Introduce Liu He and Liu's "Three Deaths and One Life"

The original name is Yang, but his first name is Liu, but his first name is Yin. Later, they were renamed "He" and "Wu", from Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, and sold to Xu Fojia, a famous prostitute in Shengzegui homeland, as adopted daughters. Educated, Liu Shi is good at seven words, and he has both the brushwork of Yu Shinan and Zhu Suiliang. Older, living in a brothel. It is the first of the eight beauties of Qinhuai. In Songjiang, with peerless talent, she interacted with Fu She, Ji She and party member, often dressed in Confucianism, talked with literati about the current political situation and wrote poems. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (164 1), he became friends with Qian and Liu, the leaders of Changshu. They live together in Jiangyun Mansion. They like reading and discussing poetry. Qian posthumous title Wei Liu "Liu Rusheng". Liu advised Qian to be a martyr and chose three ways to die: knife, rope and water. Money is reluctant, if you jump into the lotus pond and die. At the end of the Qing dynasty, Qian was driven back to his hometown because of suspicion and died of depression. Qian's family took the opportunity to force Liu, so they committed suicide.

brief introduction

Liu, a famous prostitute in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was born in 16 18. Her real name is Yang Ai, and when it comes to the Yang Dynasty, she sympathizes with her. At the age of ten, he was sold as a prostitute because of family embarrassment. The first chapter of her life is a necessary skill for prostitutes to flirt. Because of her intelligent talent, handsome appearance and excellent poetry, she is quite famous. Although Liu is a prostitute, she hates her career as a prostitute. Liu loved Jiangnan gifted scholar and Song He, but she suffered many setbacks in love. Later, she married the leader Qian, who is a famous Changshu talent. As early as the end of the Ming Dynasty, he was famous in the literary world, with rich family wealth, fertile fields, more than 100 handmaiden and abundant financial resources. Accused of taking bribes and cheating, he has been removed from his post in China for twelve years. At that time, Qian was 60 years old, and he was also a person with great ambitions in his early years. He is full of ambition and clarification. It was only after his career was bumpy and he suffered major setbacks that he became depressed and relaxed. He spent all day in the museum of Chu State, so he got the nickname "the prodigal son of Lindong". In the early 17th year of Chongzhen, the peasant army in Li Zicheng overthrew the Ming Dynasty.

However, this incident made Qian somewhat bloody, actively participated in the anti-Qing struggle and saw the light again, almost exhausting the assets at home. Qian died at home at the age of 85 due to illness and poverty, while Liu was less than 50 years old. She arranged Qian's funeral. But before Qian's bones were cold, his people were jealous of his fertile land and beautiful house, and even bullied Liu as a woman, so they ganged up and made trouble. It turns out that Chen and others have fallen out of favor for many years, and they have long hated Liu. Every day, they block the door and shout abuse, and two thousand pieces of silver are astigmatism, but the crowd is still noisy. Liu trembled with anger. After arranging the funeral of Qian and punishing a group of troublemakers, he hanged himself. This year, Liu was 49 years old. Qian and Liu were buried with Fushui Mountain Villa, the hometown of Yushan in Changshu, about 20 meters apart. Qian's tombstone reads "Old Man's Tomb", and the stone tablet in front of Liu's tomb reads "Hedong Jun's Tomb". The tombs of Qian and Liu have been buried for more than 330 years since the third year of Kangxi.

Character annotation

Liu is a famous geisha talented woman who was born and lived in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. She is strong, upright, intelligent and courageous, and her reputation is no less than that of Li and Bian Yujing. Liu Benming, because he read Xin Qiji's words: "I see how beautiful the green hills are, and I expect the green hills to see me like this", so he named himself; Later, it was called "Hedong Jun" and "Hong".

Liu was smart and studious when he was young, but because of his poor family, he was robbed and sold to Wujiang as a maid in his early years. When I was young, I fell into Zhangtai, changed my name to Liu Yin, and traveled between Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jinling in troubled times. Because of her beauty and talent, she became a famous girl in Qinhuai. She left many anecdotes and literary manuscripts, such as Grass in the Middle of the Lake, No Seal and Letters.

