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Fan Zhongyan (989 ~ 1052) was the second year of Emperor Taizong's end arch (989). He died in the fourth year of Emperor Yangdi (1052).

Fan Zhongyan, word Xi. With Bao Zheng in the same dynasty, a famous minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, a native of Wuxian (now Jiangsu), was ten years old, poor and eager to learn. When he is learning, he often takes the world as his own responsibility and has the name of daring to speak. He wrote many letters criticizing the then prime minister and was demoted three times. Song Renzong was a deputy prime minister when he was an official. Yuan Hao rebelled, Longtuge was a bachelor, and Xia Song ran to Shaanxi. Strict orders, Xia people dare not commit crimes. Qiang people are called Laozi, and Xia people call Fan Laozi. 1043 (the third year of the Qing dynasty in Song Renzong), Fan Zhongyan was deeply saddened by the shortcomings of current politics, and put forward "ten essentials", advocating the establishment of a strict official system, attaching importance to agriculture and mulberry, reorganizing military equipment, advocating the legal system and reducing prison service. Song Renzong adopted his suggestions and implemented them one after another, which is called "Qingli New Deal" in history. Unfortunately, because of the opposition of conservatives, it could not be realized soon, so he was demoted to Shaanxi Fourth Road as a propaganda ambassador. Later, I died of illness on my way to Yingzhou.

Fan Zhongyan likes playing the piano, but he only plays one song on weekdays, so people call him Fan Lvshuang. He is engaged in poetry creation, which is rich in political content, beautiful in language and open-minded. There are two sentences in his "The Story of Yueyang Tower", "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later", which is a famous saying throughout the ages. It is also a portrayal of his patriotism all his life.

He was a famous politician and commander-in-chief in the Northern Song Dynasty, as well as an outstanding writer and educator. Li Qing's political reform led by him became the prelude of Wang An and Shi Xifeng's political reform. He improved some military systems and strategic measures to make the western border defense stable for a long time; A large number of scholars he recommended laid the foundation for the academic prosperity of the Song Dynasty. His thought of worrying about the world first and the moral integrity of people with lofty ideals are brilliant spiritual wealth in the history of Chinese civilization: Zhu called him a first-class figure between heaven and earth in history! Today, the remains of Fan Zhongyan in various places have been protected and commemorated by people.

Fan Zhongyan was born in Xuzhou on the second day of August in the second year of Song Taizong Duangong (989). His father, Fan Yong, was then the secretary of Ningwujun, the head of Xuzhou Military Region. Marrying Chen first is his third son. In the second year after Fan Zhongyan was born, his father died of illness. Xie was poor and helpless, so he had to hold Zhong You in his infancy and remarried to a family named Zhu in Shanxian County (now near zouping county, Shandong Province), the governor of Shandong Province. Fan Zhongyan also changed his surname, named Zhu said, and grew up in Zhu's parents.

Fan Zhongyan studied hard since he was a child. Zhujiajian Island is a rich man in Changshan, but for inspiration, he often goes to the nearby Liquan Temple in Changbai Mountain for boarding study and reads satirical recitations in the morning and evening. His persistent spirit of reading films left a deep impression on the monks: at that time, his life was extremely difficult. He only cooks a pot of thick porridge every day, cools it, cuts it into four pieces, eats two pieces in the morning and evening, mixes some pickled lai with half an altar of vinegar, and continues to study after eating. But he doesn't mind this poor life at all, and spends all his energy on finding his own pleasure in the book.

For almost three years, the books in Changbai Mountain Township have gradually failed to meet his needs. An accidental incident exposed the secret of Fan Zhongyan's family background. He was surprised to find that he was originally the son of Suzhou Fan family and had been taking care of his life by his stepfather for many years. Fan Zhongyan was deeply stimulated and shaken by this incident. Under the intersection of shame and anger, he decided to leave the Zhujiajian family and set up his own family. He will always be outstanding in the future and then take over his mother. So he hastily packed some simple clothes, put a piano and sword on his back, said goodbye to his mother in tears and left Changshan on foot to study, regardless of Zhu Jiahe's mother's obstruction.

