Who has been to the ancient covered bridge? "~"

Taishun County in southern Zhejiang is a little-known place, but its position in the history of Chinese bridge architecture is very important. The wooden covered bridge that disappeared in the Central Plains since the Song Dynasty is well preserved in Taishun Town. Coupled with the beauty of the mountains in southern Zhejiang, it is enough to attract self-help tourists to visit, and the name of the old movie "Bridges of Madison County" is just sensational for such a mood. At present, China's covered bridges are mainly distributed in Taishun, Zhejiang, Jingning, Shouning and other places, among which Taishun is the most concentrated, and Dongxiqiao, known as the "most beautiful covered bridge", is located in sixi town, Taishun. Other famous ones are sixi town North Bridge; Xuejiaqiao, Yongqing Bridge and Liuzhai Bridge in Sankui Town; Yuwen Bridge and Zhouling Third Bridge; Wenyuan Bridge in Shinohara Village, etc. Taishun is known as the "hometown of covered bridges", not only because of the large number of covered bridges here, but also because of its colorful style. Wooden arch bridge, stone arch bridge, wooden flat bridge, double-deck bridge, single-sided bridge, curved arch bridge and anchorage are all available. According to the latest statistics, there are more than 500 ancient bridges in Taishun. However, it occupies an important position in the history of bridges in the world, and is described by poets as "Changhong drinks the stream, and the crescent moon raises the clouds". Up to now, there are more than 32 ancient covered bridges with wooden structures that are well preserved. As the name implies, a covered bridge is a bridge with eaves. Taishun in history has scattered villages and remote traffic. It is difficult for people to see people who walk more than ten miles. According to the "traffic planning" of Taishun ancestors, a rain pavilion for people to rest should be built at a certain distance on the roadside (slate road). Building eaves on the bridge can not only protect the bridge built of wood from the sun and rain, but also play the role of rain pavilion. Some covered bridges have temporary living rooms. However, Taishun's word "covered bridge" was only adopted in recent years. For hundreds of years, Taishun people have always called the covered bridge "Pteris Pteris Pteris Bridge". In fact, the wooden arch bridge has no "centipede feet". Liu Jie, a lecturer at Shanghai Jiaotong University, thinks that the "Pteris vittata Bridge" is similar to centipede in structure. In fact, the common name of "Pteris vittata Bridge" has been passed down from generation to generation. As for the mechanical principle of wooden arch bridge, it is impossible to explore it in depth. In mountainous counties with remote geographical location and blocked traffic, few people know the extremely important historical and cultural value of "Pteris vittata Bridge" in the history of bridge development in China. Until the end of 1970s, Taishun, a covered bridge in Wang Guocai, was discovered by people of insight. On June1996165438+1October 12, China Photography published a small graphic report of "Covered Bridge in South Zhejiang" with one third of the headlines, and adopted the name of "Covered Bridge" for the first time. Since then, the central, provincial and municipal news organizations and scholars at home and abroad have come to Taishun for interviews, inspections and investigations. The national treasure Taishun covered bridge has attracted wide attention at home and abroad. There are a large number of civil bridges in Taishun with various structural types. According to Taishun traffic records, by the end of 1987, there were 958 bridges in the county, with a total length of 16829 linear meters, of which 476 bridges were built before liberation, with a total length of 7923 linear meters. There were more than 30 covered bridges in Ming and Qing Dynasties, including covered bridges, Mu Ping covered bridges and Shigong covered bridges. Among them, six covered bridges occupy an important position in the history of bridges in the world. Namely Sixi Sister Bridge, Sankui Xuezhai Bridge, Xianju Bridge, Shinohara Village Wenxing Bridge and Santiao Bridge. Wooden arch bridge, the wood is very short, criss-crossing, like a rainbow flying over the wide water. Its ingenious structure is amazing! In the 1970s, a famous bridge expert, Mr. Mao Yisheng, organized scientists to conduct on-the-spot investigation and comparative study on the stoplog arch bridge in southern Zhejiang, and determined that a large number of stoplog arch bridges remaining in the mountainous areas of southern Zhejiang were Hongqiao structures prevailing in the Central Plains during the Northern Song Dynasty. In the book "Technical History of Ancient Bridges in China" edited by Mao Yisheng, four Taishun wooden arch bridges are recorded. Taishun Covered Bridge is famous all over the world, because its structure is very similar to the Hongqiao in the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because it forms an arch bridge with beams and wood interspersed with different pressures, it looks like a rainbow and is named Hongqiao. It occupies a high position in the history of Chinese bridges, and is called the four ancient bridges in China together with Anji Bridge in Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province, Wan 'an Bridge in Quanzhou and Guangji Bridge in Haiyang, Chaozhou. Three of the bridges are still preserved in the world, while the Bianshui Hongqiao is only in the painting. Now, Taishun has discovered a covered bridge similar to Hongqiao structure, which has attracted worldwide attention. Another reason why the covered bridge is famous is the American film The Bridges of Madison County. The romantic love story touched countless people and made people remember the covered bridge. The scenic spot includes the following sub-scenic spots: Beijian Bridge, Wenxing Bridge, Nanyang Bridge, Yongqing Bridge, Dongxi Bridge, Sanjiao Bridge, Zhu San Bridge, Yuwen Bridge, Xianju Bridge, Xuezhai Bridge and Hong Jun Bridge. There is a famous Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the art history of China, the core of which depicts a rainbow-shaped wooden arch bridge. The wooden arch bridge is made of long logs, and there are no pillars to support it. Seen from a distance. According to bridge history experts, this wooden arch Hongqiao originated in the Song Dynasty and disappeared in the Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is its only image record, which has been lost for 900 years. With the discovery of Taishun covered bridge, bridge history experts confirmed that these wooden arch bridges still hidden in the deep mountains are the same kind of Bianshui Hongqiao. Its discovery gives people a chance to see the true face of the old Bianshui Hongqiao. Interestingly, the discovery of Taishun covered bridge attracted new academic debates. Because the tiles of the Tang Dynasty were discovered when the three oldest covered bridges in Taishun were rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, it was speculated that there was a wooden arch bridge here in the Tang Dynasty. Then, when and where the wooden arch bridge originated has become a new mystery. If we can find evidence of the existing Taishun wooden arch bridge in Tang Dynasty, the origin history of Hongqiao will be rewritten. At present, there are six covered bridges in Taishun, which belong to beam wooden arch bridge. They are Sixi North Bridge, Dongxi Bridge, Xiaocun Wenxing Bridge, Zhouling Bridge, Sankui Xuezhai Bridge and Ren Xian Xianju Bridge. Of course, there are also some covered bridges with their own characteristics that can't be missed, such as Liuzhai Bridge, a double-deck wooden flat bridge, Dongyang Bridge, unilaterally opened as a veranda, Yuwen Bridge, and a three-story pavilion built on a stone arch bridge, and so on. In fact, the covered bridge is not only a tool for crossing the river, but also has many folk-custom, cultural, economic and social functions, such as resting pavilions, post stations, praying for gods, socializing, traffic operation and material trade. Therefore, some people say that the covered bridge represents a kind of culture, a kind of local feelings, and it is an important carrier of politics, economy, culture, folk customs and many other contents in the mountainous areas of southern Zhejiang during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.