Liu befriended Zhang Yan, the leader of Nanming Society, and was congenial to Chen, but Chen was unfortunately defeated and died in the anti-Qing uprising. Liu's choice of spouse is very demanding. Many celebrities have failed to marry her, and some are still in the friendship stage. Finally, in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, in her twenties, she married Qian, the party leader and famous bureaucrat who was over half a year old. After Qian married Liu, he built the magnificent "Crimson Cloud Building" and "Red Bean Pavilion" in Yushan, and the golden house was hidden with charming flowers. Liu had a daughter after his death. Some Dream of Red Mansions think that the crimson designed by Cao Xueqin comes from Liu's crimson cloud building.

Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, the Qing army went to Beijing to build a small court in Nanjing, and Liu Zaiming supported Qian as the minister of rites. Soon, the Qing army went south, and Enemy at the Gates and Liu advised Qian to throw himself into the water. Money was speechless, and finally went down to the pool to try the water and said, "The water is too cold to go down." . Liu "desperately sank into the pool", but gave the money a hard hug. So money is ashamed to see it. Qian Jiangqing went to Beijing, but Liu stayed in Nanjing. Qian was an assistant minister of etiquette in the Qing Dynasty and a bachelor of Hanlin. Influenced by the Liu family, he resigned after half a year. Later, because of the case, I ate two lawsuits. Liu bribed him to get out of prison when he was ill, and encouraged him to contact Qu Shizhen, who was still resisting. Liu strongly supported and comforted the Qing government, showing a strong patriotic national integrity. Qian's relegation should have been criticized by later generations, but it was Liu's righteous act that diluted people's dislike for him.

As far as literary talent is concerned, she is the first of the "Eight Colors of Qinhuai". Qing people thought her letters were "more beautiful than the Six Dynasties, and she loved Ban Cai deeply". Liu Ye is proficient in temperament, long-sleeved and good at dancing, and his paintings are also very famous. Her painting skills are simple and beautiful. Calligraphy has won the admiration of future generations, calling it "iron fist with silver hook, which once collected wonderful traces." Liu

When Qian died in 1666, Liu was less than fifty years old. Since then, bad luck has befallen Liu. The villagers gathered to rob their real estate. In order to protect the property of the Qian family, Liu made a will by sucking blood, and then hanged himself. The situation is extremely tragic. I can't help but hate the death of a generation of romantic women, and it's only two months before Qian's death. After Liu died, he was not buried with Qian, but was expelled from Qian's cemetery. Liu's tomb is an isolated grave at the foot of Yushan Mountain. The stone tablet in front of the tomb is only a little more than one meter, which reads: Hedong Jun (Liu once called himself Hedong Jun). A hundred paces away, Qian was buried with his original wife. Mr. Chen Yinque is the author of Liu Zhuan.

biography

Beauty is fading away.

Liu befriended Zhang Yan, the leader of Nanming Society, and was congenial to Chen, but Chen was unfortunately defeated and died in the anti-Qing uprising. Liu's choice of spouse is very demanding. Many celebrities have failed to marry her, and some are still in the friendship stage. Finally, in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, in her twenties, she married Qian, a famous bureaucratic leader who was over half a year old. After Qian married Liu, he built the magnificent "Crimson Cloud Building" and "Red Bean Pavilion" in Yushan, and the golden house was hidden with charming flowers. Liu had a daughter after his death. Some Dream of Red Mansions think that the crimson designed by Cao Xueqin comes from Liu's crimson cloud building.

In the winter of the thirteenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, Qian, a former court assistant, returned to his hometown for two years. This year's winter is extremely cold, and the door of "Ban Ye Tang" where he lives is particularly deserted. No friends have visited him for a long time.

On a winter afternoon, Qian was dozing in his study when suddenly a message came from home: "Someone is coming!" " In a short time, the post was sent to the desk, and the money woke up. He took the post and looked at it. It read: "Liu Rusheng, born late, thanks to the bachelor's money." "Liu Rusheng?" There is a question in his mind. I don't think I've heard of this name. who is it?

Maybe some unknown schoolmate came to visit. Money has received many such people. Now, anyway, he lives in seclusion and has someone to talk to, so he invites guests to his home.

