What is the history of Sony?

Dongtonggong times

Sony Center in Potsdam Square, Berlin, Germany

1945, after World War II, Tokyo, the capital of Japan, was in ruins. Masaru Ibuka established the "Tokyo Communication Research Institute" in the warehouse of department stores in Japan Bridge area of Tokyo. Akio Morita joined * * Co., Ltd. at the invitation of Ibrahimovic Ka Ya, and the company obtained 6,543,809 yen from Shengtian Liquor Industry. 1946 formally established "Tokyo Communication Industry Co., Ltd." and moved to Yudianshan, Shinagawa District.

In "Letter of Intent for Establishment" (Japanese original: Letter of Intent for Establishment), Ibuka is expecting to "give full play to the skills of diligent and serious technicians and build an ideal factory that is free, open-minded and relaxed" and become an "engineer's paradise".

In the early days, the business could not grow steadily. Until 10 years later, 1956, the transistor technology that was not optimistic at that time was developed, and the world's first transistor radio "TR-55" was successfully developed, and the company's operation was finally getting better and better.

Telilong technology

During the 1950 s, Sony's black and white TV sales were good, but its technical competitiveness was not outstanding, and the quality of the color TV produced afterwards was not ideal, which led to huge losses and even the company was on the verge of bankruptcy. 1967, Sony announced that Masaru Ibuka had personally participated in the development of Teletron CRT technology, which made Sony TV sell well all over the world, and Akio Morita's huge development debt borrowed from the Japanese Development Bank was paid off within three years.

swift growth

Betamax lost

Sony's HDV product: Sony HVR-S270U

1970, Sony, JVC and Panasonic * * * released the U-Matic tape recording system, which officially kicked off the competition of video tape specifications in the future. On April 1975, Sony released the world's first SL-300 with Betamax specification for the people's livelihood market, and Gensonnie became a global consumer electronic imaging manufacturer in one fell swoop.

Japanese JVC released the VHS specification, 1976, and Kōnosuke Matsushita also decided to join the VHS camp. In the competition of video recording between Betamax and VHS, VHS has expanded the market at three times the speed of Betamax, because VHS has improved Betamax's biggest weakness (the recording time is only 1 hour) and Betamax is unwilling to open the specification license.

Sony camera

Sony insists on using Betamax against VHS alliance, and the specifications of Betamax are made public all over the world. Finally, the 14-year-old dispute over norms finally ended with 1988 Sony resolutely joining the VHS camp and Betamax completely withdrew from the market. Technically, the Beta format is far stronger than the VHS format, but Panasonic has won the support of many manufacturers through flexible licensing operations, thus dominating the civilian market. Betamax format has entered the professional field by virtue of its technical advantages and has become the leading standard in the field of professional broadcasting and video. Today, many broadcast video standards are based on this.

Walkman

1in March, 979, at the request of Ibrahimovic, the audio department changed the small tape recorder "Pressman" used by reporters into a smaller tape recorder. After being praised by many people for its good sound quality, under the leadership of Akio Morita, Sony launched Walkman in July of 1979, and Akio Morita positioned Walkman in the youth market. It also emphasizes youth, vigor and fashion, and creates earphone culture. 1980 began to sell globally, and 1980 10 began to use the nonstandard Japanese English brand "Walkman" globally. Until 1998, the "Walkman" has been. Akio Morita was awarded the British Jazz in June 1992. The headline of the British media was: Get up, Sony Walkman Jazz.

Develop and expand

Acquisition of Colombian films

After Sony's fiasco in the competition between Betamax and VHS video recording, Akio Morita thinks it is necessary to combine the most advanced hardware with the most advanced content in order to grasp the market. 1On September 25th, 989, under the leadership of Akio Morita, Sony successively acquired the film and music department of CBS, making it a subsidiary of SPE.

Under the background of time and space at that time, Japan's economy grew substantially, laying the foundation for the world's second largest economy.

Sony Qrio robot

Status, while the American economy is as sluggish as it goes downhill; Because Japan lost to the United States in World War II, many Japanese companies bought American companies for national pride, but many American companies were unable to fight back.

Among them, Mitsubishi bought Rockefeller Center, a landmark in new york, for $6 billion, and Sony bought Colombian Samsung Film Company for $6 billion, which set the largest overseas merger case in Japan at that time and was regarded by Americans as Japan's invasion of the United States.

However, this acquisition with the highest amount in Japanese history also made Gensonnie once the company with the highest loss in Japanese history. 1At the end of the 1980s, a bubble economy crisis broke out in Japan, and Sony's film business group suffered losses for several years because of its poor box office, which became the main obstacle to Sony's profit at that time. Until 1997, howard stringer led the reform and gradually made profits. In 2004 1 1, it acquired the long-established MGM film company.

PlayStation

Sony PSP

Due to the success of the red and white Nintendo console produced by Nintendo, Sony announced in 1988 that it would cooperate with Nintendo to jointly develop the Super Nintendo CD-ROM console.

1May, 992, under the betrayal of Nintendo, Kudo Mujian went all out to develop a new generation of game consoles, and Jing Daole Dianxiong strongly agreed with Kudo Mujian's game console development plan among many opposing voices. Starting from 1993, Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE) was established by Sony Music Japan, a subsidiary of Sony, with the plan code named.

