Why are site divers called "water ghosts"? Why do they bring a pair of scissors before they go down the well?

The next time the "water ghost" goes down the well, 20 thousand yuan will be in his own hands. If there is an accident, if he doesn't come up, he will pay 6.5438+0 million yuan to his family. Water ghosts never leave their bodies when they work, so what is this knife for?

When my uncle came to work in my home, he told me that he used to be a member of the "water ghost" industry, but now he has changed jobs. I asked him why he gave up this well-paid job, and he said that water ghosts are not easy to do, and most people can't bear hardships.

"Water Ghost" is just a title, which actually refers to underwater workers, while the "Water Ghost" we often discuss refers to engineering divers fishing for drill bits at the construction site.

So some people may think that there should be no threshold for being a water ghost. In fact, you may think that only people forced by life will engage in the profession of water ghosts, just like migrant workers' friends.

But "water ghost" is also a high-tech occupation, and it must be certified. Certificates can be divided into primary and advanced. A well depth of15m is primary, and it is advanced if it exceeds 20m. So there is a threshold for being a water ghost.

Someone once said that water ghosts are all "father and son soldiers". When the son goes down the well, the father drags a steel rope on the well to reassure the people who go down. Because going underground is opaque and dangerous, the life of the person who goes underground is in the hands of the rope lifter, so both sides must trust each other the most.

So is it really a "father and son soldier" at the construction site? This situation may exist, but now water ghosts are all managed by companies, so they can play as long as they have work permits, so father-son soldiers are not a common phenomenon. To say the least, the rope bearer above also attaches great importance to his companions. Who would joke about the safety of colleagues?

At first, when the piling bit fell into the well, people also tried to salvage it directly with tools, but it was useless.

When drilling holes in the construction site, the end of the pile driver is a hard drill bit, which drills into the ground through rotation. The underground environment is particularly unknown, and it is bound to drill into hard strata, so the pile driver bit may fall off and fall into the well.

The depth of the well is shallow, so it can be hooked down with a hook, and it is also possible to hook the drill bit with a powerful electromagnet. But if the depth of the well is very deep, such as drilling more than 20 meters, it is difficult to find the falling bit, and the hook and magnet are useless.

Then some people may say, forget it if the drill bit falls, and don't want it. In fact, this is impossible, because the construction and supervision parties in the early stage have carried out careful design and drawings before choosing this breakthrough point.

If the pile site is abandoned because of a drill bit, all kinds of process approval will affect the progress of the project and increase the time and economic cost. And don't look down on the drill. There are many drills worth hundreds of thousands of yuan on the construction site. If you abandon the drill, you will lose money.

Therefore, after comparison, the profession of water ghost came into being. For the construction party, compared with the process approval and bit cost, it costs nine Niu Yi cents to invite the Water Ghost to work. For water ghosts, the salary is high enough and attractive.

As mentioned earlier, water ghosts are certified to work, and they have to go through a lot of training before they go on duty. After all, this occupation is a high-risk occupation.

Therefore, as a water ghost, professional knowledge and skills are essential. They should not only master the operation essentials of getting things in and out of the well, but also learn to protect themselves and master the ability to deal with emergencies.

In addition, water ghosts must have a strong psychological quality and psychological endurance, because there are many risk factors and high risk factors in this job, and every time they go down the well, they are "desperate".

And the underground environment is dark and opaque. Most importantly, in this invisible environment, there are only workers, and this sense of loneliness is very strong. Therefore, the water ghost has a strong heart to calmly face all kinds of emergencies, such as landslides and broken clothes.

Therefore, only the water ghost can complete the arduous task of letting the drill bit go down the well.

The working process of water ghosts sounds simple. First, they dive into the well, then find the drill bit and fix it with a rope, and finally pull it up.

Of course, some preparations before entering the well are essential. Wear diving suit, special protective mask, walkie-talkie and oxygen tube.

Of course, there are also rumors that water ghosts need to bring one more thing, that is, knives. They even gave different reasons, saying that if the water ghost couldn't get up in an emergency, he would cut off the oxygen pipe himself, which would also reduce his painful time.

In fact, this is just a bluff. This kind of oxygen pipe cutting will not happen. The main function of this kind of knife is to cut off the obstacles around itself and play the role of passage for itself. And if the water ghost is really in danger, Inoue's partners will try their best to rescue it.

When everything is ready, we will go down. The well is not all water, but basically sticky mud. So there is nothing to see in it, and the water ghosts are all groping for their jobs. This process depends entirely on their feelings and experience, which shows that this job is not easy.