In the fourth year (10 1 1), 23-year-old Fan Zhongyan came to Yingtianfu Academy in Suiyang (now Shangqiu County, Henan Province). Yingtianfu Academy is one of the four famous academies in Song Dynasty, with 0/50 school buildings and thousands of books. What's more, there are many ambitious and intelligent teachers and students here. Studying in such a college, there are not only famous teachers to consult, but also many students to learn from each other and many books to read. Moreover, the college is free, which is especially popular for Fan Zhongyan, who is financially strapped. Yingtianfu was later renamed Nanjing, and Yingtianfu Academy was also called Du Nan Academy.

Fan Zhongyan cherishes the brand-new learning environment and studies day and night. Once, when Zhenzong passed by Nanjing, everyone rushed to wait and see, but Fan Zhongyan stayed at home and sat as usual. A classmate wondered why he was willing to miss the opportunity of waiting to see the emperor. He replied, "It's not necessarily too late to see you again." One of Fan Zhongyan's classmates, the son of Nanjing Liu Shou (the highest official in Nanjing), saw that he ate porridge all year round and sent him some delicious food. He didn't taste a bite, which made the delicious food moldy. It was not until people scolded him that he thanked him and said, "I am satisfied with porridge." Once you have enjoyed a good meal, I am afraid you will not suffer in the future. " Fan Zhongyan's hard life is a bit like Confucius' sage Yan Hui; A bowl of rice and a ladle of water, in a simple alley, others complained bitterly, but Yan Hui did not change his happiness.

Fan Zhongyan's years of hard study also began in Zhixia in spring and ended in winter in autumn. Dance sword in the morning and get dressed and sleep in the middle of the night. Others look at flowers and enjoy the moon, but he only finds pleasure in the Six Classics. "Baiyun is nowhere to be found. Who plays Dong Xiao in Hanyuan? It's hard not to sing a song, but a thin person can still give an emu. Think about your face, you will be happy in your heart, and you will sell it when you understand your hatred. But if you don't lose your gentleness, why blame Shanmiao? " A few years later, Fan Zhongyan's classic Confucian themes, such as The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Yijing, Li San, Jing Yue and Chunqiu, have become a generation of masters: he also generously takes the world as his responsibility.

In the autumn of the seventh year (10 14) and the spring of the eighth year (10 15), Dazhong xiangfu passed the imperial examination and became a scholar. When he took part in the imperial examination in Chongzheng Hall, he first met Emperor Zhenzong, who was nearly fifty years old. Later, he was honored to attend a banquet hosted by the imperial government. In February, Bianjing (now Kaifeng City) bloomed in spring. Jinshi rode across the horse and paraded the streets with the sound of drum music: "Changbai is a cold Confucian, and he has been famous for more than two years." He sang such a poem and thought he was twenty-seven years old. Compared with Zong Liang beside his knees and others, he is much older.

Soon, he was appointed as the manager of Guangdejun to join the army (Guangdejun is located in Guangde County, Anhui Province, and the manager joined the army as an official in charge of litigation and trial, from Jiupin). Then, he was transferred to Qing Ji Army as our ambassador (Qing Ji Army is located in Bozhou, Anhui Province, and our ambassador is a curtain officer from Bapin). He took his mother to support him, officially restored Fan, and changed his name to Zhong Yan and the word Xi. From then on, he began his political career for nearly forty years.

Five years later (102 1), Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Xixi Town, Hailing, Taizhou (now near Dongtai County, Jiangsu Province) as the supervisor of salt storage, transportation and resale. Xixi town is close to the Yellow Sea, and peony can be seen occasionally in the town. After all, its desolate scene is different from that of the mainland. At first glance, listening to the roar of the wind and waves and the sigh of wild cranes, Fan Zhongyan couldn't help feeling a little disappointed. Because Guan Cang is a idled official, he laughed at himself by eating and drinking lazily: "I have never held a chair, and I dare to talk about my ambition to go to Wan Li!" It's time to be black and white when you get old. Why are you complaining about Jianghu? "

However, he soon found that there were many things to do here. The dilapidated seawall in the area has collapsed, and not only salt fields and pavilions have lost their barriers, but also large areas of farmland and houses have been repeatedly threatened by waves. Thousands of victims were displaced when they encountered tidal waves and even flooded the gates of Taizhou. The government suffered losses in salt production and tax. To this end, he wrote to Zhang Lun of Jianghuai Waterway, complaining about the interests of Chen Haidi, and suggested rebuilding a solid seawall weir along the coast of Tongzhou, Taizhou, Chuzhou and Haizhou (now Lianyungang to the north bank of the Yangtze River estuary). For this huge project, Zhang Lun generously agreed, and made Fan Zhongyan the county magistrate of Xinghua, who was fully responsible for the management of the weir.

