What instruments do surveyors often use? What is the main purpose?

Commonly used engineering measuring instruments are:

1, level, is to provide a horizontal line of sight for leveling and reading leveling staff. Its main function is to measure the height difference between two points, measure the elevation, and measure the horizontal distance between two points by using the principle of sight distance measurement.

2. Once the total station and the side stations in the total station are observed, the necessary observation data such as oblique distance, vertical angle and horizontal angle can be automatically displayed, and the horizontal distance, elevation difference, point coordinates and elevation can be obtained at the same time.

If the data terminal collected by the total station in the field is connected with the computer and plotter through the transmission interface, and the data processing software and drawing software are matched, the automation of mapping can be realized. Total station is generally used for on-site coordinate measurement of large-scale projects and positioning and detail measurement of complex projects.

3. Theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. Its main function is to measure the horizontal included angle and vertical angle between two directions. With the help of leveling staff and the principle of sight distance measurement, the horizontal distance and height difference between two points can also be measured.

Extended data:

Various instruments for orientation, distance measurement, angle measurement, height measurement, mapping and photogrammetry required in the planning, design, construction and management stages of engineering construction.

1, length measuring tool;

2. Temperature measuring tools;

3. Time measuring tools;

4. Quality measuring tools;

5. Force measuring tools;

6. Current, voltage and resistance measuring tools;

7. Sound measuring instruments;

8. Radio measuring instruments;

9, refractive index and average dispersion measuring instrument.

Some mechanical measuring tools, such as square and caliper, were first used in mechanical manufacturing. In the16th century, smooth gauges have been used in gun manufacturing.

1772 and 1805, J. Watt and H. Maudslay in Britain successively manufactured a watt micrometer and a calibration length measuring machine for measuring length by using the principle of screw pair.

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