Four elements of improving snapshot and five elements of photography skills

Let's take a look at the four essentials of improving snapshots and the five elements of photography skills ~

Improve the four captured in the shooting? Essentials?

Good photography works are almost always obtained by snapping, and more and more movie friends are using snapping instead of posing. However, taking snapshots is not easy. Once the subject sees that your camera is aimed at him, he will avoid or lose his original expression, which will make the shooting fail. There are also exposure errors in a hurry, out of focus, hand shake, horizontal skew and so on. This will also be a regret. To improve the success rate of snapshots, we should pay attention to the following aspects.

I. Selection and familiarity of equipment

Handheld cameras and lenses, regardless of price, have their own advantages and disadvantages. In use, we should foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and give full play to their respective advantages as much as possible. For example, a medium telephoto lens has a small depth of field, which can blur the background and highlight the subject, or it may be blurred by out-of-focus conditions carelessly. In addition, the longer the lens, the more severe the jitter, which poses a threat to hand-held shooting. For cameras with aperture or speed priority, there may be inaccurate exposure during automatic exposure shooting, that is, the ambient brightness is darker than the main body and overexposed; The ambient brightness is brighter than the main body, and the exposure is insufficient. It is too late to correct when shooting with an elevator, so it is necessary to estimate the brightness of the subject and the environment before shooting, and deliberately increase or decrease the exposure. When using a large zoom lens, such as 28-200mmf 1: 3.5 ~ 5.6 lens, the actual aperture will change with the change of lens focal length. If you don't know much about this, you may make a shooting mistake by changing the focal length. The correct way is to use a variable aperture zoom lens, that is, to take into account the change of the actual aperture value and its impact, so as to make corresponding corrections.

There is no need to express the familiarity with the equipment. There's a saying? Practice makes perfect? Even the popular MF equipment can do it as long as it knows its performance like the back of its hand? Make up for it with diligence? Achieve the goal of rapid shooting.

Each photographer's economic conditions and subjects' hobbies are different, and the configuration of equipment should also be different. In my experience, standard small zoom? That is to say, the zoom lens within the range of 28-70mm is most suitable for snapshot, and it is more handy if the camera is equipped with aperture priority exposure mode.

Second, the choice of theme.

The themes of movies are mainly news and documentaries. In holiday parties, real events or social life, there is often a feeling that because the scene is huge and the characters are chaotic, I don't know what to shoot. Don't cover everything at this time, okay? I tried to shoot everything, but I couldn't shoot anything well. It is necessary to calmly analyze and think about the lighting conditions and shooting angles, and make judgments, and use the equipment at hand to choose the subject. If your camera is equipped with a wide angle, try to retake the big scene. If you are equipped with a title, don't think about the big scene and concentrate on shooting the good part. If you have a medium telephoto lens, focus on people. But even if you have all the shots, you can't be busy changing them. As a result, you can't grasp a moment well.

Third, be good at hiding yourself.

It is common for some film friends to wear photographers' associations when they go out to shoot. Our camera vest, carrying a camera bag, tripod and several cameras with long and short lenses, can be said to be fully armed, and the result is eye-catching. Master Bresson's? Invisible? Worth learning? Dressed in general, mixed in the crowd, only one camera is waiting for an opportunity to shoot, which can achieve unexpected results.

The author also deeply realized the advantages of general dress and simple equipment. Never wear a camera vest when you go out to shoot. You can only carry a small camera bag with two ends (you must bring a tripod). I decided in advance whether to shoot in color or black and white. Once I have made up my mind, I won't change. It's like burning your bridges and forcing yourself to use the equipment at hand wholeheartedly.

Fourth, near is better than far.

Robert, a war photographer who was blown up by a mine? Kappa has a famous saying: If you think your photos are not good enough, why don't you take them closer? . This is really worth learning. Close-up refers to the use of a lens with a shorter focal length to obtain greater depth of field and clarity and capture vivid and touching scenes.

Five factors to improve photography skills!

With the improvement of camera automation, such as automatic aperture, automatic collection, automatic white balance and automatic black balance, for most people who have not received any professional training, as long as the camera state is set to automatic state, they can generally take better photos. But if you want to shoot a professional TV picture, not everyone can do it. This paper introduces how to improve the shooting level of TV pictures from five aspects: white balance adjustment, aperture adjustment, shutter time setting and vertical scanning frequency adjustment, for the reference of colleagues.