In the autumn of the second year of Tiansheng (1024), tens of thousands of civilian workers from four states, led by Fan Zhongyan, went to the seaside. However, shortly after the dam body control project began, a storm with snow appeared, followed by a big tide, which swallowed up more than 100 migrant workers. Some officials believe that this is an act of god and the dike cannot be completed. They advocated banning the original proposal and stopping work altogether. When things were reported to Beijing, courtiers hesitated. Fan Zhongyan, on the other hand, was not afraid of danger and stuck to the weir.

The wind swept the waves and rushed to his legs. The soldiers and civilians fled one after another, and the officials were in a state of confusion. Fan Zhongyan did not move. He deliberately looked at his friend, Jing Zongliang, who was calmly commenting on a standing dike. Everyone found that they were very calm and calm. Thanks to the efforts of Fan Zhongyan and others, defending the sea and harnessing the weir has been fully resumed. Soon, a long dike stretching for hundreds of miles stood on the beach of the Yellow Sea. The production of saltworks and farmland has been guaranteed since then. A few dry households in exile a few years ago were affected by the disaster and returned home to help the old and bring the young. People are grateful for the achievements of Fan County Magistrate, and they all call Hai Yan "Fan Gongdi". Many victims in Xinghua County actually took his surname Fan.

"There are guests who are crazy and pure, and teenagers love fame." "Thirty-six years of dust have failed to become heroes." This is a poem written by Fan Zhongyan when he was thirty-six years old. He didn't get married until he was about thirty-four or five years old. This year, he got a son and was transferred back to Beijing to be the manager of Dali Temple. Since then, he has entered the ranks of Beijing officials.

Renzong Tiansheng four years (1026), thank you. Fan Zhongyan mourned with tears and returned to Nanjing to live. Yan Shu, a left-behind official in Nanjing at that time, was well versed in Confucian classics by Wen Zhong, especially the Book of Changes. He invited Zhong You to assist Qi in hosting the educational affairs of Yingtianfu School. Zhong You was granted permission to recommend another young friend, Fu Bi, to Yan Shu.

In order to facilitate his work, Fan Zhongyan moved to school. He made a timetable to guide students to read on time. In the evening, I often go deep into the dormitory to check and punish those who are sleepy. Whenever he gives homework to a life topic, he should write one first, so as to grasp the difficulty of the topic and the focus of writing, and let students improve their writing level quickly.

The style of study of Yingtianfu Academy soon took on a new look. People from all over the world came to study and asked Fan Zhongyan for a career. Fan Zhongyan warmly received these scholars from afar and took pains to hold books and teach. Sometimes, I entertain them with my meager salary, which makes my family embarrassed. Once, Sun Xiucai, a beggar who was studying abroad, visited Gong Fan. Fan Zhongyan immediately gave him 1000 pence. A year later, Sun Xiucai visited Gong Fan again. Fan Zhongyan gave him money and asked him why he hurried to beg instead of sitting down to study. Sun Xiucai said sadly, "It is difficult to support an old mother at home; If you have a fixed income of100p a day, that's enough. "

Fan Zhongyan said to him, "You don't look like a beggar. Let me help you find a job in this school, so that you can take 3 thousand yuan a month to support the elderly; In this way, can you study with peace of mind? " Sun Xiucai died of joy, and he followed Fan Zhongyan to study Spring and Autumn Annals. The following year, Fan Zhongyan left Nanjing: Sun Xiucai also resigned.

Ten years later, a respected scholar in the ruling and opposition parties was told that he had widely gathered in Mount Tai to give lectures on Spring and Autumn Annals. His surname is Sun Mingfu. Even the famous Shandong gentleman Shijie once studied under him. This scholar was Sun Xiucai. Fan Zhongyan said with emotion: "Poverty is really a terrible disaster. If Sun Fu had been begging until he was old, this outstanding talent would not have been drowned. "

Besides Sun Fu, Fan Zhongyan also contacted and helped many famous scholars. Such as Ai Hu, Li Gou, Zhang Zai and Shijie. Or invite them to take charge of academic affairs in their own administrative circles, or recommend them as academic officials of the imperial court, or guide them on the road of academic research. From Hailing to Gaoyou, from Suzhou to Fenzhou (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province), wherever Fan Zhongyan went, he always started school first, hired teachers first and cared about education. Later, when he became prime minister, he ordered all counties to run schools. Many people he has taught and influenced often have their own achievements.

