The Golden Law of Indoor Lighting The design of three light sources is 5∶3∶1.

three kinds of lighting for room decoration, namely, centralized light source, auxiliary light source and general light source, are indispensable, and they should be used in a cross combination, and the brightness ratio is about 5∶3∶1. Centralized light source: the light of centralized light source is direct light, which shines in a limited area with concentrated direct light, so that you can see the ongoing action more clearly, especially when working, reading, cooking and dining. Because the shape of the lampshade and the position of the lamp determine the size of the light beam, the direct lamp is usually equipped with a cover or cooling air holes, and the lampshade is opaque, such as spotlight, track lamp and work lamp. Auxiliary light source: The illumination of centralized light source is very high, and eyes are prone to fatigue when they are in this environment for a long time. At this time, you need auxiliary light sources, such as standing lamps and book lamps, to adjust the indoor light difference, so that your eyes can feel comfortable. The lighting of auxiliary light source belongs to diffuse light, and the light it spreads to every corner of the house is the same. Generally speaking, lamps with scattered light should be used with direct light. Illuminated light source: The ceiling lamp is the floodlit light source, usually it is the main light in the house, also known as the background light, which can raise the indoor light source to a certain brightness and provide the same light for the whole room, so there will be no obvious shadow, and there is no serious contrast between where the light shines and where it does not shine. But because it must be used with other light, it should not be very bright. Compared with other light sources in the home, it has the lowest brightness. In short, this set of "golden rule of 5∶3∶1 lamps", the so-called "5" refers to the concentrated light with the strongest brightness, such as projection lamps; "3" refers to the auxiliary light source that gives people a soft feeling; "1" is the light source that provides the most basic lighting for the whole room. If people can master the basic knowledge of light and color scientifically, and then combine the space size, the combination of furniture, the functional requirements of various rooms, the mutual collocation of light and shade, and make careful design arrangements, it will definitely add infinite interest and many unexpected artistic effects to the room. The colors of commonly used lamps are cold and warm, which can be used to adjust people's feeling of indoor light color. For example, installing a warm incandescent lamp in the center of the room, plus a beautiful ivory translucent glass cover, the light it emits is warm, clear, peaceful and quiet, giving people an elegant and fresh feeling; If the white light with cold hue is treated as reflective lighting in the form of dark light, the low room or small room can be bright and open.

The change of light is closely related to the wall color and lighting effect. If the indoor walls are blue or green, fluorescent lamps should not be used, but yellow lights with sunshine should be chosen, which can give people a sense of warmth; If the wall is light yellow or beige, you can use a cold fluorescent lamp. Because yellow has the shortest reflection line to the cold light source, it does not irritate people's eyes; If there is a set of chestnut or brown furniture in the room, it is suitable to use yellow light, which can form a broad atmosphere.

If the ceiling is painted with elegant and cool colors, and dark decorative lights are installed around the ceiling, it will make people feel that the ceiling has risen a lot, and it is better to use all-round lighting indoors than direct lighting. The use of ceiling lamps will also make the room profound and open, and full of modern sense. Some people use specially made positive landscape color photos to make black-box lamps embedded in the wall, which will also expand the room's vision. If this kind of painting mirror is used on the dark indoor wall, it will make people feel that this wall has opened another window, which is particularly bright and the scenery is pleasant.

In the setting of modern rooms, ivory and light yellow desk lamps are often used for decoration and lighting adjustment at the corner of the wall, which makes the corner with extremely poor lighting radiant and unique.

residential lighting residential lighting should choose incandescent lamps and rare earth energy-saving fluorescent lamps as the main lighting sources.

Residential lighting design should make indoor light environment practical and comfortable. Bedrooms and restaurants should use light sources with low color temperature.

The lighting of the living room should consider the requirements of multifunctional use, such as general lighting, decorative lighting, floor lamps, etc. Sometimes, dimming devices can be set in the living room to meet the needs of different functions.

hanging lamps should be used in the local lighting of the dining room, aiming at highlighting the effect of the dining table, and general lighting should be set at the same time, so that the whole room has a certain degree of brightness and shows a sense of cleanliness.

kitchen lamps should be of easy-to-clean type, such as glass or enamel lampshades with moisture-proof lampholders, and should be consistent with or similar to the color rendering of lighting sources used in restaurants.

The entrance hall is the place that gives people the first impression when entering the room, so it should be bright, and the position of lamps should be considered at the junction of the entrance and the deep indoor, so as to avoid the shadow on the visitor's face.

installing lights on cabinets or walls in the foyer will make the foyer feel spacious.

the lighting in the corridor should be placed in the entrance and exit of the room, closets, especially in the starting and directional position of stairs. When setting the chandelier, the lower end of the lighting should be 1.9M from the ground. The bathroom needs bright and soft light. Because the illuminator in the bathroom is frequently switched on and off, it is more appropriate to choose incandescent lamp as the light source.

the position of the lamps in the bathroom should avoid being installed on or behind the toilet or bathtub. If the switch is a seesaw, it should be located outside the bathroom door, otherwise, a moisture-proof and waterproof panel or a cable switch operated by an insulating rope should be adopted.

the lighting fixtures in the toilet should be installed in front of the toilet.