When the money slowly strolled into the living room, the visitor was already standing in the room, admiring the calligraphy and painting on the wall. Hearing footsteps, the uninvited guest quickly turned around and made a deep gesture towards the money. He said respectfully, "I met Mr. Qian last night, but I hope you will forgive me for calling!" "

Qian looked at the man and saw that he was wearing a blue satin Confucian shirt and a blue scarf. He was a typical rich boy. Although his manners are orderly, his figure is extremely petite and seems to lack the masculinity of men. Look at the face, bright eyes, nose and mouth, white and tender skin, delicate but not pungent. Looking at it, Qian suddenly felt a little familiar, but he could search for his heart, and he always couldn't remember where he had seen it.

Looking at Qian's thoughtful expression, the visitor could not help but show a sly smile. He seemed to guess what the host was thinking, and he didn't interrupt, but sang a poem leisurely:

A grass lives in the east of the broken bridge, and a good sentence is as clear as the wind on the lake;

Recently, Liu Yin was praised by the West as a peach blossom among beautiful women.

"What a surprise! Miss Liu's visit to my humble abode is far from welcome, so I am offended! Attack! " Qian warmly invited the so-called "Miss Liu" to sit down and was busy serving tea and wine to the ladies-in-waiting, saying that she would drive away the cold and relieve fatigue for Miss Liu.

Who is this woman disguised as a man, who makes money so frightened and who values one side? Miss Liu was originally Liu, a famous prostitute in Suzhou. Speaking of the friendship between Liu and Qian, it was two years ago.

It was the early winter of the eleventh year of Chongzhen. Jiang Zuoqian, a talented person who worked in the capital, was already in the position of assistant minister of does and was about to be promoted. However, he was exposed for bribing his boss, and was not only punished by the court, but also removed from his official position and forced to return to his hometown of Changshu. At that time, he was 57 years old. Suddenly, he changed his mind and returned to the south from Reuters. When passing through Hangzhou, I went boating on the West Lake to relieve my worries. Tired, I live in a famous prostitute's house in Hangzhou. At that time, it happened that Liu Ye was a guest in Hangzhou. He was a frequent visitor to the Taoist home. On that day, he accidentally put an impromptu poem in the living room of a Taoist priest. Money accidentally found this poem, bring it here and read it softly:

Yang Xiaowan embroidered curtains to the east, and Ying Hua Die rode the wind;

The most is the cool esophagus in the west, and the peach blossoms are among the beautiful women.

Qian couldn't help applauding this beautiful and unique poem. An understanding Taoist sees it in his eyes and gets the message. He leaned over and said, "Why don't you invite Miss Liu to visit the lake with you tomorrow?" Money is naturally welcome.

The next day, a painting boat carried three people leisurely swinging on Xizi Lake. At the sight of Liu, Qian immediately gave birth to a feeling of love. The girl is petite and exquisite, and her big black and white eyes are embedded in her delicate face, which is particularly touching. It's amazing that such a cute little person has a beautiful poem hidden in his stomach. Liu is a cheerful girl. Although she saw the famous money for the first time, she was free to talk about poetry and scenery. Lively and lovely expression made Qian Qian B forget his sadness for a while, and he felt young. On a whim, he sang sixteen quatrains in one breath to show his admiration for the Iraqis. One of them is Liu's song to arouse his memory.

As soon as the West Lake left, money never imagined that the girl would come to Changshu to see him, disguised as a man, and gave him an extra surprise. After some greetings, Qian asked Liu to stay in Ye Tang for a period of time, and Liu Xinran agreed, as if she had come with this plan.

Then, the laughter of an old man and a young man who forgot the end of the year rippled in the silent "semi-wild hall". They walked through the snow to admire the plum blossoms, went fishing in a cold boat and got along so well. In order to thank Liu for his comfort, Qian ordered someone to build the first floor for Liu Jian in the nearby Hongdou Villa. He personally supervised the work at the scene, and in just ten days, a beautiful and elegant building was built. According to the sentence "So I smell" in the Diamond Sutra, Qian named this small building "I smell room" to match Liu's name. On the day when the building was completed, he also wrote a poem to express his feelings:

I don't know how to worry about the drizzle, but the crane leads the empty phoenix downstairs;

The red candle is like a moonlit night, and the green window is like a Mulan boat.

In the song, the willow broadens its eyes, and in the poem, the hibiscus also closes its head;

Who is May's soul tonight? Let him soak in the cold current.

