Famous miser at home and abroad ~

1. Shylock (Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice)

He is a Jew, a usurer, greedy, stingy, cruel and vicious; Although he is rich, he never enjoys it and is bent on usury. Try to limit her daughter Jessica's contact with the outside world and let her elope with her lover with money; Ruthlessly abuse and deduct servants, and even don't let people eat enough; I hate Antonio, a merchant in Venice, because he is generous, helpful and hates usurers.

Shakespeare, an outstanding British dramatist, successfully portrayed Shylock as a greedy, sinister and cruel miser in The Merchant of Venice. Shylock is a bourgeois usurer. In order to make more money, he showed a fierce face in the court in Venice. "I spent a lot of money to buy this pound of meat from him. It belongs to me. I must accept it. " Like all misers, greed is its nature. Shylock refused to repay twice or even three times the loan, but insisted on cutting off a pound of meat from Antonio, a businessman. Because Antonio lent money to others without interest, which affected Shylock's usury industry, he wanted to take the opportunity to retaliate and kill Antonio, so that his usury industry could run smoothly and accumulate more wealth. Shylock, as a typical miser, has a sinister personality. When the court asked Antonio, the borrower, to repay him twice or even three times the money, Shylock said insidiously, "Even if each of the six thousand dollars can be divided into six parts, and each part can be turned into one, I don't want it. I just want to be punished according to the contract. " As he spoke, he sharpened his knife on his shoes, always ready to cut off a pound of meat from Antonio's chest, brutally killing Antonio, and stubbornly, without any sympathy. This is Shylock's personality different from other misers.

2. Abagong (the comedy "Miser" by French playwright Moliere, or translated as "Miser" and "Miser")

Abagong is a typical miser and miser. He loves money like life and is very stingy. He is not only very strict with his servants and family, but also often sleeps hungry, so that he can't sleep in the middle of the night, so he goes to the stable to steal buckwheat. He insisted that his son marry a rich widow and his daughter marry a rich master, regardless of his children's favorite object. When the money he deliberately buried in the garden was taken away, he cried for the land and was in pain, vividly depicting the image of a miser who regarded money as his life.

Moliere is good at shaping artistic images with strong generality. Abagun has almost become synonymous with meanness. The characters in Moliere's novels are vivid, but a little thin, close to what critics call "flat characters" Most of Moliere's comedies follow the classic principle of "three unifications", with concentrated conflicts and rigorous structure. Moliere often uses "farce" to create a comedy atmosphere and enhance the ironic effect of comedy.

3. Grandet (French writer Balzac's novel The Miser, originally translated by Eugene Grandet)

The "miser", that is, the slave who guards the property, should be the owner of the property and the dominator of the wealth, but Grandet has become a miser. "Seeing gold and owning it is Grandet's obsession", and money has alienated him. He drove his nephew away for property, tortured his wife to death, deprived his only daughter of the right to inherit her mother's inheritance, and prohibited her from falling in love, which ruined her life's happiness. Through the description of Grandet's life, the author profoundly exposed the naked money relationship between people in capitalist society. Greed and meanness complement each other. Misers are greedy when they gather wealth and stingy when they use it. Like other misers, Grandet is greedy and stingy.

But Balzac is generous after all. As a miser, Grandet in his works is a typical "persistent madness", especially the word "madness", which highly summarizes Grandet's personality characteristics. When middle school students appreciate this character, only by grasping the key of "madness" can they deeply understand its typicality. Grandet, who is over 76 years old, saw her daughter playing with her gold dressing box, but she "jumped on the dressing box like a tiger on a sleeping baby". A word "vertical" and a word "flapping" activated the image of old Grandet as greedy as crazy on paper. When the only daughter declared that the box was kept by the lover and sacred, the old man "pushed hard and Eugénie fell on his mother's bed." The gold inlaid in the dressing box alienated the love between father and daughter and made the miser crazy. However, the reality of robbing his daughter's dressing box made his wife lose her head, which made Grandet jump out of the crazy whirlpool and become extremely awake. "Son, let's not be angry about a box. Take it." Old Cooper immediately threw the box on the bed, went to his secret room and took a gold Louis, and threw it on the bed, claiming that it was for Eugénie. Grandet's generosity made his wife and daughter look at each other inexplicably. Only the miser knows the secret. I was angry with my wife for a dressing box, and my daughter inherited half of the property according to law, which means Grandet died. Knowing that the small loses the big, the cunning Grandet tried every means to please her daughter, even shivering in front of her daughter, pretending to use family as bait to trick her into giving up her inheritance right to her dead mother's property, and often taking advantage of her unique feelings for her lover. All these show the other side of the miser's character-"cunning". But Grandet is a gold digger after all. When he was dying, when his vitality retreated into his eyes, when he was able to open his eyes, he stared at gold for hours, and his face seemed to be in bliss. When the priest brought the gold-plated cross to his lips, kissed the icon of Christ for him and performed the dying ceremony for him, he made a terrible gesture and tried to grab the gold cross in his hand. This last effort cost him his life. The last thing he said to his daughter was "take good care of everything and pay for me over there." Crazy pursuit of money all my life, possession of money, and finally crying for money, tired of going to the grave. Money alienated him into a ghost, a crazy and cunning miser.

4.Splashkin (novel "Dead Soul" by Russian writer Nikolai Gogol)

Spirochin is a typical example of declining landlords in Russia and a microcosm of the imminent demise of Russian feudal society. Although greed and meanness are comparable to Grandet's, decay and decline are the personality of Pohiggins.

As misers, Shylock and Grandet have different personalities, but they are both greedy and stingy, and they are both representatives of the bourgeoisie trying to accumulate wealth. Nikolai Gogol's "Splashing Higgins" is a typical example of declining landlords in Russia and a microcosm of the imminent demise of Russian feudal society. Although greed and meanness are the same, decay and decline are the personality of Higgins. He is indeed a rich man, but he looks like a beggar. The landlord has more than 1000 dead souls. It is not easy to find the second person. His warehouse has so much wheat flour and agricultural products, and the drying room and tray room are stuffed with cashmere and linen, raw and cooked sheepskin, dried fish and various vegetables and fruits. However, his own food and clothing are extremely poor. The skirt is like a woman's blouse, with flour on it and a big hole in the back. The hat worn on the head, just like the hat worn by village women, has a circle of puzzling things around its neck. Is it an old sock? Belt or bandage? I don't know. But this is not a scarf. In his living room, no one believes that there is a living person living in this house, and no broken nightcap testifies on the table. There is "a wine glass with red liquid, three flies floating in it, with a piece of writing paper on it ... a yellow toothbrush, whose owner brushed his teeth before the French invaded Moscow". Bolyushin is rich, but he is still so stingy with himself. You can imagine other people. When his daughter gets married, he only sends one gift-curse; My son wrote a letter from the army asking for money to make clothes, but it was rejected. Apart from giving him some curses, it has nothing to do with his son. He doesn't even care about his life or death. His grain pile and hay pile have become real dung piles, but no one has planted cabbage on them yet; The flour in the cellar is as hard as stone, so I have to block it up with an axe ... The overflowing Higgins doesn't quite understand what he has, but he doesn't have enough. He accumulates wealth every day, and he doesn't have to clean up when he passes by, or even steal from others. This is what Polikin did.