After six years (1028) of ups and downs, Fan Zhongyan's mourning period ended. After Yan Shu's recommendation, he was promoted to the Secret Pavilion, responsible for collating royal classics. The secret pavilion is located in Chongwen Temple in Miyagi, the capital. In fact, it belongs to the emperor's literary attendants. Here, you can not only see the emperor often, but also hear many palace secrets. This is a rare shortcut for ordinary bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty.

Fan Zhongyan once learned some inside information of the imperial court, and he boldly intervened in this sinister political struggle. He found that Emperor Injong was 20 years old, but all kinds of military and political events in North Korea were handled by Empress Liu, who was in her 60s. Besides, I heard that on the solstice this winter, the Empress Dowager asked Injong to kowtow to her in the front hall to celebrate her birthday. Fan Zhongyan believes that family gifts and state gifts should not be confused, and things that undermine the dignity of the monarch should be stopped.

Fan Zhongyan's performance made Yan Shu panic. He was anxious to call Fan Zhongyan and blame him for being too frivolous. Aren't you afraid of bringing trouble to the Lord? Fan Zhongyan has always respected Yan Shu, but this time he refused to give in. He sank his face into his loud voice: "I have been afraid that I can't perform my duties because I was recommended by you." Unexpectedly, I was convicted of your honest remarks today. A word made Yan Shu speechless. After returning home, Fan Zhongyan wrote to Yan Shu again, explaining his situation in detail. In the next chapter, he simply asked Mrs. Liu to abdicate and strike, and returned the power to Renzong.

Instead of answering this question, the imperial court issued an imperial decree, demoting Fan Zhongyan to Beijing and transferring him to Binjiang Prefecture (now Yongji County, southwest of Shanxi Province) as deputy governor-general. The current friend of the Secret Pavilion sent him out of the city, and they all bid farewell. "Fan Jun's trip is extremely glorious!" Three years later, Empress Liu passed away. Renzong recalled Fan Zhongyan to Beijing and sent him to be an official who specially commented on state affairs-You Sijian. As an official, he wrote to make things more fearless.

In the second year of Ming Dow (1033), severe drought and locust plague occurred in JD.COM and Jianghuai areas. In order to stabilize the people's hearts, Fan Zhongyan asked Injong to send someone to rescue the disaster immediately, but Injong ignored it. He asked Injong, "What will your majesty do if the imperial court stops eating for half a day?" Renzong was surprised and ashamed, so he asked Fan Zhongyan to sell the disaster. When he came back, he brought back some weeds to satisfy the hunger of the victims and gave them to Injong and Hou Yuan Palace.

At this time, the prime minister Lu Yitong began to please Queen Liu. After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, he quickly spoke ill of Empress Dowager Cixi. This cunning behavior was once exposed by Empress Renzong Guo, and the post of Prime Minister was also removed. However, Yi Jian's karma in court is still deeply rooted. Soon, he re-entered the phase through the inner servant Yan, and colluded with Yan, hoping to take advantage of the domestic dispute of Renzong to abolish Queen Guo. The young emperor who fell in love with Yangmeiren and Shangmeiren finally decided to abolish the imperial edict, and according to Lv Yijian's premeditated plan, officials were forbidden to participate in the discussion.

Fan Zhongyan is well aware that behind this court housework dispute is a profound and complicated political competition. He and Daofu Kong, who was in charge of picketing, and several other people went to Ahe Palace and asked to meet Injong. They complained to the cabinet for a long time, but no one paid attention: the door of the temple was slammed again by the officials of Simen. Fan Zhongyan and others, with bronze rings in their hands, knocked on gold leaves and shouted through the door, "Why didn't the queen listen to Taiwan Province's advice?" It's no use watching. Everyone agreed to a plan of Ganghuhang, and prepared to leave all the officials after tomorrow morning to debate with Lv Xiang in public.

The next morning, his wife Li took Fan Zhongyan's clothes and repeatedly advised him not to make trouble. He went out and never looked back. Just arrived at the hospital, he was leaked, waited for the imperial court, heard the call of the imperial edict, and was banished to the river to be the magistrate of Zhou Mu (now near Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province). Then, North Korea sent someone to his home to urge him to leave Beijing immediately. Daofu Kong and others, either demoted or punished, survived.