The arrangement of lights and power sockets in separable residential (apartment) units should adapt to the changes when light walls are arbitrarily separated. Hanging sockets can be set on the ceiling, decorative multifunctional trunking can be adopted, or lighting lamps and electrical devices can be combined with furniture and walls.

The square hall, passageway and toilet in the senior residence (apartment) should adopt the rocker switch with indicator light.

when a monitor is installed for prevention, its function should be linked with the channel lighting and alarm bell in the unit.

The staircase lights in the apartment should be combined with the floor number display, and the public lighting can be controlled centrally in the management room. If the timer switch is used for the stair lights of high-rise residential buildings, the flowing energy should be limited and forced to switch to the point-high state in case of accident.

the general lighting in each household should be wired separately from the socket, and besides overload and short circuit protection, leakage protection and protection devices with over-voltage and under-voltage protection functions should be installed in the socket circuit of each household.

Fluorescent lamps should be selected as the lighting source for single dormitory, and the lamps should be arranged perpendicular to the external windows. Each indoor socket should not be less than 2 sets. When conditions permit, the power limiter can be used to control the power load of each room or take other power limiting measures. There should also be sockets in the public activity room. Commercial lighting

Lighting design of lobby, entrance hall and four seasons hall: The light source should be designed by combining the main decorative lighting (decorative lamps, architectural lighting combined with decoration) with general functional lighting, which should meet the needs of functions and reflect decoration.

the overall illumination should be bright and uniform. The light sources are mainly incandescent lamps and low-pressure tungsten halogen lamps. The lighting method should be inconspicuous downward lighting lamps (such as downlights and spotlights).

dimming equipment should be set up, or indoor lighting should be controlled by shunt control to adapt to the change of lighting (such as different indoor illumination during the day and at night).

Wall lamps, floor lamps, desk lamps and other lighting can be installed in the lobby, Four Seasons Hall and other tall spaces to improve the lack of top lighting and enrich the space level.

the lighting at the service desk should be brighter and eye-catching in the hall, so the local illumination is higher than other places.

in order to avoid glare, the lighting of the service desk should be such that customers can't see the light source.

the lighting of stairs should be concealed to avoid glare, but there should be enough illumination. The light source can be placed under handrails, steps or corners to directly illuminate the stairs.

the lighting in the corridor should be brighter, and the illumination should be between 75 and 75-15LX.

the lamps in the corridor should be arranged evenly, and embedded installation is appropriate. The light source shall be incandescent lamp. If the floor is large, wall lamps can be used for lighting.

the lighting in the lounge area in the lobby should not be too prominent, and glare should be avoided. The light source can be set on the table (such as a desk lamp) or a floor lamp.

The lighting of signs should not be prominent. For the purpose of only illuminating signs, spotlights, light boxes, etc. can be selected.

the lighting in the lobby, entrance hall or four seasons hall should be centrally controlled in the main service desk or the main control room. Emergency lighting should be set on main floors, stairs, entrances and exits, and traffic arteries.

Lighting design of multi-function hall, dining room and entertainment place:

The lighting design of multi-function hall should adopt various lighting combination design methods, and at the same time adopt dimming devices to meet the needs of different functions and uses. Lighting control should be operated in the hall and the lighting control room.

there should be enough sockets in the multifunctional hall.

The lighting design of bars, cafes, tea rooms, etc. should adopt low illumination level and be dimmable. Candlesticks, table lamps and other local low illumination can be set on the dining table. However, the illumination at the entrance and cashier's desk should be high to meet the functional needs.

the illuminance of indoor art decorations can be selected according to the following principles: when the reflection coefficient of decorative materials is greater than 8%, it is 3LX；; When the reflection coefficient is 5%-8%, it is 3-75LX.

the illuminance of the revolving hall on the roof should not be lower than .5LX when viewing.

lighting design in guest rooms: ceiling lamps and chandeliers should be set less in the setting of lamps in guest rooms, and various lamps with different purposes should be set according to functional requirements, such as bedside lamps, floor lamps, table lamps, wall lamps and night lamps. The light source is mainly incandescent lamp.

The bedside lighting should be free from glare and hand shadow when sleeping and reading, and can be turned on and off within reach.

the bedside lighting fixtures should be dimmed. There should be standby lighting on the passage of the guest room.

guest room lighting should prevent uncomfortable glare and light curtain reflection. The brightness of lamps set on the writing desk should not be greater than 51cd/ m2, and should not be less than 17cd/ m2.

for the lighting of the dressing mirror in the guest room and the cosmetic mirror in the bathroom, the lamps should be installed outside the solid angle of the visual field of 6 degrees, and the brightness of the lamps should not be greater than 21cd/ m2, and the lighting control of the bathroom should be located outside the bathroom door.

the entrance of the guest room should be equipped with a switch to cut off the power except the refrigerator and channel lights.

