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From the early railway police to the present

Maryland and South Carolina were the first railways built in early 1830. By 1835, parts of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Indiana, Louisiana, Ohio, Michigan and Illinois had more than 200 railways and major railways of about 1000 miles. The railway has exceeded 9000 miles of the main line to 1850, in the eastern States. 185 1 year, the railway crossed the Mississippi River and began to expand westward. By 1860, more than 30,000 people had established a new city, settled on the railway stretching for miles, and embarked on their road of explorers.

With the establishment of these railway towns, crimes often go hand in hand. At that time, there was no railway police, usually there was no other form of law enforcement. Indiscriminate non-governmental organizations usually maintain law and order. The productivity of these gangs is not high, which leads to the railway being caught in a train looking for criminals to steal luggage, goods and livestock.

Benjamin latrobe, chief engineer of Baltimore and Ohio Railway Company, established one of the police forces with the earliest known railways in 1849. With the help of Sherif Sakura Martin of Preston County, West Virginia, they arrested striking workers who were beaten by other workers. This gave latrobe the idea of creating his own railway police force, which was completely hired and paid by the railway. The meeting decided that these people will be awarded by Preston County, so that their official actions will be protected by law.

Latrobe's troops will be under the responsibility of 12 workers, while the railway continues to expand. Everyone will pay an instruction of $65,438+$0.25 every day for "arresting troublemakers and making life and death."

Later that year, John Watson, the leader of latrobe Police Force, saw their first actual action at the construction site of Jinhua Tunnel. They met more than 200 thugs who were shot by workers in the coal mine. Watson and his men shot, collected strikers and drove them away. Watson's men saw violent strikes by other teams in Cumberland, Maryland, and Wheeling, West Virginia.

By 1853, there are about 60 numbered police forces on the Baltimore and Ohio railways. Many of them put forward the western railway as the railway in this field after finishing their work. Some places they have been to need their services in the western States.

Before most railways, the civil war did not have its own police force, nor did it have one of the secret work and investigation experiences. Due to the loss of installation, it is necessary for the railway to protect itself and organize crime. The contractor was hired to investigate the loss of freight and luggage and divided it into millions of dollars for installation. One of the contractors is probably the most famous one in Pinkerton, Allen. He used many methods to solve the railway theft. He regarded himself as a stealing employee, and looked at the command ability of the passengers undercover. Together with other employees, they paid attention to the theft of passengers or tramps. One of them, Pinkerton, used James mcparland as a pickpocket and thief to watch the command work. Later, he was successfully used against "Molly Maguire", who burned the bridge, destroyed the train carriages and committed other railway-related crimes.

Allen Pinkerton was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and his father was a policeman. After he moved to America on 1842, he worked as a barrel manufacturer for many years. When he was a lumberjack in Illinois, he helped the local police to catch the counterfeiting gang. Shortly after his desire to enforce the law, he was employed by the Kane County Sheriff's Office. The Chicago Police Department where Pinkerton went to work became their first detective.

Only two years later, the detective left Rock Island, the Chicago Union Railway Contract signed by Galena and Chicago Police Department (the latter will go to Chicago and the West North American Railway Company), and the railway in central Illinois. For his company, crimes related to railway work only need contracts. He set up a police detective named Northwest Bureau to investigate his railway Pinkerton Company and changed its name to National Detective Office. The agency is their kind and has the right to arrest any criminal in the country as the first agent.

Pinkerton knows how undercover investigators and successful people spend their money. He employs former policemen and trained artists. His organization specializes in protecting gold, tobacco, silk and passengers. His first major investigation took place in 1854, when a train was stolen from Montgomery, Alabama and Augusta, Georgia. Pinkerton received a letter from Edward Sanford, vice president of Adams Express Company, and he lost 654.38 million yuan from a relatively locked fund bag. According to the information Pinkerton got from this letter, he believed that the thief was Nathan maroni, the office manager of the company in Montgomery, Alabama. Pinkerton said Sanford had been watching maroni before he got sick again.