Not many people went to the suburbs to bid farewell this time, but some people raised their glasses and said, "Fan Jun's trip is more glorious!" On the way to Zhejiang, Fan Zhongyan had no regrets, but felt a little unfair: "If you value your father, you must value your mother. If you are a good country, you should be at home first. Go to the end of the world with one heart and ten mouths, and return to your heart! " Some people laugh at him like the unfortunate Qu Yuan, but he thinks he is more like Monk: "Outside Fujiang, people laugh like poets" and "I am idle"!

A few years later, he moved from Zhou Mu to Suzhou, and was transferred back to Beijing because of his meritorious service in water control, and was awarded the honorary title of envoy of Tianzhang Pavilion as the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture. Daofu Kong and others who were demoted together in the past also returned to the imperial court. Fan Zhongyan made great efforts to rectify the bureaucracy in Beijing, get rid of the disadvantages and arrange his work in an orderly way. In just a few months, Kaifeng House, known as the complex drama, was "governed by respecting the Lord".

Fan Zhongyan saw Lv Yijian, the prime minister, open the back door and abuse his personal interests, and North Korea was extremely corrupt. According to the investigation, Fan Zhongyan drew a picture of Baiguan Map in Jingyou for three years (1036) and presented it to Renzong. He pointed out the promotion of the officials listed in the picture and sharply criticized the employment system of the Prime Minister. Not to be outdone, Lv Yijian retorted that Fan Zhongyan was pedantic. Fan Zhongyan wrote four chapters, accusing Lv Yijian of cunning. Lv Yijian even slandered Fan Zhongyan for colluding with his cronies and alienating the monarch and his subjects.

Many people can see clearly the dispute between Fan and Lu. Happened to Lv Yijian wily, good at using the power of the monarch, finally won. Injong is 27 years old and has no children. It is said that Fan Zhongyan once cared about the heir of Injong, and perhaps even talked about setting up a nephew. Although this incident originated from the sincerity and loyalty of the prosperous Song Dynasty, it inevitably hurt Renzong's self-esteem. After being slandered by Lv Yijian, Fan Zhongyan was deprived of his due title and demoted to the magistrate of Raozhou. Later, I almost died in Lingnan.

In order to cater to the will of the Prime Minister, Taiwanese official Han Du asked Fan Zhongyan's colleagues to write a list and hang it on the court. Yu Jin, Athena Chu, Ouyang Xiu and others were exiled to remote places because of their grievances against Fan Zhongyan. Since then, officials in the DPRK and China have held their breath, which is staggering.

Few relatives and friends saw Fan Zhongyan off outside Beijing this time. However, the honest Wang Zhi came here to help the sick and raise wine, and praised "Fan Jun's trip is particularly glorious!" Fan Zhongyan, who has experienced many ups and downs, said with a smile: "It is the three lights before and after Zhongyan. If you send me another one, please prepare a whole sheep as a sacrifice! " The next day, Wang Zhi was warned that everything he said and did to send Fan Zhongyan yesterday was recorded on the monitor, and he would be censored as a fan party. Hearing this, the king was not afraid of color, but was proud.

Raozhou is near Duyang Lake. It takes at least a dozen States to get here by water from Kaifeng. No one went out to receive Fan Zhongyan except Yangzhou, and Fan Zhongyan didn't mind. He is used to being demoted from the capital to a local official. He twisted his gray mustache and sang a poem in Raozhou's official residence. "Three out of Qingcheng Mountain, the temples are like silk, and the sweepers are scattered in the lent." "There is no need to be proud of your lips in the world, just get stuck in the old man!"

Fan Zhongyan has been ill since childhood and has suffered from lung disease in recent years. Soon, his wife Li also died in Raozhou. Mei, a poet friend who works as a county magistrate nearby, gave him a poem "Lingwu Fu" and told him that his many outspoken remarks in North Korea were regarded as ominous crows. I hope that from now on, he will close his tongue and his lips, and he will just fly high except to eat and drink at will. "Fan Zhongyan immediately wrote a poem" Lingwu Fu ".He replied that no matter how much people hate the crow's dumb voice, I died in Ningming and was born silently!

Around the age of 50, Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) and Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) as the prefect. At this time, a great event shook the whole country and changed his fate.