First, white balance adjustment: As we all know, accurate white balance is the guarantee of realistic color reproduction of TV pictures. At present, both domestic cameras and professional cameras basically have automatic white balance and manual white balance. The conditions for using automatic white balance are: smooth light, monochromatic light and sufficient illumination brightness. Using the automatic white balance method, you can't shoot a picture with a certain tone atmosphere. For example, when you celebrate, the picture will have a reddish tone and you can't shoot the red atmosphere of sunset and sunrise. The following will be explained from the combination of three fields.

1. White balance adjustment under stage lighting

The stage lights are ever-changing and colorful. When shooting with automatic white balance, people will have color cast and color saturation. In this state, manual white balance must be used. The adjustment method is: manually adjust the white balance when the stage color is illuminated with light with a single color temperature (usually iodine tungsten lamp with a color temperature of 3200k) before the performance of the program. Besides manual white balance and automatic white balance, what are some cameras? Indoor? And then what? Outdoor? Two-speed mode, set the color temperature state to? Indoor? It's just files.

2. White balance adjustment in sunlight

Whether it is morning glow or sunset glow, the color temperature is very low, and the impression in people's minds is hongxia. But the photos taken by automatic white balance have no red atmosphere. At this time, you also need to manually adjust the white balance. The method is: put the white balance test card in the shadow, then manually adjust the white balance against it, and then shoot the glow. What are the camera color temperature modes? Outdoor? Files, you can still? Outdoor? Filming again

3. White balance adjustment when shooting TV screen

Replace the white balance test card with a white picture on the TV screen. To make the screen appear white for a long time (it is not realistic to play it on TV), you need to design it yourself. There are two ways. One is to use the white background color of the subtitle machine to make it more positive. When there is a TV subtitle machine, select the pure white picture in the subtitle machine, and send its video signal to the TV that is about to shoot the picture, so that the TV picture is white, and then manually control the white picture to balance at high speed. The second is to correct it with your own white picture. The method is as follows: under the single color temperature light source, in the automatic white balance mode, the camera records a picture against a pure white object (such as a white balance test card or white paper) for a few minutes, then makes a box of white balance test correction tape, then plays an image on the TV with this tape, and then manually adjusts the white balance against the TV screen with the camera.

The basic characteristics of manual white balance adjustment are: if the white balance is manually adjusted for objects with cool colors, the picture taken under the same light will be warm colors; If you are facing a warmer tone; If you manually adjust the white balance for a warmer object, the painted surface will be cool under the same light. For example, in order to add atmosphere to the festive scene and make the picture look warm (such as red), you can manually adjust the white balance of the camera against the blue paper under the same lighting conditions, and then shoot.

Second, aperture adjustment: the automatic aperture of the camera is also conditional: smooth, the subject receives light in a large area, which is the average exposure of the whole picture. Shooting under these conditions can take photos with more correct exposure. However, when the backlight or the subject only receives a small area of light and wants to take a clear photo of a small area (such as the face), it is necessary to manually take a photo with accurate exposure.

1. Adjustment of aperture under backlight shooting

Sometimes it is necessary to use backlighting or side backlighting in order to photograph the textures or veins of glittering and translucent objects (such as clothes and flowers). At this point, if the automatic aperture method is used. The operation method is as follows: first, aim the automatic aperture lens at the subject and see the aperture value (assuming F8), and then set the aperture mode to manual control. At the same time, gradually increase the aperture (generally increase the aperture by one or two levels, such as from F8 to F5.6 or F4) until the brightness of the subject is appropriate. For professional cameras, until zebra stripes just appear. Are some household or professional cameras high in energy? Backlight? How can the aperture exposure mode be high when shooting backlight objects? Backlight? Without artificially increasing the aperture.

2. Aperture adjustment when the contrast between the brightness of the subject and the ambient brightness is too large.

(1) High-brightness subject: When shooting stage programs, spotlights are usually used to highlight the host or announcer. In general, the camera is far away from the subject and can only shoot the middle scene or the whole scene. At this time, because the brightness of the subject (host or announcer) is too different from the brightness of the surrounding environment, if automatic aperture shooting is adopted, the subject (such as the host's face) will inevitably be overexposed and white without any level will appear. At this point, manual aperture must be used to reduce the aperture value. When adjusting, watch the viewfinder adjust until a rich picture appears.

