Relationship between Surveying and Mapping and Geographic Information System

Surveying and mapping is a theoretical and technical subject that studies and calculates the geometric position of the ground, the shape of the earth and the gravity field of the earth, and then measures the geometric distribution of natural forms and artificial facilities on the earth's surface, and combines the geographical distribution of some social and natural information to compile maps and thematic maps of various scales in the world and local areas. Generally can be divided into: geodesy, photogrammetry, cartography, engineering surveying, oceanography and so on. With the development of science and technology, the field of surveying and mapping has expanded from the earth to space.

GIS is a new frontier discipline spanning computer science, informatics, remote sensing, surveying, cartography, geography, resource science and environmental science, and it is also a system composed of computer hardware, software and different methods. The system is used to support the collection, management, processing, analysis, modeling and display of spatial data, thus solving complex planning and management decision-making problems.

There is a close relationship between surveying and mapping and GIS: surveying and mapping not only provides GIS with various geographical positioning data with different scales and different precisions, but also its theory and algorithm can be directly used for the transformation and processing of spatial data; The introduction of GIS into the field of surveying and mapping can solve complex analysis and management problems with brand-new ideas and means.