Liu was deeply moved by the affection of money. She is a woman who has experienced many ups and downs. Although thousands of people praised her after she became famous, she was just taking part in accidental amusement. How many people can give her the truth? Although Qian is an old man, his affection is much purer than that of ordinary young childe. Perhaps it is because he has tasted the bitterness of life that he has such a deep understanding. In addition to gratitude to Liu, I also wrote a poem entitled "I am a shepherd in Wenchun Room":

Tears are long, and the spring in the south is thin and cold;

This is like a dream, which has always been a sorrow for the misty moon.

Who knows the news of the painting hall, Cui Zhang looks alone;

Precious royal orchid room, Dongfeng comes second.

After several competitions in Chun Xue, the spring breeze in Jiang Nanan turned green. In the pink and willow green, money takes Liu wandering between mountains and rivers. Boating on the lake, enjoying the mountains under the moon, poetry and wine as companions, life is like a fairy. During this period, Liu indicated his commitment several times, and Qian quietly avoided this topic after a burst of excitement. Money has some concerns: first, the age gap between them is too big. Liu is 24 years old, 36 years younger than himself; Second, as a guilty minister, my future is hopeless, and I won't delay the future of other girls! So think about it, he refused to accept her, but he couldn't give up her for a moment.

Liu Ze has his own ideas: at the age of fifteen, he fell into the dust and read a lot. There are many talented and affectionate childe, but how many can have a soft spot? How many women can really care and be considerate? At the age of sixteen, she entrusted herself to Chen Zilong in Songjiang. Chen Gongzi was brilliant and enthusiastic about teaching her poetry and meter, which benefited a lot, but her temperament was perverse, and finally she parted ways and broke her heart. The money I met today is naturally brilliant. At the age of twenty-eight, she was admitted as a flower viewer, and her poems enjoyed a high reputation. Although she is old, she is affectionate, interesting and taken care of. With him, she feels that life is so stable, quiet and interesting. What age is it now?

Since the two are congenial, what is there to worry about? In the face of Liu's infatuation, money can no longer hesitate to shrink back. Finally, in the summer of this year, Liu was officially married into his family.

Their wedding was unique. They rented a spacious and gorgeous lotus boat, put a sumptuous banquet on it, and invited a dozen friends to go boating in the waves of Songjiang. There is also a team of musicians on board. In the cheerful and melodious drums, Liu, wearing a high crown of money and a rockhopper gown, paid homage to heaven and earth, and in the cheers of friends, they returned to the banquet and raised their glasses to drink.

After the marriage, the husband and wife traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing and Huangshan, leaving them everywhere. Liu asked her husband what he loved, and Qian said, "I love your white face and black hair!" " The implication is that she is loved everywhere; Then, Qian Qian B asked his wife again. Liu Shiru cocked his head and thought for a moment. He said, "I love your white hair and black face!" " Say that finish, two people laugh into a ball, just like a pair of flirting little couple.

After some travel, they all fell in love with the beautiful scenery of the West Lake in Hangzhou, so they built a five-story and two-story "Jiangyun Building" on the West Lake, which was extremely magnificent. The couple live in it and enjoy the morning glow and evening rain of the West Lake every day. Spring flowers and autumn moon, time flows quietly like a poem.

After the change of Shen Jiazhi, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park, and the old ministers in Jiangnan plotted to establish a new monarch. Ma Shiying admired Axe King and Zhu Yousong, while money supported Zhu Changfan. Finally, the Axe King gained power and became the emperor of Hong Guang. Qian was afraid that the new dynasty would have a hard time with him, so he quickly ingratiated himself with those in power and even got a position as a minister of rites. Although it is an empty title, it makes him feel safe and beautiful.

However, the Qing army quickly conquered Du Nan, and one year's life in Hong Guang court came to an end, and China suddenly became a Manchu world. As a legacy and celebrity of the old dynasty, money will inevitably attract the attention of the new regime. If you don't work for the new dynasty, you must be loyal to the old Lord. He is faced with the choice of fate. Liu witnessed the tragic situation of Qing soldiers breaking through the city and sweeping across the south of the Yangtze River, and was deeply indignant. Now it is the world of the Qing Dynasty, and she advised Qian to show her loyalty by dying. After much deliberation, Qian finally agreed to Liu's suggestion. The two agreed to join the West Lake to commit suicide.

