What matters in photography is the quality of the camera or the photographer's angle?

brief introduction

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Photography refers to the process of recording images with some special equipment. Generally, we take photos with mechanical cameras or digital cameras. Sometimes photography is also called photography, that is, the process of exposing the photosensitive medium by using the light reflected by the object.

The word photography in English comes from the Greek word φ ω? 0? 9 phos (light) and γ ρ α φ ι? 0? 9 graphis (painting, drawing) or γ ρ α η graph η, which together mean "drawing with light". Refers to the process of recording images with some special equipment. Generally, we take pictures with mechanical cameras or digital cameras. Sometimes photography is also called photography, that is, the process of exposing the photosensitive medium by using the light reflected by the object. Someone once said an incisive language: the photographer's ability is to transform the fleeting ordinary things in daily life into immortal visual images.

Photography, commonly known as photography, is to use a camera to image the negative, and print the negative into a single photo, which is permanently preserved one by one. But the image of the photo is static and silent, just to let people watch its characters and artistic conception, and then understand its meaning.

Today, the earliest existing photos in the world can be traced back to 1827, from the Frenchman Joseph? 6? 4 Nip's hand.

principle

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Exposure process

When taking pictures, light enters the cassette through a small hole (more often, a lens group) and forms an image on the medium on the back of the cassette (relative to the incident direction of light). According to the actual light intensity and the photosensitive ability of the medium, the required light time is also different. In the process of illumination, the medium is irradiated by light.

post production

After photography is completed, the image information stored in the medium must be read by human eyes again through conversion. The specific method depends on the photosensitive means and medium characteristics. For film cameras, there will be chemical processes such as fixing, developing and enlarging. For a digital camera, it needs a processor to calculate the data and then output it through electronic equipment.

Equipment used

Generally speaking, people take pictures with visible light, and cameras are the most commonly used. Because of different scenes and uses, cameras have many classifications. Generally speaking, a camera must have several basic components to ensure the exposure process, including: photosensitive medium, imaging lens, exposure time control mechanism, film cassette and storage medium.

classify

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Documentary photography

Photography was born for recording. Its powerful vitality after its birth lies precisely in its recording function. This is incomparable or irreplaceable by other technologies or arts. So, broadly speaking, photography is recording.

artistic photography

With the development of photography, people continue to add artistic elements to photography and begin to produce artistic photography. The difference between it and documentary photography lies in the artistic level, but there is no absolute boundary. For example, let's take a photo as an ID card or leave a souvenir. Generally, the photos taken by the photo studio have at most some information or record value. However, 50 years later, Mr. Zheng Jingkang's portrait of Mr. Qi Baishi is still one of the 20 best portraits in the world. The difference lies entirely in the artistic level.

Photo photography

Photo photography has always been an important form of portrait photography with its beautiful picture language and beautiful design connotation. Since the invention of photography, it can be said that photo photography has been running through it and has played several milestones in the history of photography. /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, British photographer Randa filmed a work predicted as "a new era of photography is coming"-"Two Roads of Life". When photography was still despised at that time, this work was highly praised by Queen Victoria for its inspiring theme and oil painting composition. It can be said that Landa has contributed a lot to promoting photography to be recognized as an art. Since then, photo photography has gradually become an important genre of photography.

Holography

Holography refers to a new photography technology, which records all the information of the amplitude and phase of the reflected wave of the object being photographed. Ordinary photography records the light intensity distribution on the surface of the object, but it can't record the phase information of the reflected light of the object, so it loses its three-dimensional sense. Holography uses laser as the illumination source, and divides the light emitted by the light source into two beams, one of which is directly directed at the photosensitive plate, and the other is reflected by the subject and then directed at the photosensitive plate. The superposition of two beams of light on the photosensitive plate produces interference, and the sensitivity of each point on the photosensitive plate changes not only with the intensity, but also with the phase correlation of the two beams of light. Therefore, holography not only records the reflection intensity on the object, but also records the phase information. When the human eye directly looks at this photosensitive film, it can only see interference fringes like fingerprints, but if it is irradiated by laser, the human eye can see the three-dimensional image of the original object through the film. Even if only a small part of the holographic image remains, it can still reproduce the whole scene. Holography can be applied to nondestructive testing, ultrasonic holography, holographic microscope, holographic storage, holographic film and television and many other aspects in industry.