Sanford did not answer or heed Pinkerton's warning. This led maroni to steal money again, and Adams Express hired former Pinkerton to solve the case. The success of this case was a turning point in Pinkerton's career. This led to work in different fields and allowed him to use newly developed investigation methods to solve many other major crimes.

Since the end of the civil war, railways have been used to guide the rapid economic growth of the whole country. They became small towns with commercial centers, and some wealthy entrepreneurs entered them, including workers, bandits and others. As the railway continued to develop westward, criminals began to rob and steal passengers, trucks and cars. In their bold robbery, these American gangsters were well equipped. They subdue people, including blow up bridges, tunnels, stations, tracks, automobile manufacturing and railways, and carry thousands of dollars, jewels and other goods. However, one of the most successful and easiest ways to stop a train is to wave a red lantern in front of the train to signal it to stop. There have been many robberies in these places, and in some places, passengers and railway employees have been killed in gun battles. This began the era of banning Jesse and Frank James Youngers, Renault and Dalton Brothers, Triple Bass, Belle Star and others.

1October 6th, 1866, 10 is the first known train robbery. Three masked gangsters boarded the Ohio and Mississippi River trains and left after Seymour, Indiana. John and Simeon Reynolds and Franklin Spark knocked down the moving train in the first two safes, totaling 45,000 yuan, which freed them from the coma of the guards.

Allen Pinkerton demanded an immediate investigation into the robbery. His knowledge of the area helps to solve this situation. He knew that Seymour's knowledge or the Renault brothers' approval did not solve the problem. Pinkerton used it immediately in this situation, undercover. Dick Winscott is one of Pinkerton's best agents. He works as a bartender in the place where the Renault brothers drink and gamble. One night, while John Reynolds and Spark were drinking, Winscott persuaded the photographer who had just walked into the bar to take pictures of them. They agreed to let the photographer take pictures, and the photographer was Pinkerton's other agent. This photo was immediately sent to Pinkerton's office and successfully used to identify the train robbers.

Other gangsters began to imitate this crime, but it would be the last time that Allen Pinkerton became a gangster. His two sons, William and Robert, will put themselves in the position of 19 th century America's most famous criminals chasing James' juvenile gang.

In the banned 65438+60s, the railway realized the demand of its own police department. This is usually taken by the superintendent or the manager of the department who is also employed by the police department. This is not a time for men to be timid. Railway police are tall, strong and aggressive men. They can protect themselves. Many railway agents fought gun battles with criminals who lost their lives, trying to protect railway employees, passengers and goods.

Railways also realize that they need to protect employees and more advanced railway freight thieves' yards. In order to solve this problem, they began to hire guards, who are not suitable for other handicraft employees. These people have no training. They handed in guns, badges and batons and told them to protect railway property and employees. Railways don't look like the quality of railway employment surveyed by Allen Pinkerton, one man and one woman. As the railway police is still in its infancy, they still need Allen Pinkerton and his son to handle their investigation. Two agents of Pinkerton once hunted down James gang members, younger brother and Sunset Yellow Sand. They were Charles Siringo and James McPalander. Pinkerton Detective Agency Company and other railway police have succeeded in catching many gang members to some extent and chasing others all over the country. However, Pinkerton's agents John Che, Louis Dunn and John Boyle were killed in a gun battle with these organizations.

In James's book, young people committed seven train robberies in their time. This gang usually averages about 12 Frank James, jesse james, and Cole young men by their * * *. There are at least 4 1 gangs in history, in which they gallop infamous days. They were involved in the following train robberies:

,1873 July 2 1, Rock Island and Pacific Railway Company, Adail, Iowa, 6000 yuan.

,1874 65438+1October 3 1, Jiashan, Missouri, Tieshan Railway, 1.2 million yuan.

