Who invented the first postcard in the world?

Postcards have been published 130 years. According to historical records, one day in June of 1865, 10, a German painter drew a very beautiful picture on cardboard and prepared to give it to a friend as a wedding souvenir. But when he mailed it to the post office, the envelope sold by the post office could not hold the photo. When the painter was in a dilemma, a postal clerk suggested that the painter write the address and name of the recipient on the back of the painting and then send it. Sure enough, the "picture" without an envelope was sent to a friend like a letter. In this way, the world's first self-made "postcard" was quietly born. From this perspective, postcards are the invention of artists and postal workers. In the same year1Oct. 30 165438+ At a congress of the German Postal Federation, it was suggested that for the convenience of writing letters, a letter that does not need to be sealed can be used. However, this proposal was not adopted because the delegates had different opinions.

1869, an Austrian doctor published an article suggesting that postcards should be developed and listed as printed mail to reduce the postage price. The Austrian postal service adopted his suggestion. In the same year, 10, 1, postcards were officially issued in Vienna post office. Therefore, Austria became the first country in the world to issue postcards.

Postcards are very popular because they are easy to use and cheap in postage. Austria mailed more than 3 million postcards in just three months. The German postal service was shocked and regretted after hearing the news, and officially issued postcards on July 1870. Then, postcards from Britain, America, France, Switzerland and other countries came out one after another. (Germany) an opaque box. This is a camera. A camera is a photographic equipment that uses photographic film to shoot a scene. Its invention took a long time.

China has a long history in studying light and images. As early as more than 400 years BC, China's book Mo Jing recorded in detail the straight-line advance of light, the reflection of light and the imaging phenomena of plane mirror, concave mirror and convex mirror. In the Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan (103 1 to 1095) also described the principle of pinhole imaging box in detail.

/kloc-During the Renaissance in the 6th century, an "imaging camera box" for painting appeared in Europe.

1839 On August 9th, the French painter Daguerre announced his invention of silver plate photography, which gave birth to the world's first portable wooden box camera.

184 1 year, optician Vogeland invented the first all-metal camera. The camera is equipped with the world's first photographic lens with the maximum phase aperture of 1: 3.4 designed by mathematical calculation.

1845, German von Martens invented the world's first 150 turning point. 1849, Davie-Blue Scott invented a stereo camera and a two-lens stereo observation mirror. 186 1 year, physicist Maxwell invented the world's first color photo.

1866, German chemist Short and optical scientist Arjun invented barium crown optical glass in Zeiss Company and produced positive photographic lens, which made the design and manufacture of photographic lens develop rapidly. 1888 Kodak company produced a new type of photosensitive material-soft and windable "film". This is a leap in photosensitive materials. In the same year, Kodak invented the world's first portable square box camera with film.

1906 American George hillas used the flashlight for the first time. 19 13 german oskar barnack developed the world's first 135 camera.

From 1839 to 1924, in the first stage of the development of this camera, some novel cameras such as buttons and pistols also appeared.

From 1925 to 1938 is the second stage of camera development. During this period, German companies such as Leeds, Lorelei and Zeiss developed and produced dual-lens and single-lens reflex cameras with small volume and aluminum alloy body.

At this stage, the performance of the camera is gradually improved and perfected, optical viewfinder, rangefinder and self-timer are widely used, and the adjustment range of mechanical shutter is constantly expanding. The camera manufacturing industry began to produce cameras on a large scale, and camera manufacturers all over the world copied Leica and Lorelei cameras. The sensitivity, resolution and tolerance of black and white photographic film are constantly improving; The popularization of color photographic film has made the photographic team expand rapidly and move towards specialization.

After 1939, it is the third stage of camera development. In the first half of this stage, that is, before the 1960s, the quality of black-and-white and color films was further improved, and the optical industry produced new optical glasses containing rare elements such as lanthanum, titanium and cadmium. So as to better correct the aberration of the photographic lens, and the lens develops rapidly in the direction of large aperture and various focal lengths. So there are many kinds of photographic lenses, such as zoom, emblem distance, catadioptric and wide angle. Single-layer coating of lenses has been widely used. There are some structures in the camera, such as automatic reset of counter, automatic reset of mirror, semi-automatic and full-automatic contraction of aperture. The quality and output of cameras began to develop rapidly.

From the early 1960 s to the present, it is the late stage of the third stage. During this period, Liu Xiaoxi Photography Company produced the world's first self-sustaining focusing camera-Konica C35A camera 135. Then Japan produced the world's first double-priority automatic exposure camera-Minolta XDG camera 135 single-lens reflex camera. There is a precedent that a camera has multiple exposure functions.

During this period, the theory of optical transfer function entered the field of optical design, and a photographic lens with high imaging quality, good color reproduction, large aperture and small distortion appeared. At the same time, the lenses have also developed into a series, from fisheye lenses with a focal length of several millimeters to super telephoto lenses with a focal length of 2 meters, as well as photographic lenses such as angle adjustment, zoom badge distance and night vision. Electronic technology has gradually penetrated into the camera, and various photometry, high-precision electronic mirror shutter, electronic focal plane shutter and easy-to-control electronic selfie have appeared one after another. Exposure compensation, memory storage, multiple recording functions, electric winding, autofocus and other functions are applied more and more beautifully, and the degree of automation, miniaturization and portability have reached an unprecedented height. With the development of high technology, a variety of new cameras for quality evaluation are constantly coming out, thus providing excellent equipment for the creation of photographic art.