How to shoot a documentary?

In the book "Western Movies and Our Movies" published by the Soviet Union in 1928, luna Kaski recalled Lenin's oral instructions on international news films in 192 1 year. According to Lu, what was Lenin's speech? A newsreel that widely reports news should have a proper image, that is, a visualized political commentary? . Therefore, Lenin said? Visual political theory? Only news clips. Later, Soviet documentary theorist Grigorev and others put? Visual political theory? Interpretation is Lenin's definition of documentary. Since then, the dissemination of false information has long influenced people's concept of documentary, making the theme and style of documentary more and more rigid.

2. There are several types of documentaries.

A common form of (1) is to promote the same central theme or present an overview through extensive regional communication and several interrelated typical coherent reports. We can call it. Overview of the movie? Such as Roaming in Dalian and Impression of West Germany.

(2) introduce a typical unit, analyze a contradiction or solve or overcome a difficulty, which we can call? Close-up? . For example, zuider zee by Evans, and China's TV documentaries, such as Let Go of the Deer, chengdu-chongqing railway, Building Roads in the Deep Mountains, and Seeking Water from Qingshishan, are the most commonly used genres of TV documentaries.

(3) tourist films. It is a travel story recorded with a camera, or a sketch of a geographical landscape. Often lacking the central content, it is more about improvising local customs and people's life scenes, giving the audience a general impression. Some excellent scenic films often contain feelings in the scenery. Through the objective reflection of scenery, products and characters' lives, the reporter's thoughts and feelings are entrusted, which gives people great encouragement and education. For example, Evans' masterpiece "Early Spring" and China's excellent documentary "Riptide" and so on. This kind of film needs a lot of photography, editing and editing skills, otherwise it will be boring? Big platter? . The better scenery films are Spring and Summer in Yugoslavia, and China's TV series Qingdao, Tibet and A Trip to Yaoshan also belong to this category.

(4) highlights. For example, sports documentaries, stage documentaries, and documentaries introducing arts and crafts, painting and sculpture are highly ornamental and knowledgeable, and do not necessarily have a distinct and prominent central content. For example, the stage of the capital festival, gymnastics, Handan ceramics and so on.

(5) interview film. It is a photographic record of an in-depth visit to a specific object.

3. The main line of the documentary

The main thread is the main clue that runs through the documentary, including the process of revealing contradictions, showing contradictions, forming contradictions and solving contradictions. For example, documentaries such as "Manzhuang Township in Liu Qing" and "Asking for Water from Qingshishan" are all there? Water? Make a fuss about the text, and develop the theme of the film around the central contradiction of water conservancy construction. As a form of publicity and education of visual image, on the basis of grasping the main line, we should also consider arranging the main images that run through the whole film. It can be the protagonist or an object that embodies the main line (such as the water in the above films). The role of the main line is to make the theme more vivid and profound, and to make the film layered, layered and more attractive. However, the main line cannot be a necessary condition for documentaries, because there are many genres of documentaries that don't care about the main line.

4. Details of the documentary

Documentary doesn't have to have a plot, but it has to have details. With details, the subject of photography can be deeper and more vivid. Does the photographer capture this detail from real life or rely on it? Pick, wait, grab? Interview photography is taken, not compiled by the director, but performed by people. This kind of detail is not necessarily dramatic and story-telling. It is often through the careful observation of editors and reporters that the typical behaviors, actions and expressions of the subject with distinctive characteristics and personality are captured, or the object is regarded as a person, from? Things? It traces the thoughts, virtues and behaviors of exploration (the documentary "Premier Zhou's Office" is a successful example in this respect). This kind of detail often does not need too extensive elaboration, nor too much carving, only one or two delicate close-ups and close-ups can have an effect.