(2) Low brightness of the subject: When people are in a bright background (such as white walls, snow, sky, etc.). ), the reflection of people's faces is too different from the background. In this case, the use of automatic aperture to shoot the mid-range or panoramic view will inevitably lead to the consequences of underexposure of the face. The specific manual adjustment method is the same as the adjustment method under the backlight condition above, so I won't go into details here.

Third, focus adjustment:

1. Adjustment of focal length of manual focusing lens

At present, most professional cameras are equipped with large zoom manual focusing lenses, while most home cameras are equipped with large zoom autofocus lenses. Both manual focusing lens and autofocus lens have their shooting skills. For example, when the camera position remains the same and the camera is shot by zooming to make the subject present a larger picture, the subject's picture is often the largest and blurred. The reason is simple, that is, focus-out condition. In order to overcome the disadvantage that the subject is not easy to focus after the lens is pushed up, we should adopt the method of first pushing the lens up to focus and then recording, and then pulling the lens out and then pushing it when shooting; Or estimate the object distance (the actual distance between the subject and the lens) in advance, and use zoom focusing method when shooting (this requires more senior photographers and is more efficient).

2. Adjustment of focal length of autofocus lens

The autofocus of autofocus lens has its own characteristics: the subject is on the lens axis, with a large area and no big foreground and background. If this condition is violated, the focus will be inaccurate. If you want to shoot an object with a clear foreground or a large background but a small subject, such as a lotus with several big lotus leaves in front, if you use autofocus, the focus will be on the lotus leaf in front of the lotus, and the lotus is not clear, so you need to use manual focusing (there are also manual focusing methods for autofocus lenses). When shooting in autofocus mode, you should also pay attention to the zoom speed (from wide angle to close-up) not too fast, otherwise the focus will not keep up with the zoom. The result is that the subject is pushed into the lens, and the picture is not clear at first, but it will be clear after a while.

Shutter time: The shutter time of the camera is manually controlled. By default, different machines have different shutter times, some are 1/50 seconds, some are 1/60 seconds or other. When the subject or camera does not move slowly, the subject photographed with the default shutter time is clear. However, when the subject or camera moves quickly, the object will be blurred when shooting with the default shutter time. At this time, it is necessary to adjust the shutter time of shooting. By adjusting the shutter time, the flicker phenomenon of the subject can also be reduced when shooting under fluorescent light. The shutter time of a camera is generally within 1/2000 seconds from the default time, and within 1/4000 seconds. When shooting, you need to adjust the shutter time according to the moving speed. For example, when shooting in a sports car, the shutter time can be set to 1/500 seconds, while when shooting in an airplane, the shutter time can be set to 1/2000 seconds. With the shortening of shutter time, the brightness of the picture will decrease. To keep the brightness of the picture unchanged, it is necessary to increase the aperture while changing the shutter time. Also note: after the shutter time is changed, it will not automatically return to the default value, and will remain until the next change. Therefore, after the shutter time is adjusted, it needs to be restored to the default value in time.

Adjustment of vertical scanning frequency of verb (abbreviation of verb): When shooting a screen (such as a computer monitor screen or a screen projected by a multimedia projector) with a camera, the vertical scanning frequency of the screen is different from that of the camera, and a black belt moving up and down will appear in the shot picture. In order to overcome this phenomenon, some household or professional cameras are equipped with the function of adjusting the vertical scanning speed of the picture. You can use this function to adjust the vertical scanning frequency of the camera to be the same as the scanning frequency of the screen to eliminate the black belt moving up and down. Generally, the screen of computer monitor cannot be eliminated ideally (because the vertical scanning frequency of the monitor is too fast, and some of them reach 85- 120Hz).

As the saying goes:? Does it have to be hard while the iron is hot? If you want to shoot a professional TV picture, you should not only be proficient in the operation of the other party's central camera, but also have a deep understanding of TV theory. The above five technologies are the summary of my long-term camera experience, and I hope to help you.