predict the solar eclipse is still controversial. Some people think that Thales did make an accurate prediction, so he further thinks that ancient Greek science was born on May 28, 585 BC, or simply human science was born on May 28, 585 BC. Whether it is true or not, at least from this sentence, we can see that the understanding and successful prediction of solar and lunar eclipses are what an important event in human history! Legend five, knowing the sky and being fearless, ordered Li to predict the solar eclipse. In the Han Dynasty, China was able to make a rough prediction of solar and lunar eclipses. In the later dynasties, with the deepening of the understanding of the laws of the sun and the moon, the prediction of the solar eclipse became more and more accurate. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday in the history of China. Astronomical calendar science also made great progress in the Tang Dynasty, with summary or breakthrough achievements in calendars, observation instruments and astronomical records. Li is a strange man, proficient in astronomy, calendar and yin-yang theory. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the national calendar was Wuyin Yuan calendar. After careful study, 25-year-old Li found that the calendar was flawed, so he wrote to the court, pointed out many mistakes in the Five-Tone Yuan Calendar, and proposed a revision plan. Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin were very open-minded. He immediately sent someone to inspect it and found that what Li said was reasonable, so he adopted his seven suggestions. The compilation of China's traditional calendar is an extremely difficult knowledge, and most scholars dare not ask. However, Li was familiar with the calendar at a young age and naturally needed the appreciation of the emperor, so he was elected to the Taishi Museum. Due to his outstanding achievements, Li was appointed Tai Shicheng (equivalent to the director of the National Astronomical Observatory) in 64 1 and was promoted to Tai Shiling (equivalent to the Minister of Culture, Science and Technology) in 648. Li can not only point out many mistakes in the Five-Tone Yuan Calendar, but also take it as his duty to compile a new calendar. He integrated the advantages of many predecessors' calendars and incorporated his own new ideas, and finally compiled a brand-new calendar and dedicated it to the court. At that time, it was found that there was often obvious error in predicting future solar and lunar eclipses according to the five yin elements. On the other hand, Li is full of confidence in his new calendar. One year, according to Li's own calendar, there will be a solar eclipse on the first day of every month. However, there was no solar eclipse in the almanac issued by the court according to the old calendar, so he reported the exact time of the occurrence and end of the solar eclipse to the court. Since it was predicted by Tai Shicheng, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin had to ignore it, so on this day, he led all the officials to the front of the temple with a grain of salt, so that civil and military officials could prepare for the rescue ceremony. But Li said it was almost time, and the sun in the sky remained motionless. Li Shimin said unhappily, "Li, if the eclipse doesn't appear, you will be guilty of cheating the monarch!" " The crime of deceiving the monarch requires beheading, but Li said without fear, "Your Majesty, if there is no solar eclipse, I would like to die." Li Shimin waited for a while and couldn't wait. He said to Li, "I think you should go home quickly and say goodbye to your wife and children!" Don't let us wait in vain! " Li stuck a stick in the ground and the shadow was projected on the wall. He drew a mark on the shadow of the wall and said, "Look, my Lord. When the sun shines here, the eclipse will appear. " Sure enough, after a while, the sun in the sky began to be invaded by a black shadow. The time told him that it was not bad at all, so the officials bowed down and prayed, and the gongs and drums rang. At this time, Li wiped the cold sweat on his head and said to him, "My new calendar has done everything for the previous solar eclipse. Today, it verified the solar eclipse that just happened. Visible is extremely accurate. I hope that the Holy Family will issue a new calendar as soon as possible, so that know life will prosper and the country will be rich and strong. " From then on, I enjoyed Li's calendar very much. In the second year of Linde (AD 665), the court decided to use Li's calendar as the calendar and named it Linde calendar. This story can be found in The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties written by Liu Kui in the Tang Dynasty. It is precisely because of the precision of Li's calendar that he has this confidence and dares to take risks to predict this solar eclipse that was missed by his predecessors. Some people may ask: since it can be predicted, it means that people already know that this is a natural phenomenon, why should we hold a rescue ceremony? This reflects the relative stability and lag of feudal system and traditional consciousness while people's understanding is improving. In modern times, especially in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, this contradiction became more prominent. On the one hand, according to the traditional concept, the solar eclipse is an alarm from heaven, and the ruler must hold a ceremony to save it. On the other hand, astronomers have thoroughly understood the movements of the sun, the moon and the earth, and they have been able to accurately predict the solar eclipse, which shows that they have nothing to do with people on the ground. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, although there was still a huge celestial organization and the accuracy of calendars and astronomical instruments reached the highest level in history, the influence of celestial officials on politics was greatly reduced. Except that the promulgation of the calendar is still a royal event, the court's attention to astronomical phenomena is only symbolic. It is said that when the Qing emperor led hundreds of officials to hold a rescue ceremony for the solar eclipse, many officials hid behind and chatted. Qin's management was unprecedentedly lax, and even Tian Wensheng was lazy to observe the sky and the solar eclipse. Legend 6: For a long time in China's history, the "Zhongkang Eclipse", which made civil servants lose their heads, had special departments and personnel to observe the astronomical phenomena. Its purposes are: firstly, to understand the laws of the sun and the moon, and to make as accurate a calendar as possible to meet the needs of agricultural society in farming; The second reason is