,1874 65438+February 8, reported by Mansi, K. Pacific Railroad, Kansas, Texas, $55,000

-1July 7, 876, Xi 'an Intercept, Mo, Missouri Pacific Railway Company, 1.5 million yuan.

,1879101October 8th, Glendale, Missouri, Chicago and alton Railway, 40,000 USD.

,1881July 15, Winston, Missouri, Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway Company, 2000 yuan.

,1881September 7, Chicago-alton Railway, Glendale, Missouri, 1.5 million yuan.

James, this young man has just written down the following people killed by Pinkerton and railway attendants:

Edwin/Edward Daniels, Pinkerton agent, shot and tried to arrest young people.

Captain Louis J. Calm, an agent from Pinkerton, Chicago, shot and tried to arrest the young man.

-Jack Ladd, considered a Pinkerton spy, is generally regarded as revenge for the bombing of James Pinkerton's farm in June+10, 5438.

-John Rafferty, a robbery engineer at Dell, was crushed and overthrown by the engine.

-William Westford, conductor of Winston, Missouri, is said to have brought Pinkerton to James Farm, 65438+ 18751October 25th.

John W. Che, a Pinkerton detective, was killed at 1874.

With the continuous westward advance of railways, many areas became countries decades earlier than them. They enter anyone's law enforcement judicial responsibility. Usually, the Railway Secret Service (Railway Police) is the only law enforcement agency in this area to prevent criminals, Indian Railways and other criminals from plundering railways. Union Pacific, Denver and Rio Grande, Santa Fe, South Pacific, St. Louis and San Francisco all have railway agents working in the plain area and the westernmost part. Tel: 1870.

It was during the establishment of the names of these two railway policemen. The East often uses the title of "detective", while the West uses the title of "agent" to address the railway police. These conditions are still used in the police work of modern railways. The eastern railway is mainly used by uniformed personnel to prevent crime and chaos. Their hierarchical structure is similar, and they are all municipal police stations. The western railway is more likely to be with the American sheriff and Marshall, so they developed a patrol organization that rarely relied on unity. Their work is more likely to be investigation type, mainly used for plainclothes police.

About two famous railway policemen in this period, Bat masterson and Earp. Masterson is the Sharif of Dodge City. 1878, Rio Grande Railway Company and Santa Fe Railway Company between Denver had an argument and fought. William barstow is the vice president and general manager of Santa Fe Railway Company. He employs 65,438+000 armed men to protect his railway, but he needs to work for this group. He hired this responsible bat. Masterson stayed before the conflict and resolved the conflict in court, which is considered to be the first management of Santa Fe Railway Police.

Masterson and Earp and others hired special missions much like the local police, and hired today's special events.

From 1896 to 190 1 year, four foreign train robberies occurred, one of which was called "great train robbery". 1899 On June 2nd, at sunset, Huangsha marked the opening of an express train of an alliance near the Pacific Ocean in willcocks, Wyoming and the use of explosives. They plundered 30 thousand yuan; But the money was also blown up by explosives, and most of it was gone with the wind. Their next robbery, Tipton, Wyoming, was also the Pacific Union Train. The last time was in Montana, Malta. They robbed the "Great Northern Wilderness" train and escaped with 45,000 yuan.

This is not the only train robbed by gangs. Pacific alliance met these robbers "Gentleman" Carlisle, Jones Brothers, Charlie Manning and "Big Nose" George Parrot. Sam Bass, Bill Turin and Ruby Cave, victims of Missouri Pacific, are such insidious villains.

Further south, on the Kansas, Missouri and Texas (Katie) lines, Nathaniel likes "Texas Jack" Reid, Al Spencer, Thomas Tillington and Starr Steele. However, dalton Steele has become the most troublesome freisa for Katie police JJ.