The Tangut people who once lived in Ganzhou and Liangzhou (now Zhangye and Wuwei in Gansu) originally belonged to the Song Dynasty. From the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Yuan Hao, the leader of the Tangut, suddenly established the Xixia Kingdom, claiming to be the emperor, and mobilized 100,000 riders to invade Yanzhou (now near Yan 'an, Shaanxi) and other places in the Song Dynasty. Facing the sudden provocation of Xixia, the Song Dynasty was caught off guard. Some of the main attacks of the imperial court and some of the main defenses were in a mess, and Song Renzong hesitated.

The border is even more embarrassing. Because there has been no war for more than 30 years, the frontier defense in the Song Dynasty has not been repaired, the foot soldiers have not fought, and Fan Yong, the general of the Song Dynasty, is incompetent. Most of the hundreds of villages in northern Yanzhou were looted or taken away by Xixia army. Injong consulted with Lv Yijian and appointed Xia Song as the front commander of Shaanxi. He also adopted the opinion of Han Qi, the deputy commander at that time, and transferred Fan Zhongyan to another deputy commander, Shaanxi, to appease and recruit envoys. Later, Athena Chu was also transferred to the western front.

Fifty-two-year-old Fan Zhongyan was first restored to the post of Tianzhangge, and in a blink of an eye, he was awarded the post of straight bachelor in Longtuge. After Fan Zhongyan resigned from Beijing Renzong, he rushed to Yanzhou. The hardships of his official career made him dye his temples, but his passion for serving the country remained unchanged. Fan Zhongan personally inspected the front line, and he found that Song Jun's officers and men, war, logistics and fortifications had many shortcomings. If we do not reform the military array system and adopt strict strategic defense, it will be difficult to reverse the war. Han Qi's view is different; He underestimated the advantages of the Xixia army and was encouraged by the indignation of repeated harassment. He advocated concentrating all forces and launching a large-scale counterattack.

Xia Song sent Han Qi and Athena Chu to Beijing, requesting Injong to approve the counterattack plan. With the approval of Injong, Athena Chu was ordered to meet Fan Zhongyan and asked him to send his troops at the same time as Han Shuai. Although Fan Zhongyan is close friends with Han and Yin, he believes that the time for counterattack is not yet ripe and insists on counterattack. Athena Chu lamented: "The Han Palace said,' Scholars should put victory and defeat aside'. You are too cautious today. It seems that you are really not as good as Han Palace! " Fan Zhongyan said: "I don't know what's so high about the idea that once the army is launched, everyone's life is in danger."

In the first month of the first year of Li Qing (104 1), Han Qi received the battle report that Xixia army invaded Weizhou (now Pingliang, Gansu). He immediately sent the general Ren Fu to lead the army to attack. The Xixia army was frustrated and retreated, and Ren Fu ordered it to be expedited. Chased to the foot of Liupan Mountain in Xixia, but was ambushed in Haoshui Kawaguchi. Ren Fu and other 16 generals died heroically and more than 10,000 soldiers died tragically. Han Qi was defeated, and met thousands of families of the deceased on the way. They shouted the names of their relatives and prayed that the deceased would come back with Han Shuai. Han Qi wept bitterly in front of Ma Yan.

Fan Zhongyan's strategic defense is not a simple or passive defense measure. When he first arrived in Yanzhou, he comprehensively reviewed the army and made serious downsizing and reorganization. He promoted a number of fierce generals from soldiers and junior officers, and selected many militia from local residents; Strict military training was also carried out. He also banned the mechanical system of going out in the order of ranks, and instead chose the contingency tactics of war generals according to the enemy's situation. In terms of fortifications, he adopted Zhong's suggestion and built a city in Yanbei first. Later, in the war zone between Song and Xia, a fortress was built. For border ethnic minority residents, we will sincerely unite, give generous concessions, and establish strict conventions on rewards and punishments. In this way, a solid barrier gradually stands on the roadside defense lines such as roadside, celebration and Jingyuan.

One day in March in the second year of Li Qing (1042), Fan Zhongyan secretly ordered his eldest son Chunyou and a general, Zhao Ming, to attack the Xixia army and recapture Mapuzhai in the northwest of Gyeongju. He went out in person and set out with a great army. None of the generals knew the purpose of the operation. When the troops were about to go deep into the defense line of Xixia army, he suddenly gave an order: start work on the spot and build the city. Building tools have been prepared in advance, and it took only ten days to build a new city. This is the famous isolated city-Dashun City, which entered the boundary between Song and Xia Dynasties. Unwilling to fail, Xixia sent troops to attack, only to find that Song Jun, with Dashuncheng as the center, had formed a solid strategic system echoing the fortress.