Of course, the water ghost is not just a person. The people in the underground and the people in the well form a system, which communicates the real-time situation through the walkie-talkie. People in the well are dispatching, while people in the well are operating.

As for the reward of water ghosts, if you successfully take out the drill bit and complete the task, you can get several thousand to twenty thousand yuan at a time. Of course, the price is also related to the depth. The deeper, the more expensive. If it reaches 20 meters, it will basically cost 10 thousand yuan. If the depth breaks 100 meter, it is not a problem to exceed 20,000 yuan.

To be a water ghost, the first thing you have to do is physical strength. Generally, the depth of a well will approach or even exceed 20 meters. In addition to the weight of the equipment worn on the body, the mud in the well is also very viscous.

It takes a lot of effort just to go up and down the well, let alone find a fixed bit underground. These operations are more labor-intensive. Therefore, it is very dangerous if you are short of physical strength.

In addition, the equipment you wear can't guarantee that 100% is ok. In the complicated underground environment, the oxygen pipes, diving suits and ropes on the body are likely to encounter sharp objects, which is at risk of rupture. Water and sand in the well will flood in and the workers' actions will be blocked.

Moreover, once the oxygen pipe leaks, people underground will lose consciousness in a short time. If people in the well don't find it in time, people in the well will be in danger.

And the most dangerous situation. Once this happens, people in the well will be hard to escape. This situation is a landslide. Of course, if the previous detection, investigation, shaft lining fixation and other work are all right, this situation will basically not happen.

Of course, any dangerous work can't guarantee that accidents won't happen. It's the same reason that you often walk along the river without wet shoes. The only thing that personnel engaged in underground operations can do is to strengthen their professional knowledge and skills, take safety measures, do not miss any link, and prevent delays.

My great-uncle is over 500 years old, so he stopped doing this job and began to pursue stability. After all, this job is difficult and dangerous. If you don't feel suitable, such as exhaustion, you have to give up this job.

When the drill bit falls, it must be fished out, and the mud cannot be drained, otherwise it will collapse. The "water ghost on the construction site" can be said to be the best person to salvage the drill bit on the construction site.

Although there are many dangers, "if they don't have a thousand pounds on them, who will bet their lives on tomorrow?" Pay tribute to every underwater worker and every migrant worker. After all, they are also the backbone and pillar of a family.

Every field drilling is the best design location. In many cases, when drilling, the drill bit falls off or gets stuck below and needs to be salvaged. Otherwise, the drill bit gets stuck below, and the subsequent construction can't continue, which will affect the whole project and cause huge losses. No one can afford such a loss. Because there is a drill, the drill must be salvaged.

Some people say why not use a huge magnet to suck it up, so that people don't have to go down and risk fishing. Although the idea is good, it is unrealistic and not particularly practical in reality, because the depth of the well is limited and there is a lot of mud, which will affect the effect. Secondly, in many cases, only part of the alloy breaks off, so it is impossible to use strong magnetic force at all. If there is iron in the falling part, we can try fishing with it.

In general, other methods have failed. For example, use your own wire rope hook, such as strong magnetic attraction. It doesn't work, and then you will use the most dangerous scheme, which is to spend money to find someone to salvage it. This kind of person is actually called a water ghost, which is also a professional salvage team. Being a professional team enterprise, not everyone can do it. The work is dangerous and requires professional training and team equipment to ensure that you are certified.

Because all the drilling is mud, the vision below basically has no influence, and it depends entirely on experience and safety technology. In addition, the construction team also learned about the structural depth of the borehole, the fracture situation and position of the drill bit and other information. These must be fully understood before going down. Under normal circumstances, many professionals will carry a knife with them.

In the case of full armed, diving protective clothing, oxygen tube safety rope, etc. Must be available. Many times divers will take a knife when they dive. These are still very common in the diving industry. Why do you need a knife when you go into the water? Because underwater and underground are potentially dangerous, carrying a knife is actually to get away, that is, to protect your personal safety and get out of danger.

Because many times, in a complicated situation, no one knows what will happen. Many times, in the process of diving or coming up, some people will wrap their trachea or safety rope around something, which will make the diver unable to leave. At this time, the knife is very important. You can cut off the twisted part and let them come back before they can't hold on, which can save their lives.