After hearing that Dalton gang planned to rob Katie train on July 14, in pryor, Oklahoma, Captain Jack Kinney, the chief detective of Katie Railway on June 1892, Indian police chief Charles Lahua and other armed guards were arranged on the train in Muskogi, Oklahoma. Katie flew to pryor, but Dalton didn't show up. The train continued to deal with law enforcement officers, laughing at what would happen if Dalton arrived in pryor. Shortly after Adail arrived, several people were injured by gunfire, as well as Captain Jack and Sheriff LaFlore. Dalton's gang made a courier of 27,000 yuan and escaped from a clean place.

Captain Jack later became the first president of Missouri Administration, Kansas, Texas (Katie) Railway and the head of 1896 International Police.

Another agent, the railway robber, is Bill Canada, the special agent of the United Pacific Administration. He was appointed as 189 1. On June 1 day, harriman, Chairman of the Asia-Pacific Region of the Alliance and Director of the Hypertension Secret Service, supervised all the roads that formed the United Pacific, and the police were responsible for the action. According to the organization of general manager Dickinson, the United Pacific robber hunters stopped train robbery in Canada, including the murder of employees, passengers and law enforcement officers.

Administrative Canada recruits only the best riders and shooters. They are equipped with the latest and fastest horses. Hunters' bandits are stationed outside Cheyenne's headquarters, but they are usually found in trains consisting of sleeping cars and dining cars, and a special luggage cart is used to place their horses. The team has assigned a telegraph operator for them, and the engine is ready to take them to any train robbery website as soon as possible. The research team in Canada will track bandits sometimes exceeding hundreds of miles. His team was very successful, and Canada had some gun battles in many scenes to end these arrests. 19 14 When Canada retired, only two gangsters were still alive. One of them, Patrick, spent 10 years in Voss prison and recovered from a gun battle between a dozen bullets and robber hunters.

Harvey Logan (alias Children's Library) was released from prison after kilpatrick joined South America. Curry is wanted for robbing the pacific alliance train and killing two deputies. I heard these people say that Bill will go home when he retires from Canada.

The Long Fu Secret Police used by Missouri Pacific Railway Company developed something similar to Allen Pinkerton. Chief agent Thomas furlong is in charge of supervising these people. The nationwide efforts of Long Fu's secret police, Canadian robber hunters and Pinkerton Detective Bureau ended the era of train robbers, and criminals were killed, imprisoned or retired from their criminal career.

For example, Butch and Sundance are tired of being robbed by robbers chased by hunters. They can travel to Dabei and South America for money.

James and Dalton's young gang are not so lucky. The three brothers spent some time in Minnesota prison after their historic attempt to rob a bank in Northfield. Jesse james was assassinated, and Frank James Governor Crittenden surrendered himself, and was later tried and acquitted.

On his way home from Dell, Dalton stopped Coffeville to make more money. They robbed Coffeville Bank, but in the hail of death, they tried to let them escape.

During the ban, many people died, including criminals, railway transport and passengers. Some people in society respect these people's cold-blooded murders, while others despise them. But when each of them died, they lived in a legend.

Pinkerton and his agents are responsible for killing these criminals. At that time, he died in 1884, and he established the best detective agency in the world. Edgar Hoover thought that Pinkerton detective offices in many countries were like this, so he followed suit and founded the FBI. Some of Pinkerton's ideas used by Hoover were to concentrate criminal records and his photos, which were later collected by criminal photos.

I learned a lot from the railway, Pinkerton. Investigation technology and two undercover agents are widely used to arrest criminals and solve crimes. Even in the early days of these railways, men could achieve something for themselves and their families. They have overcome many obstacles, are untrained, and have no right to own railway property except for the appointed deputy police chief and their low salary.

These people can overcome these obstacles and become pioneers in our industry. In the history of our country, their work has received little support for about twice as long as this time. They protect railways, employees and passengers, and it is not good to just investigate and deal with crimes. These people became the beginning of our railway police history.