199465438+February 3, SCE launched PlayStation(PS) and PlayStation 2(PS2) on March 4, 2000, and PlayStation Portable(PSP) on February 65438+2, 2004. PlayStation 3(PS3) was launched on June 1 65438+1October1day, and PlayStation Vita(PSVITA) was launched on February 1 1 day. 2013165438+1October15playstation4 (launched by PS4. By 201March 3 12, the sales volume of PlayStation series TV game consoles exceeded 423 million, including PS 654.38+04.25 million, PS 2654.38+055.8 million, PSP 7630 million and PS3 6485 million. PlayStation has become the second largest video game machine after Walkman.

Digital dream children

1on March 22nd, 995, Sony 1995 announced the appointment of a little-known Idei Nobuyuki as the president, which triggered the media reporter "Who is out of the well?" Question, 1 995 April1took office, which also opened the digital dream era of 10 in Idei Nobuyuki. Since 1995 took office, in the internal reform of the company, Idei Nobuyuki introduced the model of American board of directors, greatly reducing the number of members of the original internal board of directors and increasing the number of external directors. In the company's positioning and business philosophy, it puts forward new visions for Sony, such as "numbers, dreams, children", "Do you have dreams in Sony" and "ubiquitous value network". Idei Nobuyuki believes that Sony sells personal experience, and the reason for our existence is to create human desires and provide a dream.

Sony Cyber Digital Camera HX200V

He concluded that Sony sells personal experiences, movies, VAIO, PlayStation, Walkman and so on. They are not necessary to sustain human life. The reason for our existence is to create people's desires, enter their lives and provide a dream. In order to achieve this goal, we must keep a childlike innocence full of curiosity and joy and give people a carefree and happy life like a child. "

"If we don't develop a new business model, Sony will become a component supplier for network operators. Sony's new product should be a fusion of entertainment, electronics and emotion. "

Incorporate digitalization and networking in the four fields of electronics, games, entertainment and finance. After 1996, Sony successively launched digital products such as CyberShot digital camera, VAIO notebook computer and Clie PDA. , and achieved unprecedented success in the market. However, in the original film business group with extremely poor income, howard stringer, a media person, was recruited, and his business gradually improved under his reform, followed by popular films such as Spider-Man, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and so on. The entertainment business group has become an important source of profit for Sony. In the 2000 financial report released in April of 20001,Sony achieved the highest profit of $2.5 billion since its establishment by relying on the sales of PlayStation 2.

Face a crisis

The world's first walkman product: Sony TPS-L2

PlayStation game console defeated competitor Nintendo and forced SEGA (Sega) away. Digital cameras led traditional camera brands, image receiving chips monopolized the market, and VAIO series personal computers sold well. However, since 200 1, the global economy has declined and the network bubble has emerged. Since the release of 1994, PlayStation has not released original products for 10 years. In the electronic field itself, because the walkman does not support MP3 format, Apple's iPod digital walkman is selling well all over the world, replacing the original position of the walkman.

WEGA, which is proud of Telilon technology, independently developed high-definition video technology, misjudged the development of LCD TV, and made Sharp and [4] Samsung with LCD technology occupy the leading position in TV video ... A series of decision-making mistakes and the continuous price reduction of electronic products made Sony achieve unprecedented success in 2000, but it was seriously frustrated in 2002.

In April 2003, Sony released the financial statements for fiscal year 2002. After the news of the company's huge losses was disclosed, the Sony crisis began to surface, causing Sony to shake. Sony's share price fell by 25% for two consecutive days, and induced high-tech stocks in Japanese stock market to dive one after another, which led to a sharp drop in the Nikkei index and shook the Japanese stock market. The shares of high-tech companies have been sold off one after another. Idei Nobuyuki was criticized for dreaming for too long, and the voice of doing nothing kept appearing. He was voted as the most successful CEO in the past, and he was once reduced to the worst CEO. June, 5438+February, 2003, Idei Nobuyuki explained that the Internet was like a meteorite falling and dinosaurs were extinct, so Sony was caught in such a crisis. In the same month, the "Transformation 60" reform plan was also released, and it is estimated that the surplus of the electronic sector will reach 10% within three years.

Medium term and future

Sony's first Cyber-shot camera: DSC-F 1

At the International Consumer Electronics Show in 2006, Sony announced the strategy related to the future development of entertainment business: focusing on the four pillar businesses of high-definition field, digital cinema, games and electronic entertainment, so as to strengthen its position as an all-round entertainment service company.

From June 65438+1 October1day, 2006, Sony Group will adjust the person in charge of electronic business to strengthen the medium and long-term development strategy, further support its core business and focus on product development and product quality. R&D and all new business functions will be concentrated in Sony headquarters, directly led by Ch ū bachiry? ji.

In 2008, Sony was selected as the "No.1 Brand with Buyer Satisfaction in China" compiled by the World Brand Value Laboratory, ranking 12.

After Kazuo Hirai 20 12 took office, he listed the mobile device business, digital image business and game business as the core business of Sony's electronic business, and tried to reverse the TV business and actively develop new business. At the same time, it puts forward a Sony strategy to gather the strength of the whole group.

2013 On April 6/KLOC-0, Sony announced that it had established an endoscope research and development company with medical device manufacturer Olympus, and would formally join the medical device industry [5].