more complicated. The dominant thought of China in ancient times was the concept of "the unity of man and nature". This concept holds that "heaven" is a god with will and personality, and the emperor of heaven rules the world. In the course of his rule, the Emperor of Heaven often gave omens and warnings to the world through changes in astrology. Therefore, every generation of imperial court has a huge astronomical institution to monitor the changes of these astronomical phenomena day and night. As the media and messenger of the kings of the world, the civil servants in heaven have extraordinary status and prestige. Because the position of civil servants is very important, the court often has high expectations for civil servants, and civil servants always dare not slack off. In the Xia Dynasty, the fourth Wang Zhongkang era, the national situation had just recovered from the turmoil of the previous Taikang era, and there was a "resurgence" atmosphere inside and outside the imperial court. This year's golden autumn, Wan Li wheat waves rolling, clear sky Wan Li. Farmers are harvesting the fruits of a year's labor in the fields. At noon, people suddenly found that the radiant sun was hanging high in the sky, and the light was weakening a little bit, as if a dark monster was devouring the sun a little bit-this is "the dog eats the sun"! Faced with the sudden and dangerous astronomical phenomena, the people were in a state of panic, and they quickly gathered to knock on pots and gongs. According to their past experience, they can scare away the tengu. The imperial court and the emperor are most afraid of this phenomenon, because "dogs eat the sun" indicates that the country will have a disaster, which may endanger the status or life of the emperor. At that time, the imperial court had formed a set of "saving the grandson" ceremony. Whenever "dogs eat the sun", civil servants who monitor the astronomical phenomena will observe it at the first time and then report it to the court as soon as possible. Then the emperor immediately led the ministers to set up altars in front of the temple, burn incense and pray, contribute coins to the sky and recall the sun. But this time, time has passed for a long time. Everyone is watching the sun disappear a little, and endless night will cover the earth. All the civil and military officials and Zhong Kang Emperor gathered in front of the palace, but xi was not alone. Having missed the best rescue opportunity, Emperor Zhong Kang hastily presided over the rescue ceremony without much thought. Inside and outside the temple, it's hectic. The music officer in the palace hurriedly beat the drums to save the day. The officer in charge of coinage hurried to the money place to withdraw money. Other officials also ran around in a panic to arrange the ceremony. At this time, it was getting dark. Suddenly, the world suddenly fell into the night, and the figure was difficult to distinguish within a few steps. The sun was completely swallowed up by the dog. Emperor Zhong Kang led the officials to kneel on the ground and begged God's forgiveness again and again. At this moment, everyone was very scared, thinking that because there was no timely rescue, the sun might never come out, and the end of the Daxia Dynasty came. I don't know how long it took, just when people felt completely desperate, a little light appeared on the western edge of the sun, and the earth gradually brightened, exposing more and more solar plates. Tengu finally spit out the sun! Emperor Zhong Kang and other civil and military officials breathed a sigh of relief. "Dogs Eat the Sun" finally came to an end. At this time, Emperor Zhong Kang discovered that the civil servant had not appeared yet. After such a big accident, why don't we meet someone with great responsibility? Zhong Kang was so angry that he immediately sent someone to look for him. Several officers rushed to the observatory (astronomical observatory at that time) and finally found Xi He in the hut next to the observatory. The responsible civil servant is sleeping. When he asked his subordinates, he realized that he was still drunk after drinking all night yesterday. The officers dare not delay. They set up Xi He, stuffed him into the car and sent him to the palace. In the temple, xi, kneeling in front of the son of heaven, was still in chaos for a few minutes. When Zhong Kang asked about the situation, he realized that he had drunk too much to spoil the broth. He was furious and immediately ordered xi He to be beheaded. This story is recorded in the earliest compilation of historical documents in China, and it is the first book of China people, so it is called a book. The Han dynasty was called Shangshu, which means "the book of ancient times", and later became an important classic of Confucianism, also known as the Book of Books. Among them, "Andrew" said: "Zhong Kang is in the four seas, Yin Hou is in charge of the sixth division, why should he quit his post? Jueyi is short of wine ... It is the season of new moon and autumn, Chen Fu is gathering in the house, playing drums and being stingy, and Shu Ren is leaving. Xi He's body is a dead officer. He was unconscious in the sky to punish the former king. " "Jue" means "qi", and autumn is the third month of autumn-September in the summer calendar. "Chen" refers to the meeting of the sun and the moon, and the house is the house, that is, the beta and delta stars of Scorpio. "Chen Fu is concentrated in the house" and there is a problem when the house is combined with the new moon. At that time, the word "solar eclipse" probably didn't exist, so we had to describe it like this. You are a music official, a miser is an official in charge of money, and Shu Ren is the people. Musicians beat gongs and drums, beggars scrambled for coins, and people rushed to hold an eclipse rescue ceremony. The corpse, the supervisor and He's corpse are all vegetarians. We didn't know a major astronomical phenomenon and lost our lives. Although there is no word "solar eclipse", this record has long been proved to be an eclipse record, and it is the earliest record in China (perhaps the earliest record in the world). It is called "Book Eclipse" and "Zhong Kang Eclipse". According to modern astronomical methods, it may occur on 65438 BC +09665438 BC +00 BC 65438 BC +00 BC1October 26th. After reading this story, don't think it was dangerous to be a civil servant in ancient China. You'll lose your head if you say it. Any astronomer who drinks and neglects his duty is almost an unprecedented example. Because of their special status, the king is generally tolerant and polite to them, unlike other officials who are often beheaded at the noon gate. In later dynasties, civil servants were rarely beheaded except in a few cases in prison.