What are the sixteen principles of photography?

1, sunshine 16 rule. That is, when shooting a subject in bright and uniform sunlight, the shutter should be set to the reciprocal of the sensitivity and the aperture should be F 16. Based on this, it is estimated that the F22 aperture is used at the seaside and F 1 1 on cloudy and sunny days.

2, moonlight 1 1, 8, 5.6 rules. There are many exposure combinations for shooting the moon. But the most popular combinations are 1 1, 8, 5.6. When the shutter speed is the reciprocal of the sensitivity, the aperture of the full moon is F 1 1, and the apertures of the half moon and1/April are F8 and F5.6 respectively.

3, camera jitter rules. A safe shutter speed is the reciprocal of the focal length. If you use a 50 mm lens, if you shoot by hand, the speed should be at least 1/60 (of course, the anti-shake head is not counted). If it is lower than this speed, please use a flash, tripod, or find other brackets for the camera.

4. 18% gray photometry. Using 18% medium gray plate to measure light will bring the best effect. If there is no gray board, you can open your palm to the sun, measure the light reading of your palm and add an exposure lens. Different skin colors have little effect on the results. )

5. The law of depth of field. The maximum depth of field can be obtained by focusing in the first third of the whole depth of field. Because the depth of field behind the focus is twice that before the focus.

6, digital printing size rule. The best enlargement size of digital photos should not exceed the sum of pixel length and width divided by 200. If you need film festival quality photos, please divide by 250.

7. exposure rules. The classic advice is: make sure the high-light area is exposed accurately and let the low-light area go with him. This suggestion applies to inversion and digital cameras. Negative film, especially color negative film, had better increase exposure by one step.

8, fast flash output rule. When using a flash without automatic output control, set the sensitivity of the flash to twice that of the film, measure the light on the main body, select the aperture of the fuselage and set the same aperture for the flash. Under this setting, the shadow area of the photo will be one step lower than the brightness of the subject.

9, the flash distance rule. Distance multiplied by 2, sensitivity multiplied by 4. For example, your flash has an effective distance of 20 feet at a sensitivity of 100. If you need a flash distance of 40 feet, you need to use a film with a sensitivity of 400.

10, pixel doubling rule. To double the resolution of a digital camera, the number of pixels should be quadrupled.

1 1, dynamic capture rule: this is an empirical formula of angle and speed. If an object moves along the lens axis, you can capture it with a shutter of (1125), then its movement perpendicular to the lens axis (from one side of the viewfinder to the other) can be captured with a shutter two levels higher than (1/500).

12, sunset metering rule. When shooting a sunset, you should measure the upper part of the sunset, but don't let the sun enter the viewfinder. If you want the sunset in the photo to appear one hour later than the actual one, you can subtract 1 from the exposure compensation.

"16" in the formula does not mean that the aperture must be f/ 16. If f/ 1 1 is selected, the shutter speed will be doubled to 1/200 seconds, and so on.