That's why you go into the water with a knife, even if you go down the well, it's almost the same, but not everyone does. Some don't take it off, some carry it with them. I can't see the underground situation, so I can only touch the work with my hands. It is true that both the oxygen tube and the safety rope may be twisted off when you can't see them at all, and it is difficult to untie them accurately when the line of sight is blocked, so the most effective method is of course to cut and try to return when you can't hold on.

The so-called water ghosts are people who go down to the mud to fish for things, usually fishing for drill bits. They wore heavy diving suits and went down into the mud dozens of meters deep.

In the water, grope for the drill bit, tie the steel cable to the drill bit, and then lift it with a crane. At the same time, a partner is needed to pull the rope on the water to ensure oxygen supply and pressure.

Water ghosts should be commonly known in the industry.

Under normal circumstances, divers go down to the construction site to fish for drill bits. This kind of work is extremely dangerous. You earn 30 thousand when you come up, and 880 thousand when you don't. Usually husband and wife or father and son do it together. Outsiders can't trust you!

There is a little joke on the internet that ridicules the "water ghost on the construction site": take 10 thousand, but not 1 million.

Although it sounds tempting, it is frightening to think about it.

What kind of occupation is the water ghost on the construction site?

And generally these people's protective tools are very simple, and most of them only have masks and a piece of protective armor.

The next time is to fight death, which is also the reason for the high salary.

Every time they go into the water, they are on the verge of life and death. They risked their lives to make money.

16 I saw it once when I was repairing the subway in Shenzhen. I remember that the rotary drilling rig was used to drill holes to form piles, and the pile diameter was1.2m.. After the night shift operator went to work, he began to work without carefully checking the mechanical condition. Then the wire rope broke and the whole drill pipe fell in. The operator escaped overnight.

At that time, I asked the rig owner that a drill pipe might cost more than 300 thousand because it was too strong.

It's not realistic to hammer it off with an impact drill, so I found a water ghost to catch it, and it will cost 20 thousand to hang the wire rope next time.

After hanging, the two cranes are hoisted together. After a long time, the hole began to collapse, and the mud stuck the drill pipe, and the wire rope was broken without pulling it out.

Two more steel ropes were installed in the second trip, but they were still broken. On the third trip, the water ghost was afraid, because there were too many collapses, so there was still a lot of information. They know very well what kind of holes can be made and what kind of holes cannot be made. After all, they risk their lives to make money, and no one wants to take too much risk.

Later, because the drill pipe could not be fished out, the design had to be changed. Two piles were added on both sides, and the design change cost was more than 200 thousand. Two more piles, 200 thousand. With the money of the drill pipe, the owner of the rig alone paid 700,000 to 800,000 yuan.

This job is licensed and belongs to a formal and qualified company. Although it is indeed a high-risk industry, it has a good income, and it needs to specialize in this major at school, or be specially trained, with good psychological quality and various risk assessment skills. Comparatively speaking, divers earn much more money than ordinary jobs with the same risk level, because their threshold is higher than ordinary jobs, but safety protection measures are in place, and they must be more careful when operating in strict accordance with norms and procedures.

The purpose of injecting thick mud into the hole of pile foundation is to protect the hole wall and prevent hole collapse, rather than injecting cold water to cool the drill bit. Injecting water into the hole will reduce the mud density and cause hole collapse. Divers have to wear protective clothing, breathing masks and a lot of heavy objects, so it's hard to sink!

This job is risky, but the salary is high and the professional ability is also very demanding. It is suggested that if you have not received professional training, please don't try it easily.

A potential death, a potential wealth. Scissors are used to cut oxygen pipes, right?

It is especially useful for divers on site to carry a pair of scissors or a knife before going into the well. Zhu is a professional water ghost on the construction site. It can be seen from his story that water ghosts are not easy. He is from Shandong, and he is a big man. Facing the camera, he talked with Kan Kan. Zhu said: Everyone in the industry knows that water ghosts make money with their lives. If they go down, they will get 20 thousand, but if they go down, they won't get 1 10 thousand. Water ghosts are all people when they wake up, but they are all ghosts when they don't.

In the documentary "I am not a water ghost", there was a thrilling scene from the beginning. A Ju, wearing a diving suit and a thick mask, sneaked into a cofferdam pool on a construction site. I saw him jump into the water, and there were blisters in the water. People on the ground quickly loosened the trachea. Suddenly, the trachea stopped sliding, and the people on the ground ran anxiously and asked, What's the matter?

