What is the golden ratio of learning photography?

Divide the known line segment into two parts, so that one part is the proportional median of the whole line segment, and the other part is the golden section problem mentioned in the middle school geometry textbook. If c is the bifurcation point of the line segment AB that meets the conditions, the AC can be about 0.6 18AB. This division is called golden section in textbooks, and we can sometimes say that line segments are divided into middle-end ratio, Chinese-foreign ratio or external-internal ratio. If represented by g, g is called golden ratio or golden ratio.

The golden section in human aesthetics

The aesthetic observation of human body is influenced by many factors such as race, society and individual, which involves the dialectical unity of form and spirit, part and whole. Only when the whole is harmonious and proportional can it be called complete beauty. The issues discussed this time are mainly some laws of aesthetic observation.

(1) The golden section law was discovered by Pythagoras, an ancient Greek mathematician in the 6th century BC, and later called it the golden section by Plato, an ancient Greek aesthete. This is actually a numerical proportional relationship, that is, dividing a line into two parts. At this time, the ratio of long segment to short segment is exactly equal to the ratio of the whole line to long segment, and its numerical ratio is 1.6 18: 1 or 1: 0.6 18, that is to say, long. 0.6 18, with strict proportionality, artistry and harmony, contains rich aesthetic value. Why do people instinctively feel the existence of beauty for such a proportion? In fact, this is closely related to the evolution of human beings and the normal development of human bodies. According to research, in the process of evolution from apes to humans, the skull and leg bones changed the most and the body shape changed the least, because it was similar to gold. Many proportions in the human body structure are close to 0.6 18, so the beauty of the human body is fixed in the historical accumulation of hundreds of thousands of years. Humans are most familiar with themselves, and they will inevitably regard the beauty of the human body as the highest aesthetic standard, which is derived from things and people and from people and things. Any object similar to the human body likes it and feels beautiful. Therefore, the golden section law, as an important law of formal beauty, has become an aesthetic classic law handed down from generation to generation, and it has never failed! In recent years, when studying the relationship between the golden section and the human body, it has been found that there are 14 "golden points" (the ratio of short segment to long segment of an object is 0.6 18), 12 "golden rectangles" (the width-length ratio is 0.6 18) and two "golden rectangles". Golden point: (1) navel: the dividing point between the top of the head and the bottom of the foot; (2) Throat: the dividing point between the top of the head and the navel; (3), (4) Knee joint: the dividing point between navel and sole; (5) and (6) Elbow joint: the dividing point between shoulder joint and middle fingertip; (7) and (8) nipple: the dividing point on the longitudinal axis of trunk nipple; (9) Eyebrow point: the dividing point between hairline and chin base 1/3 and 2/3; (10) Subnasal point: the dividing point between hairline and chin base 1/3 and 2/3; (1 1) lip bead point: the dividing point of 1/3 and the middle and lower 2/3 of the distance between the nasal floor and the mental floor; (12) straight point of chin labial groove: the dividing point between 1/3 and upper middle 2/3 is the distance between nose base and chin base; (13) Left corner point: the boundary point between the left 1/3 and the right 2/3 of the horizontal line of the oral fissure; (14) Right corner point: the boundary point between the right 1/3 and the left 2/3 of the horizontal line of the oral fissure. Golden section law of face: golden rectangle of face with three courts and five eyes: (1) Body contour: shoulder width, hip breadth average width, and height from shoulder peak to hip base; (2) Facial contour: the horizontal face of eyes is wide, and the distance from hairline to the bottom of chin is long; (3) Nose contour: the alar is wide and the distance from the nasal root to the nasal floor is long; (4) Lip contour: At rest, the distance between the peaks of the upper and lower lips is wider, and the distance between the lips is longer; (5) and (6) Hand contour: the transverse diameter of the hand is wide, and the average length is taken when the five fingers are together; (7), (8), (9), (10), (1 1), (12) Maxillary incisors, lateral incisors and canine profiles (three on the left and three on the right): the largest mesial and distal diameters.

Golden Index: (1) Nose and lip index reflecting the relationship between the nose and mouth: the ratio of the width of the nose wing to the distance between the corners of the mouth is close to the golden number; (2) Eye-lip index reflecting the relationship between eyes and mouth: the ratio of the distance between the corners of the mouth and the outer canthus of the eyes is close to the golden number. As one of the standard scales of bodybuilding, 0.6 18 is beyond reproach, but it has "fuzzy characteristics". Like other aesthetic parameters, it has an allowable range of change, which is restricted by ethnic, regional and individual differences.

(2) The proportional relationship is to express the beauty of the human body with figures and compare them according to certain benchmarks. The method of judging the proportional relationship between a certain part of the same human body and the human body is called the same body method (see the middle picture). Divided into three groups: coefficient method, constant finger height and length index, such as human body sitting five times and standing seven times, that is, the height is five times the height of head when sitting, and 7 or 7.5 times when standing; Percentage method, the body length is regarded as 100%, and the proportion of all parts of the body in it; Dichotomy: that is, the human body is divided into two parts, most of which are from the foot to the navel, and a small part is from the navel to the top of the head. Standard face, its length-width ratio is coordinated, which accords with three stops and five eyes (see the right picture). Three stops refers to the length of the face, and the distance from the hairline of the head to the chin is divided into three equal parts, that is, from the hairline to the eyebrows, from the eyebrows to the tip of the nose, and from the tip of the nose to the chin. Each equal part is called one stop and three stops; Five eyes refers to the width of the face, and the frontal projection length between the two ears is the length of five-eye fissure. Except for eye fissure, the distance between the inner canthus and the outer canthus on both sides is the length from one eye fissure to the ear.