On the way back to Gyeongju from Dashuncheng, Fan Zhongyan was relieved. In the first year, Zhong Shiheng was sent to Yanzhou to build Qingjian City, and the northeast border defense was stable. The private message of the Xixia army also reached his ears. They said, "Yanzhou cannot be easily captured. Now Lao Tzu Fan has tens of thousands of armour soldiers in his chest, which is not as easy as Lao Tzu Fan. " Now the border defense in the north of Gyeongju is generally close to consolidation. Only his own body, but feel very tired. It's late spring, and the wildflowers on the hillside have just opened. If it were in Jiangnan, it would have been full of flowers. He recited four poems casually: "On March 27th, flowers began to appear in Qiangshan; The general went to the border, but Chun Lao did not return. "

Summer has arrived in a blink of an eye. Fan Zhongyan had to go to Dashuncheng to defend himself. He is over 54 years old this year, with gray hair and swaying in the north wind. He looked at the geese flying south in the sky, with endless regrets in his heart. Insomnia in the middle of the night, he lit a lamp to fill in the words; A series of "Fisherman's Passion" all started from the same four words: Qiu Lai has different scenery, Hengyang geese go unnoticed, and they sound in all directions, thousands of miles away, and the city is closed for a long time. A glass of turbid wine belongs to Wan Li's family, Ran Yan has not returned, and Qiang Guan is full of frost: people don't sleep, but generals have white hair and tears.

Fan Zhongyan also took some measures to improve the combat effectiveness of the army. The imperial edict of the Song Dynasty stipulated the number of troops commanded by generals at all levels. If the enemy invades, the junior officers will take the troops out to resist first. Fan Zhongan said: "War generals don't choose the right people, but only take the rank as the standard of fighting. This is a self-defeating way. " Therefore, he carefully examined Yanzhou's army, eliminated a group of weak and incompetent distribution schools, and selected a group of war-tested talents to replace them. He also eliminated the old and weak, selected18,000 qualified soldiers, divided them into six units, and let each general command 3,000 people to train separately, which changed the situation that soldiers did not know each other in the past. In the face of war, according to the number of enemy troops, he sent them to take turns to resist the battle.

Fan Zhongan also actively recruited soldiers, because most of the original guards were corrupt guards transferred from the mainland. These people have no resistance to hard work, and their morale is not high because they are homesick for a long time. They recruit soldiers from local people, who are familiar with mountains and rivers, strong, dare to fight, and have high morale because they defend their hometown. Refine soldiers and improve the combat effectiveness of the army. In addition, Fan Zhongan can set an example. A soldier never says he is thirsty without drinking water, and he never says he is hungry without eating. The gold and silk given to him by the court were distributed to the soldiers. Fan Zhongan rewards and punishments clearly, rewards soldiers who bravely kill the enemy, promotes and reuses meritorious generals, and mercilessly beheads corrupt elements who deduct military salaries in public. In this way, under the leadership of Fan Zhongan, many brave generals like Di Qing and Zhong emerged in the Northwest Army, and a number of brave soldiers were trained. Until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, this army was still a strong force in the Song Dynasty.

With the efforts of Fan, Han and others, the border situation has been greatly improved. At this time, there were various crises in Xixia, and there were also many contradictions among the generals of Xixia army. Two years after Li Qing, the number of people who defected from Xixia to Song Dynasty kept increasing. People in Song and Xia Dynasties hoped to stop military operations as soon as possible. Envoys from both sides also began to secretly travel between Xingqing House (now Yinchuan City) and Bianliang. In the fourth year of Li Qing (1044), the two sides formally reached a peace agreement. Peace was restored in Song and Xia Dynasties, and the situation in the northwest turned to safety.

Since Yuan Hao rose up against the Song Dynasty, Song Jun's frontier defense expenditure has suddenly expanded. In order to increase income, the government has to increase the burden on the people. As a result, riots and riots against the imperial court broke out in various places, including near the capital.

During the three or four years in Li Qing (1043-1044), Emperor Injong, who was eager to stabilize the political situation, was particularly cheerful and enterprising. Xia La, Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan, the three generals of the Western Front, were transferred back to Beijing and appointed as the chief and deputy chief of the highest military organ respectively. He also expanded the establishment of the official, and personally appointed four remonstrating officials, namely Ouyang Xiu, Yu Jing, Wang Su and Cai Xiang, which were later called "Four remonstrating".