A voice came from the intercom: I can't hold on any longer. People on the ground quickly ran to the pool to pull the pipe up, and people under the water quickly surfaced. When they came up, they were out of breath and said, I can't hold on. After he landed, the people in the same trade quickly helped him untie the mask, and he breathed a long sigh of relief. Such scenes often appear in Arju's work experience.

He said: going into the water is risky. I work hard and naturally value money. It is often used on the construction site, because if it is not used, the loss of the construction site is too great and the risk of use is also great. Under the balance of the two, the site still chooses to ask divers to solve the problem when there is a situation.

Zhu said: In their line of work, even the insurance company will not insure them, because the risk factor is too high, and people have accidents every year, which is basically a loss-making business. So they can only sign a contract with their work units. For the sake of livelihood, for the elderly and children at home, and for their food and clothing, these poor divers can only do the most dangerous work with their lives.

Water ghost is not a real ghost, but a synonym for a profession, and its professional name is engineering diver. Specially solve some complicated situations encountered in site construction.

We know that big projects need bricklaying and drilling, and bridges, highways and high-rise buildings need piling. If you encounter complex geology, the piling bit is easy to fall off or get stuck. At this time, the progress of the project will be blocked and the project will be at a loss.

Because there are two problems in engineering: the drill bit will not be fished out. The loss may reach hundreds of thousands or millions because the drill bit is expensive. Secondly, if the hole is abandoned halfway, the drawings of the project may have to be revised. You know, projects are built according to drawings. If a hole is broken, it will affect the progress, route and safety of the whole project, and sometimes it will affect the whole body. This price is really too high.

So at the moment when the drill bit falls, the engineer will try to put a hook and try to hook the drill bit. If many efforts fail, he can only ask the on-site diver to dive underwater, tie the wire rope to the drill bit, and then pull the drill bit up with a winch.

However, it is not always possible to successfully fish out bricks. At this time, the water ghosts on the construction site will be invited to salvage under the mud.

Water Ghost One is a strong young man. After receiving the task, they talked with the engineering party. After understanding the basic situation, they put on black diving suits, thick masks and fixed rings on their shoulders. The diving suits were connected with oxygen pipes and communication cables. When they were ready, they plopped into the muddy mud.

People quickly disappeared into the mud, leaving only traces of turbulent water. Some foundation pits are less than two meters in diameter and tens of meters deep, and they are all muddy. We know that mud is opaque, and only divers know that the world is dark and cold.

Water ghosts should dive slowly. As the distance increases, the pressure on them is getting bigger and bigger. They are often short of breath. Many times, the drill bit falls into the base hole tens of meters deep. In that deep place, water ghosts will feel chest tightness.

If there is no debris in the base hole, their dive will be smooth and their trachea will not be entangled. They take a break every ten meters, rest for about five minutes, and then continue to walk down. After more than half an hour, they communicated with the above through the walkie-talkie and said that they had touched the drill.

In the deep mud, they laboriously fixed the fixed ring they carried on the drill bit, then connected the wire rope with the submersible, and reflected this situation to the people on the ground through wired communication.

Then the people above began to pull the rope, which was not fast. Usually they stop for a while every few meters, and it takes about half an hour to float up from the foundation pit tens of meters below. Because the buoyancy of silt is relatively small, the speed of pulling the rope should not be too fast at this time. If the water ghost is dragged out of the deep water area, it is likely to cause its disability or death.

When they surfaced, the people above immediately washed the mud off their bodies with clear water, and then helped them to take off their heavy diving suits, so that the water ghosts and their companions could get a reward of 20,000 yuan.

The main problem is the gas carried by water ghosts. Now we think that the gas on the diver's back must be oxygen, so that it can be used for human breathing. In fact, this is a wrong cognition.

If the diving depth is about eight meters, it is ok to carry oxygen on your back, because the distance is short and the oxygen you carry can meet the needs of your body in a short time. More importantly, the distance is short, the pressure is not big, and the oxygen changes little. The diver's life will not be threatened.

If the diving depth reaches 20 to 30 meters, the gas on the diver's back is compressed air, mainly composed of nitrogen and oxygen, and the ratio of the two is 79:2 1. Only well-trained divers can use high-oxygen air. Even so, the proportion of oxygen should not exceed 32%.

If the diving depth is low, the oxygen concentration must be lower than 2 1%. When the diving depth exceeds 30 meters, the diver must add helium to the gas, that is to say, the gas he carries is mainly composed of helium, oxygen and nitrogen, of which helium and oxygen account for 30% and the remaining 40% is nitrogen.