1. Painting photography

Picturesque photography is an art school that flourished in the field of photography at the beginning of the twentieth century. It originated in England in the mid-19th century.

Photographers of this school pursue the effect of painting or the realm of "poetic" in their creation. It has gone through three stages: imitation stage; An elegant stage; Art stage.

The painter put forward "Raphael of photography, Titian of photography."

Painting photography has experienced a long period of development. The first photographic disc for painting was the British painter Shiloh (1802- 1870). He is good at portrait photography, and his works are rigorous in structure and elegant in shape. 185 1 to 1853 is the growth period of painting photography. 1869, British photographer HP Robinson (1830-1901) published a book about the picturesque effect of photography. He proposed: "A photographer must have rich emotions and in-depth artistic understanding in order to become an excellent photographer. Undoubtedly, the continuous progress and invention of photography technology inspire higher goals, which is enough to make photographers play more freely; But the progress of technology does not mean the progress of art. Because photography itself, no matter how exquisite and complete, is just a belt leading to a higher goal. " It laid a theoretical foundation for this school.

1857, Og Relander (18 13- 1875) created a Renaissance-style work composed of more than 30 negatives: two lifestyles, which marked the maturity of painting and photography.

Most of the works in this period are full of religious colors and contain certain metaphors. When shooting, make a sketch in advance, then use models and props to organize and arrange the scene, and deal with it through the darkroom. Pursue the painting effect of the photo screen.

Subsequently, the content of painting photography has been expanded, but the style still advocates classicism, and the modeling and composition still have academic rules, so it appears frugal, heavy and elegant.

When the genre develops to the painting stage, it is still characterized by the pursuit of emotional beauty, artistic conception beauty and formal beauty.

Because the painter emphasizes artistic accomplishment: "In order to make photography have a place in art, photographers must first cultivate their aesthetic ability and artistic accomplishment." Therefore, its historical achievement is to guide photography from the initial mechanical imitation object to the field of plastic arts, which promotes the development of photography art.

Because painting creation is mostly divorced from real life, photographic equipment is improving day by day, people's interest in early beauty is developing constantly, and it is impacted by "naturalism". Nevertheless, it still has a place in today's photography art palace.

The main photographers and works of this genre are: Pledge (? -1896) Baron's banquet, Robinson Crusoe, pagoda scene; Robin Hood's "At the end of the day, autumn, two little girls, dying, Juliet with poison bottles, dawn and sunset"; Relander the Baptist, the leader of Sunglow Covenant, Evy, Virginia, You Dite and Holofernes; Thomas Carlyle and Nida (1820- 19 10) of Mrs. Cameron (15-1897) are dying.

2. Impressionist photography

From 65438 to 0899, the first exhibition of French impressionist painting was held in England. Under the influence of the painter Robinson, he put forward the aesthetic standard that "soft tone photography is more beautiful than sharp tone photography" and advocated "soft tone" photography. This school is the reflection of painting impressionism in the field of photography.

At first, they shot with a soft-focus lens, developed and printed with woven paper, and pursued a vague artistic expression effect. With the appearance of "silver bromide development method" and paper development method with dichromate glue in pigment, impressionist works developed from the control of lens imaging to darkroom processing. They put forward that "works should look nothing like photos" and "if there is no painting, there is no real photography."

Under the guidance of this theory, impressionist photographers also use brushes, pencils and erasers to process pictures, deliberately changing their original light and shade changes and pursuing the effect of "painting". For example, La Croia's The Park Sweeper, written in 1900, is like a charcoal pen drawn on a canvas. Impressionist photographers have completely lost the characteristics of their own photography art, so some people call them "imitators". It can be said to be a branch of painting photography.

The artistic features of this genre are gloomy tone, rough shadow lines and rich decoration, but lack of sense of space. Its famous photographer is Du Masi (? -1937), Puyue (1857- 1933), Qiu En (1866- 1944), Watsek (1848-/) 187 1- 1937), Durkheim (1848- 1965438), Evre (1874-1998)