It was an early summer night, and Qian and Liu sailed into the West Lake alone. The dim moonlight shone coldly on them, Liu looked sad and holy, and money seemed a little uneasy. There are several dishes and a pot of wine on board. Liu poured a glass of good wine, offered a toast to her husband and raised one himself. He said slowly, "My wife can get to know Qian Jun, and this life is enough. I must die with you tonight, and I have no regrets! " The money was infected by her, and she also raised a heroic spirit. She raised her glass and said, "Not for symbiosis, but for mutual death. Liu Qing is really the old lady's confidante! " Two people lightly drink a pot of wine, the moon has set. Liu first stood up, took Qian's hand and said calmly, "Let's go!" " Money suddenly woke up from drunkenness and reached out to stir the water outside the boat. He looked up and said to Liu, "The water is too cold tonight. Why don't we come back another day? " "What's wrong with water cooling!" "The old lady is weak and can't stand the cold." Liu knows that she is reluctant to give up this life, and she has already blamed herself. At this time, she was also full of sadness and didn't mean to persuade him. She just snuggled up in his arms and sat until dawn.

Qian said that Shui Liang refused to throw himself into the lake again, so Liu had to give in two steps and said, "Living in seclusion and not interacting with the Qing court is worthy of the old dynasty." Qian Qian B passively agreed.

A few days later, when the money came back from the outside, Liu Faxian had shaved his forehead and combed the hair at the back of his head into a braid. Isn't this a clean move? Liu was so angry that he couldn't speak, but the money slapped his bald forehead and said, "Isn't this very comfortable?" Liu rushed back to his bedroom with anger.

In fact, Qian not only shaved his hair, but even agreed to the intention of the Qing court to call him into Beijing as an official. Liu tried every means to persuade to no avail. On the eve of departure, it was the Mid-Autumn Festival, and Liu and Qian were boating on the West Lake. One is sad and touching, and the other is full of joy. This night, unlike usual, both of them drank gloomily and rarely talked. Liu looked at the familiar lake and moonlight and gave money to sing a poem:

Plain and clear, the clouds are like makeup buildings;

My husband has an oar in this ambitious period, and my concubine would rather quit her studies and go back to the boat.

Look at the pillow in the birdcage under the candle, and the parrot goose in front of the phoenix calls to comb its hair;

Pity the bright moon for three or five nights, and the wind blows Xiao to Biliu.

She wants to keep her husband with tender feelings and quiet and sweet life pictures, but the money has gained fame and fortune, and she can't get it back at once.

After the money arrived in Beijing, his life was not easy. He threw himself into the high position of prime minister, and finally got only a disheartening idle post. Liu Yi, who lives alone in the West Lake, wrote one letter after another, pouring out the suffering of lovesickness, and at the same time persuading him to retire and go back to enjoy the seclusion between mountains and rivers with her. Slowly, Qian Qian B moved his heart and thought: "fame and fortune, you are satisfied, and you can't expect anything after 60 years old!" Finally I made up my mind, so I complained about my illness and resigned from the court. I quickly got the answer, took off my robe and went back to my hometown again.

When they arrived at the West Lake, Qian and Liu began their pastoral life again. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, Liu gave birth to a daughter, a daughter in her later years. Qian was overjoyed and even more addicted to the dull and happy family life. However, the tree wants to be quiet and the wind will not stop. In this year, a unexpected trouble fell on the head of money again. His protege, Huang, was accused of writing a poem satirizing the Qing court, which implicated money. He was arrested by the governor's office. Her husband's life was at stake. Liu, who was ill in bed after childbirth, struggled to get up and risked his life to write to the governor's office, demanding that her husband be punished. The governor felt its sincerity and bitterness, verified that the money had done nothing wrong, and released him. After spending 40 days in prison, Qian passed the disaster without any accident, seeing the world more clearly and respecting Liu more.

After ten years of quiet life, Qian died in Hangzhou at the age of 83. After her husband died, 47-year-old Liu was abandoned by the Qian family. For the sake of family property, the people are entangled with her. With her husband's departure, Liu lost the dependence and hope of life. That year, she ended her ups and downs with three feet of white silk and followed money to the grave. A generation of strange women, fragrant and dead.