Several railway agents who have increased the history of railway police are Carl Horton and Fred Fernoff, the railway representatives of A&P, and Brown, the agent trademark of North Pacific Railway Company.

1889 in March, in the dark canyon of Arizona, gangsters robbed the Atlantic and Pacific trains No.2. Carl Horton and Fred Fernoff, railway representatives, joined Sharif O'Neils Posey, and later participated in the gunfight between China and the gangsters in Crying Canyon, Utah. In this battle, Sharif became an easy target because he was run over by his horse. Horton, the railway deputy, risked his life to run to O 'Neill's side and pulled him to safety.

1902, 10, in Sharif, R.J. Dee joined hands with Brown to rob, the trademark of North Pacific Railway Company. He held training for North Coast Co., Ltd. and searched for dead engineers. The meeting was attended by representatives from Grate County, Montana, Hyde Mancho Survey Company and North Pacific Railway Company. The criminal was not found and the case remained unsolved.

Heideman, a railway researcher, is not the one who left this situation hanging. He works hard as an investigator, and it is more difficult to develop relations with other law enforcement agencies. In June this year, the work paid off. Sindermann, Spokane County Sheriff William Doust and two Spokane County detectives raided a hotel room, and the arrested criminals robbed the train of North Coast Company Limited. This led to the conviction of the arrested gangsters and established Heideman's reputation as a professional railway police investigator.

186 1 year, the railway police was recognized by legislation in Nevada, but the credit was usually issued to the railway police in Pennsylvania. The law recognizes the railway police and authorizes the governor to give people the power to ask the railway police, any individual. Because of its uniqueness and the importance stipulated in article 1, this law obviously has this specific nature, so it is fully quoted:

Any company that appoints railway police owns or uses railways. In this state, it can entrust these people to the governor as police officers that the company can appoint.

The Committee is composed of the Governor. After receiving the above application, the Governor can appoint some people or many people. Because he thinks it is appropriate to be such a policeman and issue these people, he appoints a Committee as these policemen.

The power of the police, every policeman is appointed in this way. After entering his office, he must take the lead in signing the constitution. Before the seventh regulation, any county's video recorder needs to be sworn by it. For such a police, it is appointed and should be established; This oath, after being formally recorded by such a recorder, should be submitted to the office of the Secretary of State. A certified copy of the above oath should be made by the county-level archives, which should be recorded by the committee. In each county, or among them, it is possible to run the railway by appointing such police. In its predetermined statement, the police should take action, and the police so appointed should enjoy and exercise all major powers. Prisons, detention centers or police stations keep any signs that the county needs to accept that such police have arrested everyone, and the attack Committee said that any violation of this federal law will be dealt with according to law along the railway or any company.

This kind of railway police wears a metal shield when performing their duties, and it says "railway police". For these appointees, the company name is put forward, and unless they are hired as detectives, they should always wear shields.

The compensation for this kind of police compensation should be paid by the company in cooperation, in which the police are designated separately, which may be agreed between them.

In the distribution mode of police station, when any company needs the services of any police officer, and so on. As for the appointment, as mentioned above, they can submit a notice to the effect that in their company seal, their secretaries are in several offices, proving that as long as these police committees have been recorded, this should be noted after the record, which records the commission deposits of several tape recorders, and such police rights should be stopped and determined immediately.

This is the first time that the government has recognized the railway police as a police organization and the right to prevent criminals from being arrested. In the following years, this document was used by many states, counties and municipal governments as an example to authorize their railway police.

Because many railways have their own railway police agencies, many people still don't. In some cases, railway attendants need to protect their own trains. These flight attendants, who usually have no power, beat tramps and tramps on trains and steal from trucks and passengers. Occasionally, some flight attendants conduct their own investigations, while others are used for surveillance to prevent crimes.