5. suspense of documentary

? Suspense is often used in documentaries. Express it in popular words. Suspense, right? Suspense . Clever use? Suspense is helpful to the development of the main line of the documentary and the formation of the plot. It puts forward contradictions in a concentrated and prominent way, and then analyzes and solves contradictions from far to near and from the outside to the inside, so that the theme of the film is gradually deepened, the structure is ups and downs, and the levels are clear. The arrangement for the appearance of comaneci, a famous Romanian female gymnast, in Beautiful Melody takes advantage of this? The role of suspense. At the beginning of the film, comaneci came to China and walked out of the airport with China female athletes in slow motion. Subsequently, comaneci's glorious course in sports was introduced with pictures, which made comaneci leave a deep impression on the audience. People are looking forward to seeing what amazing new achievements this excellent gymnast, who won the Olympic gymnastics world championship twice, has made in the Shanghai International Gymnastics Invitational Tournament. However, after a long film, comaneci never launched it. After all the women's gymnastics events were introduced, comaneci focused on how to participate in the team competition with tenacious perseverance and win honor for the Romanian gymnastics team, thus bringing the film to a climax.

6. What are the similarities and differences between documentaries and newsreels?

Documentaries and newsreels are characterized by not being good at describing personal inner conflicts, but only expressing people through their objective world and surrounding environment.

The difference between documentaries and newsreels is that although they both reflect the real world, their methods are different. News documentaries always reflect the important news and current events that can attract general attention in a short, objective and neutral way, while documentaries do not need to be objective, so that filmmakers can process materials from different purposes and obtain different effects. It can be a photo report that does not show any attitude, or it can be a work with strong political inclination or social purpose.

Newsreels should report recent (or discovered) facts. Generally, only a certain segment of a certain time and environment is reported. Is this an event? Cross section? This is the task of documentary. Today, news means events that happen on the same day or even within a few hours. Newsreels have been replaced by TV news by electronic means because of their complexity and slow creation, which is far from meeting the requirements of timeliness. Walter cronkite, a former TV news anchor of CBS, said that TV news? It is the first step to report a thing, and it is the general index of a day's news. But we can't report many news in the world in depth in just half an hour. ? Cronkite accurately explained the TV news, which is today's? News clips? Mission. Obviously, the task of documentary is quite different from this. So-called? News documentary? If it refers to a complete, detailed and systematic explanatory report on news events, what is it internationally called? Did news topic report it? Or take news documentary as a style of documentary.

7. What are the two creative tendencies of documentaries?

There are always two creative tendencies in documentary practice: one is realism, which focuses on recording reality in the form of investigation reports;

Secondly, the modeling tendency can also be summarized as expressionism tendency.

It should be said that any documentary, regardless of its purpose, tends to show reality. However, producers often have the desire to shape. The producer's impulse to shape makes the documentary break away from the tendency of realism, and the desire to shape is in an overwhelming position.

The key to success is to master the sense of proportion, and don't let the impulse of modeling reach the point where it makes you fake and fictional. Some documentaries, with actors' performances, are true and false, with different styles, have lost their touching power. Realistic tendency requires restraining the impulse to pursue formal beauty, and preferring simplicity rather than carving in photography and editing. For example, Evans said in the filming of Bolinachi Mining Area that this film shows the life and struggle of Belgian coal miners. We feel that under extremely difficult conditions, it will be an insult to these people to use any photography style that prevents us from telling everyone their pain directly and faithfully. ?

8. The status of documentary reviews.

Commentary is an important part of documentary. It is based on the picture content and written according to the development of the picture content. The function of explanation is to supplement and perfect the picture, rather than simply repeating the picture.

Generally speaking, documentaries show pictures first, and then explain them (of course, this does not rule out that when we draft the shooting outline, we will make a preliminary design of the explanation in combination with the design of the pictures. Some documentaries adapted from historical materials can even be explained before editing. However, in the final formal creation of the commentary, it is still necessary to edit the picture before writing.

Therefore, it is necessary to have the structure of the whole program in order to have the structure of the commentary.

The layout of the explanation is set according to the needs of the development of the picture content, and it must not be separated from the idea of explaining the picture content alone.