"Four remonstrations" were made, and Xia Song, who had no military merit, was dismissed, and Du Yan and Fu Bi were replaced as military commanders. The official of the "four remonstrances" made another speech, completely removing Lv Yijian's military and political power. When the "four remonstrances" were stated for the third time, Vice Premier Wang was dismissed and Fan Zhongyan took over. Facing this unprecedented excellent team, Shi Jie was overjoyed. He wrote a poem praising and saying, "Lift Liang Jun and sweep the charm!" ! Preaching sages is like pulling weeds, and a large number of people rise up to exorcise evil spirits, just like cutting chicken feet, which will never last long.

In September of the third year of Li Qing (1043), Renzong urged Fan Zhongyan and others to take measures to change the situation. Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and Han Qi drafted the reform plan overnight. Fan Zhongyan, in particular, seriously summed up the reform ideas brewed in politics for 28 years, and soon put forward the famous New Deal program "Ten Things to Answer Your Hands" and put forward ten reform suggestions. Its main contents are as follows:

(a) Ming, that is, a strict system of official promotion and demotion. At that time, the promotion officials did not ask how to rest and relax, nor did they look at the quality of their political achievements, but only their qualifications. Therefore, officials do not seek merit, but seek nothing, so they follow the trend and do nothing. Fan Zhongyan proposed to assess political achievements, promote people who have made significant contributions and obvious political achievements, and replace guilty and incompetent officials.

(2) Restrain fluky psychology, that is, limit the way to be an official and promote by fluky psychology. At that time, senior officials recommended their children to be officials in Beijing every year. Twenty years later, 20 people from a brother and grandson's family served as Beijing officials. Entering the imperial court one after another in this way not only increased the state expenditure, but also these dude boys did not do their proper work, only knew how to cover up each other, form gangs and seek personal gain. For the sake of national political clarity and reducing financial expenditure, the privileges of senior officials should be restricted and their children should not be allowed to hold important positions in hotels.

(3) Fine tribute, that is, strict tribute system. In order to cultivate people with real talent and practical learning, we must first reform the contents of the imperial examination, change the original Jinshi branch from focusing only on poetry and fu to focusing on strategy, and change the Mingjing branch from only requiring words and phrases to stating the significance and truth of Confucian classics. Only in this way can students be truly talented and practical, and they can truly seek truth.

(4) Selection of the Chief Executive. In view of the fact that incompetent officials at the state and county levels were nine times out of ten at that time, Fan Zhongyan suggested that the court send competent people to various places (supervision and finance departments at or above the Northern Song Dynasty) to check local political achievements, reward competent personnel and recall incompetent personnel; The selection of local officials should be carefully recommended and reviewed to prevent redundancy.

(5) All public areas. Public land, that is, professional land, is one of the fixed incomes of local officials in the Northern Song Dynasty, but its distribution is often uneven. Fan Zhongyan believes that the supply is uneven, how to ask officials to do their duty? He suggested that the court balance their professional income; What is not given in the professional field is given according to the results, so that they can earn enough to support themselves. Then, you can blame them for being honest; People who break the law may also be punished or fired.

(six) thick agriculture and mulberry, that is, attach importance to agriculture and mulberry and other production undertakings. Fan Zhongyan suggested that the imperial court issue an imperial edict, requiring governments and people at all levels to talk about the interests of poor farmland, build water conservancy projects, promote agriculture and benefit farmers, and formulate a system of rewarding the people and evaluating officials for a long time.

(7) Armament training means armament improvement. Fan Zhongyan suggested that strong men should be recruited near Beijing to serve as guards in Gyeonggi to assist the regular army. These guards spend about three quarters of their time on farming and one quarter on training and fighting every year. The implementation of this system can save the cost of consumables. If this system in the capital is successful, it will be followed by other places.

(eight) to promote the good faith, that is, to widely implement the government's loyalty to the people. If the competent department delays or violates the execution of the Amnesty order, it shall be dealt with severely according to law. In addition, envoys should be sent to all walks of life to check whether various preferential policies that should be implemented are implemented. In this way, the emperor's favor is everywhere.

(nine) heavy order, that is, to seriously and carefully issue court orders. Fan Zhongyan believes that the written law was originally intended to show trust in the people, but it was changed soon after it was promulgated. Therefore, the court must discuss which rules can be implemented for a long time and delete complex and redundant clauses.