1875 pigs from Chicago and the Northwest Railway were stolen because they were kept in Chicago, Iowa by Clinton. The decision of the galena department is a serious brake, and he needs to do something to stop the theft. He met with the general manager and power, trying to catch up with the pig thief. The Global Mechanism told the gatekeeper that he was now a "policeman" and with his permission, he tried to solve the crime. The gatekeeper built inside has a small cage for pig carts and hides himself and pigs in the cage. He lives in this carriage, and the water and coal train 925 stops outside Illinois. In the meantime, the door stopped, the pig car opened and the thief began to push the pig. The brake jumped out of the cage and caught the person responsible for the theft by surprise.

On May, 2003 19 19, a new version of the Pennsylvania Articles of Association was adopted, which stipulated that "any conductor has the responsibility to collect steam from passenger trains to serve the railway, with a view to arresting anyone? The personal command of dereliction of duty on such a train is provided to any police officer or any police officer in the county. They should immediately put these people in the right prison or prison or knock down the door for trial, because these people are detained on it. "

Because there are still some railway police, many railway lines do not enforce the law horizontally, which gives the train temporary police power to ensure the safety of passengers, employees and railway transport commanders.

Mid-20th century

1940 In the early and middle period, and just after World War II, the railway construction in North America was in full swing, and there were about 9,000 police officers in the United States and Canada. These agents represent as many as 400 railways and about 225,000 miles of track trunk lines. Intellectual property protection has always been the focus of the railway police. During the war, these institutions helped protect the overseas transportation of major governments.

By the middle of 1940, passenger trains were the main way for the whole United States to cross the border, with millions of them every year. In the meantime, the railway police are not only worried about the goods, but also about the safety of passengers, no matter when they get off. Railway police are often stationed in busy railway warehouses. They keep their eyes open for pickpockets and gangsters, which will shut down unsuspecting railway prey and other criminals.

With the change of our society, there are also police types such as national railways and railways. The railway police has developed into a unique and highly specialized police department.

With the development of interstate highway system, the number of railway passengers traveling by car decreased in the 1950s. 1980 federal regulations, as well as the subsequent mergers and a few large enterprises, led to the acquisition, and this trend has continued to this day.

The streamlining of enterprises leads to more effective railway transportation business, which leads to a decrease in the total number of employees in railway companies, thus reducing the number of railway police.

Technology and engineering are also important factors in reducing the country's railway police force. For example, a smaller and more powerful locomotive on a seamless railway train stops at the side of the road: the train must stop and travel at a higher speed. Due to the frequency of train departure and short stop, the probability of breaking into the train has been greatly reduced.

High-value goods are completely sealed in specially designed carriages: the railway police use modern technology to better protect and protect transit goods. Therefore, there are less than 2,300 railway police in North America today, of which only about 1000 in the United States.

There are two types of railway agents working for freight lines, such as commuter lines of American National Railway Passenger Company and other passenger stations. The passenger and freight objectives of the two are consistent, and resources are protected. Railway carriers say agents must be flexible enough to work in two environments.

Today's agents

Since the late19th century, the role of railway police is to protect railway resources and passengers, as well as to destroy, steal goods and rob. Today, the role of the railway police has not changed much.

Since World War II, the number of railway police has been greatly reduced, from 9,000 at the end of the North American War to 2,506 in the United States today, 1200. These men work with the vast majority of women on five railways: American National Railway Passenger Company, Burlington North Santa Fe, Sasha, South Norfolk and Union Pacific.

In almost every state, railway police have received the same training and other police, deputy sheriff, police officer or national standards. Although the railway company pays its own money, the railway police have the right to investigate and arrest the crimes committed by the railway. Some institutions, such as the National Railway Passenger Company Police Department, also attend the Federal Law Enforcement Training College as part of their training.

Although the recruitment standards of different railways are different, the vast majority of railway police must pass the qualification certification, pass the physical fitness standard, and have a college degree or above or the minimum number of college students. Once hired by the railway, customs officials will receive training. A few weeks later, they passed the police academy.