This is because the influence of gases under different pressures on human body will change. Generally speaking, there is an atmospheric pressure on land. Every ten meters into the water, the pressure increases by one atmosphere. In other words, if you dive 40 meters underwater, the pressure on the diver will be 4 atmospheres.

The main components of air are oxygen and nitrogen, which will cause different harm to human body under different pressures. At four atmospheres, a small amount of nitrogen will do harm to human body, divers will get drunk because of nitrogen, and people will be dizzy, slow to respond and lose their judgment.

If it is pure oxygen, under high pressure, the harm of oxygen to human body is mainly reflected in the nervous system and lungs, which will cause oxygen poisoning. Although everyone's condition is different, if nitrogen enters the cell membrane of nerve cells, the transmission function of the nervous system will fail.

In fact, it is not only nitrogen that will have intoxicating effect, but all gases except helium will have intoxicating effect. This is why helium must be added to the gas carried by deep diving. It's just that helium is very expensive, and a bottle of gas with helium will reach several hundred dollars.

Therefore, if the water ghost dives into a deep foundation pit, it is impossible to float up at once. He must slowly float up by the buoyancy of the mud in the foundation hole, and in the process, let his body gradually adapt to different air pressures. Minimize the side effects and avoid the occurrence of diving diseases.

And why do divers bring scissors or knives before going down the well?

This is to prevent unexpected needs, and when danger occurs, rescue can be carried out. The situation in the bottom hole is very complicated. Sometimes there are plants or ropes, and divers can't see clearly when diving. Knives or scissors will come in handy if plants are entangled in windpipes or safety ropes.

Of course, some people say that this knife cuts the trachea when the water ghost can't save himself. There are two possibilities, the diver can't get up, and it is very likely that the bottom hole collapsed. We know that the deeper the foundation hole goes, the unprotected wall of the hole, and the activities of people in the foundation hole are likely to lead to the collapse of the foundation hole. At this time, the diver will be buried at the bottom of the cave.

When a person is buried, it is not easy to get up. If it takes too long, divers are likely to get drunk with nitrogen. At this time, the diver's consciousness begins to be confused, and he will do some irrational behaviors, such as cutting the trachea.

Another possibility is that the diver knows that he can't live any longer and doesn't want to increase the pressure on the staff above, so he simply cuts off the trachea and buries it. This is a very helpless and tragic behavior. As we have said, the man above can't pull him up because he is too fast, which will also cause harm. And if the foundation hole collapses, it can't be pulled up, and you can only watch the water ghost buried deep in the foundation hole.

Fortunately, the probability of this happening is not high. Most of these water ghosts are professionally trained. If they find that they really can't carry the drill, they will choose to float, then try to dive and salvage through repeated efforts.

1, passed the training examination, and worked with certificates. These water ghosts are professional engineering divers with diving certificates issued by ssi, ADS and other institutions. These certificates have reached more than one star.

There are several levels of certificates. The primary certificate can dive to the water depth of 18 meters, and the advanced certificate can dive to 24 meters.

2, can bear hardships and stand hard work. The working environment of water ghosts is very bad and full of danger. They are not only involved in the bit salvage of highway viaducts, but also responsible for underwater maintenance and underwater engineering operations.

As long as there is a situation on the construction site, we need their help. The underwater world is dark, scary and full of danger. Although they only work for an hour or two, they often get into trouble during these two hours. They should bear hardships and learn to persist.

You need to join a diving business company with deep qualifications. Amateur divers are afraid to use the construction site, because the risk is too great and there is no insurance guarantee, so these water ghosts need to work in diving business companies, and enterprises will buy all insurance for these people. These people will also receive regular training to test their physical and psychological qualities.

4. Have strong physical and psychological qualities. It can be said that water ghost is a youthful and energetic activity, and it is no longer suitable for this profession after 40 years old, because at that time, people's physical function declined, even if they have strong psychology.

As for the salary of water ghosts, the guaranteed salary is about 4000 to 6000 yuan per month. Every time there is a task, it is to make up the salary, about 20,000 to 50,000 at a time. At the beginning of the article, Aju said that she can get 200,000 to 300,000 yuan a year.

Conclusion:

Water ghosts are a profession that races against death. Although it is dangerous, there are still some young people who are willing to choose this career for their lives. Most of these people were born in families with average family income. They have to take care of the safety of the elderly and children. So, anyway, let's keep our respect for them. No matter how calm the years are, there will always be someone to carry the burden for us. We hope all water ghosts don't get 654.38+0 million.