Lighting design of dining environment In the lighting design of dining environment, to create a good atmosphere, the choice of light sources and lamps is wide, but it should be coordinated with the indoor environment style.

In order to make the colors of meals and drinks realistic, the color rendering of light sources is better.

In creating a comfortable dining environment, incandescent lamps are used more than fluorescent lamps.

Local lighting around the table, recess and seat is helpful to create a friendly atmosphere. It is essential to set up a dimmer in the dining room. The foreground lighting in the restaurant can be about 1LX, and the lighting on the table should be between 3-75LX.

generally, low color temperature light source is easy to use in low illumination. As the illumination becomes higher, there is a tendency to white light. For lighting equipment with high illumination level, it will be sultry if a low color temperature light source is used. For the environment with low illumination, if a light source with high color temperature is used, there will be a blue and white gloomy atmosphere. However, in order to see the color of meals and drinks well, we should choose a light source with a high color index.

multifunctional banquet hall, a large and changeable space for banquets and other functions. Therefore, in the choice of illuminators, two or four continuous decorative lighting methods should be adopted. The decoration style should be coordinated with the overall indoor style, and the illumination should reach 75LX. In order to meet various functional requirements, a dimmer can be installed.

Flavor restaurants are restaurants that provide customers with local dishes, and the corresponding indoor environment should also have local characteristics. The following methods can be used in lighting design: using lamps with national characteristics; Using local materials to design lamps; Use local special lighting methods; Lighting is combined with architectural decoration to highlight the indoor characteristic decoration.

Special restaurants, emotional restaurants and indoor environment are not limited by the characteristics of dishes. Environmental design should consider giving people a certain feeling and atmosphere. To achieve this goal, lighting can take various forms.

the lighting of fast-food restaurants can be varied, and all kinds of architectural lighting, decorative lighting and advertising lighting can be used. However, the design should be coordinated with the environment and customer psychology. General fast-food restaurant lighting should adopt concise and modern form.

the lighting intensity in the bar room should be moderate, and the working area and display part behind the bar should have high local lighting to attract people's attention and facilitate operation (the illumination is -32LX). A light trough can be set under the bar to illuminate the surrounding ground, giving people a sense of stability, and the indoor environment should be dark, so that lighting can be used to form fun and create different personalities. Lighting can be used on the dining table or decoration, and higher lighting is needed only when cleaning.

office lighting

office hours are almost during the day, so artificial lighting should be combined with natural lighting to form a comfortable lighting environment.

fluorescent lamps are suitable for office lighting.

the adjacent surface of visual work and the decorative performance in the room should use dull decorative materials.

The general lighting of the office should be designed on both sides of the work area. When fluorescent lamps are used, the longitudinal axis of the lamps should be parallel to the horizontal line of sight. Lamps and lanterns should not be arranged in front of the working position.

when it is difficult to determine the working position, you can choose a bidirectional bat-wing light distribution lamp with large luminous area and low brightness.

In an office building with computer terminal equipment, images of people and things (such as lamps, furniture, windows, etc.) should be avoided on the screen.

an ideal office environment and ways to avoid light reflection.

the lighting of the manager's office should consider the illumination of the desk, the illumination of the reception space and the necessary electrical equipment.

the lighting above the conference table should be considered for the lighting of the conference room. Give people a sense of center and concentration. Illumination should be appropriate, and auxiliary lighting should be added around.

for the lighting of the stage area of the auditorium, which is mainly for assembly, the ceiling lamp can be used with auxiliary lighting installed in front of the stage, and the average vertical illumination should not be less than 3LX.

You can use the mouse to move the light source

Configuration of study lamps:

The study is a place for family members to study, and the local lighting effect of the lights should be paid attention to. The selection of lamps should not only fully consider the brightness, but also the color and characteristics of the appearance, so as to be suitable for the quiet and elegant study environment of the study. General work and study lighting can use local lighting lamps, and incandescent lamps with higher power are better. The location is not necessarily in the center, but can be decided according to the specific indoor conditions. The shape and style of lamps should not be too gorgeous. It is better to be elegant and beautiful, and create an installation and quiet environment for people to read.

configuration of desk lamps: the selection of desk lamps should be adapted to the nature of work and learning needs, and it is not advisable to use colored glass diffuse or gauze cover decorative craft desk lamps, because the lighting function is less considered and the decorative effect is more emphasized. Here, we should choose a direct desk lamp with a reflective cover and an opening at the lower part, that is, a working desk lamp or a writing desk lamp. The light sources of desk lamps are usually incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps. The color rendering index of incandescent lamps is higher than that of fluorescent lamps, while the luminous efficiency of fluorescent lamps is higher than that of incandescent lamps. Each of them has its own advantages and can be selected according to the needs of each person or the hobby of lamps' modeling styles. The new energy-saving light source, H fluorescent lamps, not only has the advantages of incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps,